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We present the clinical symptoms, pathologic lesions and diagnostic possibilities of the avian astrovirus-related mortality in a pheasant colony. In addition to enteritis in chicks, we also confirmed acute nephrosis. The genome section of the astrovirus was detected and verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. After sequencing the isolated genome section based on BLAST driver analysis (601-base pair-long) avian astrovirus has the same ORF-1b gene as turkey astrovirus 1 (TAstV1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this publication various serum biochemistry and haematology parameters were determined from blood samples obtained from captive adult individuals of an exotic quail species, the mountain quail (Oreortyx pictus , Douglas, 1829). Venipuncture was performed in the second half of the breeding season from six roosters (males) and seven hens (females). During the examination, in addition to the haematological elements, basic parameters of serum enzyme levels, the products of protein metabolism, uric acid and the most important ions were monitored. The results are presented as a reference in future diagnostic tests for certain diseases. The blood parameters of the bird species examined in this study have not yet been published earlier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of hunting customs and traditions, as well as game management, in Hungary is long and rich, forming an essential part of Hungarian culture. By the end of the 20th century, changes had been introduced to the political and social structures, as had been the case in the field of hunting. In Hungary, the right to hunt is an integral part of land ownership. Those who own land that is classified as hunting land are entitled to exercise this right. Furthermore, landowners may lease this right within the boundaries of the hunting area established by the relevant hunting authority. The lease shall be concluded by a lease contract between the parties, namely the landowner and the hunters’ association. The Hungarian Parliament enacted Act LV of 1996, which modernised the decree on game protection, game management, and hunting. Furthermore, the act delineates the fundamental elements of a hunting lease contract, yet it lacks sufficient detail regarding the leasing fee. Since 1996, a method for determining the leasing fee for hunting has been lacking. This is despite the fact that there has been a need for such a method for more than 25 years. The current situation is such that the contracting parties and the public authorities are unable to determine the leasing fee for hunting in a realistic manner. This lack of clarity has resulted in disagreements between the contracting parties. Furthermore, the current situation is such that there is no accurate and useable method for determining the leasing fee for hunting. A nationwide data collection has commenced among Hungarian hunting associations, based on a literature review and the methodology. The objective is to determine which factors influence the leasing fees and to what extent. The hedonic price method, which has already proven its worth in previous similar research, has been employed to draw up a multivariate regression equation of national validity. This permits the examination of the situation in all counties, and thus the establishment of whether the leasing fee used in the leasing contract of a particular hunting ground matches its characteristics. The objective of this research is to develop a comprehensive and transparent model for the determination of leasing fees for hunting, based on a synthesis of national and international literature.

Diagnostic imaging techniques provide a new aspect of the ante‐mortem and post‐mortem diagnostics in fish medicine. Ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide more information about the internal organs and pathognomic lesions. The authors used diagnostic imaging techniques to evaluate and describe the neoplastic malformation in a 3‐year‐old female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The fish was examined with Siemens Somatom Definition AS + CT scanner and Siemens Biograph mMR scanner. The animal was lethargic and showed anorectic signs and muscular dystrophy. During the post‐mortem investigation, histopathology and immunohistochemistry were also performed allowing us to identify the neoplasms. The results showed a large soft tissue mass in the first mid‐intestine segment, which proved to be an adenocarcinoma. This subsequently led to digestion problems and absorption disorders. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells of carcinoma revealed E‐cadherin and pancytokeratin positivity. This is the first study to report the use of MRI and CT for studying gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma in rainbow trout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of our study was to examine the cases of Common Buzzards (Buteo buteo) and Long-eared Owls (Asio otus) treated at the Wildlife Rescue Center at the Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden in Hungary over the course of a three-year period. These species were chosen as part of this study as they are the most abundant diurnal and nocturnal raptors at the rescue facility and the causes, which warranted rescue in their cases could be extrapolated to other species and raptor-related conservation problems in a broader sense. Emphasis was placed on determining the cause of admittance of these individuals and whether or not rehabilitation was possible with various ailments. We found that in Common Buzzards (n=42), rehabilitation and release was achieved in 31.0% of the cases (n=13), with orphaned juvenile birds having the highest rate of success, 31.0% (n=13) were humanely euthanized, 28.6% (n=12) died at the rescue center and 9.5% (n=4) were placed in captive facilities for breeding and education purposes. Of the Longeared Owls (n=35) brought into the rescue center during this timeframe, altogether 37.1% (n=13) were released back into the wild with juvenile individuals being the most highly represented, 22.8% (n=8) were humanely euthanized, 20.0% (n=7) died and 20.0% (n=7) were placed in a captive setting. We were thus able to see, that raptor and owl patients which were orphaned had highest rate of rehabilitation compared to the other categories in our study. Traumatic injuries were presented in the greatest number in both the Common Buzzard and the Long-eared Owl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The remains of 42 road-killed snakes belonging to six species collected on the island of Cres, Croatia in the framework of a 10-year long conservation cooperation between the Budapest Zoo and the Eko-centar Caput Insulae (Beli, Cres) are subjected to analysis. The main data of every individual and the ratio of each species represented in the sample are shown in tables. The species composition in the sample of dead snakes is compared with that reported in the literature for or observed personally by the authors in the same geographical area. The size classes most affected by vehicular traffic are revealed by statistical analysis. Finally, relying on literature data, an attempt is made to determine which road sections are the most dangerous to the snakes living on the island. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was performed on 20 (10 males, 10 females) roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus) to investigate the concentration of cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic in the muscle tissue. They reside in forest and meadow, about 50 km distance from industrial activities and traffic. Samples were taken from the musculus biceps femoris of each deer without external contamination after shooting during the regular hunting season on a hunting area close to Eger in Hungary. The determination of heavy metal contents was carried out by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The statistical analysis was performed by statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 11.0. The measured residue concentration of cadmium was below the limit of detection in the roe deer meat indicating no health risk for the consumers. The average lead concentration (0.48 ± 0.21 mg/kg wet weight) exceeded the regulated maximum limit, but its calculated weekly intake was below the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). The residue level of mercury is not regulated and the average mercury content of roe deer meat (0.87 ± 0.40 mg/kg wet weight) was about half of PTWI, but the consumption of meat with the highest detected concentrations results in higher PTWI than recommended. The measured concentration of arsenic (0.27 ± 0.20 mg/kg wet weight) in the roe deer meat may not pose any health risk for the human consumers according to the PTWI set by the World Health Organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]