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Predmet proučavanje u ovom radu je prikaz metodologije procene vrednosti zemljišta u postupku urbane komasacije. Urbana komasacija je instrument koji se već duže vreme koristi u mnogim zemljama Evrope i sveta u cilju urbanističkog uređenja i sprovođenja urbanističkih planova. U Srbiji, urbana komasacija predstavlja novi instrument koji potencijalno može značajno doprineti rešavanju nagomilanih problema u oblasti uređenja naselja. Urbanom komasacijom omogućava se smišljeno, svrsishodno i ekonomski opravdano urbanističko planiranje uz pravedno usklađivanje privatnog i javnog interesa. U procesu urbane komasacije dolazi do povećanja tržišne vrednosti zemljišta zahvaljujući oblikovanju građevinskih parcela i izdvajanju zemljišta za javne namene. Zemljište koje se koristilo na drugi način (najčešće poljoprivredno, šumsko, industrijsko itd.) preoblikuje se u građevinske parcele namenjene za izgradnju u skladu sa urbanističkim planom. Da bi se utvrdilo koliko je to povećanje i da bi se na pravedan i transparentan način sprovela raspodela parcela neophodno je izvršiti procenu vrednosti zemljišta pre i nakon komasacije. Predmet ovog rada je upravo rešavanje problema procene zemljišta kako sa stručnog tako i sa organizacionog aspekta, budući da je urbana komasacija kompleksan process koji se sastoji iz više uzajamno povezanih faza radova.

Land consolidation represents the most comprehensive proven instrument of development of agriculture and rural regions. Land consolidation in Serbia has a long tradition, over 1,700,000 hectares of agricultural land has been consolidated in the past. However, there are still large areas of agricultural land, especially in undeveloped parts of Serbia that needs to be consolidated. Since the funds are limited and land consolidation cannot be carried out in all areas in short period of time, there is a need for finding the right mechanisms to choose the areas and municipalities in which the land consolidation will produce the most results and bring the most benefits. This research defines the main steps in process of selection of municipalities for land consolidation. It also defines the selection criteria which were regarded in two major categories. This research was implemented in project 'Rural Development: Effective Land Management' financed by European Union and German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. This project served as case study for implementation of this research., Komasacija predstavlja najsveobuhvatniji instrument za razvoj poljoprivrednih i ruralnih područja. Komasacija ima dugu tradiciju u Srbiji, preko 1,700,000 hektara je komasairano u prošlosti. Uprkos tome, još uvek postoje velike poljoprivredne površine, naročito u nerazvijenim delovima Srbije, koje treba komasirati. Budući da su sredstva ograničena i da komasacija ne može biti sprovedena na svim područjima u kratkom vremenskom roku, postoji potreba za pronalaženje mehanizama za izbor područja gde će komasacija proizvesti najveće koristi. Ovo istraživanje definiše glavne korake u procesu izbora opština najpogodnijih za komasaciju. Pored toga, definiše kriterijume za izbor koji su podeljeni u dve glavne kategorije. Istraživanje je primenjeno u projektu 'Ruralni razvoj: Efikasno upravljanje zemljištem' finansiranom od strane EU i Nemačkog ministarstva za ekonomski razvoj i saradnju. Ovaj projekat je služio kao eksperimentalno područje za primenu istraživanja.

The real estate cadastre in the Republic of Serbia is based on 2D cadastral maps and procedures that do not support unequivocal registration and visualization of complex 3D property situations or complex objects located on/below several parcels, especially in urban areas. Within this study, we analyzed and documented specific situations concerning registration challenges for the current cadastral system in the Republic of Serbia. Furthermore, the analysis of additional functionalities which will enable overcoming the limitations of the current cadastre in the short to the medium-term time period is represented. The main objective is to use the current cadastral data and procedures as far as possible in order to keep the transition smoother and economically feasible. Having in mind this objective, the variation of the hybrid approach as the solution for Serbian 3D real estate cadastre was analyzed. One of the preliminary assumptions of this research is that it is possible to develop a system that is simple enough for implementation and maintenance, but at the same comprehensive enough to overcome the difficulties of the current real estate cadastre. Within the case study, 3D objects based on data currently provided by licensed surveying agencies are presented.

Land banks/funds are one of the most important instruments of rural development. The significance of the land banks/funds in land development was primarily recognized in the Netherlands and Denmark, where land banks had been established in mid-nineteenth and at the beginning of the twentieth century already. By the end of the twentieth century land banks/funds have been formed in the majority of the European countries with the objective to allow for easier land development and management. This paper provides a brief review of models, organization, management and financing of land banks/funds in Europe. This paper focuses on defining the value framework for evaluation of land banks/funds. The value framework should facilitate the revision of land banks (i.e. promote their operation) as well as to facilitate establishment of the new ones.

Предмет проучавања у овом раду односи се на могућност развоја нових модела урбане комасације у функцији урбанистичког уређења насеља. Урбана комасација се, као инструмент реализације урбанистичког уређења, користи већ дуже време у многим развијеним земљама и земљама у развоју. У Србији, где се до сада није примењивао овај инструмент за уређење грађевинског земљишта, су препознати потенцијали урбане комасације и отпочео је процес имплементације у законске и институционалне оквире..., The subject of study in this paper refers to the development of new land readjustment models in the function of urban development of settlements. Land readjustment, as a tool of urban policy implementation, is used for a long time in many developed and developing countries. In Serbia, where this tool has not been used for urban land development, potentials of land readjustment have been recognized and the process of implementation in the legal and institutional frameworks began...

Односи структуре и еколошких процеса су велика тема у предеоној екологији. Многе процесе није могуће одредити директним посматрањем због ширег просторно – временског опсега којим се бави ова дисциплина. То је био разлог да се изабере проучавање структуре у различитим временским периодима, упоредном анализом утврде просторни процеси и добијени резултати тумаче кроз принципе предеоне екологије и релевантну литературу. Може се рећи да је у овом раду истраживана структура предела и њене промене у циљу утврђивања просторних процеса на подручју доњег Срема. Квантификован је састав и распоред елемената кроз различите временске пресеке. За квантификацију је коришћена она група особина која је битна за одређивање хетерогености и њене тенденције на нивоу предела, или фрагментације, осипања и стварања нових на нивоу типа елемента. Сваки од наведених просторних процеса има своју еколошку импликацију. Боље рећи, геометријске карактеристике и њене промене имају утицаја на еколошке процесе и омогућавају њихово индиректно тумачење. Претходно, да би идентификовали структуру предела неопходно је било утврдити просторни оквир односно, границу предела. За поређење предела различитих величина кроз различите временске пресеке изабран је образац предела са специфичним саставом и распоредом елемената. To би био кратак приказ поступака у раду на реализацији постављених циљева. На анализираном подручју издвојен је предео шума лужњака и граба на речној тераси покривеној лесом и предео шума лужњака и јасена на алувијалној равни. Припадају типу природног предела. Коришћен је десцедентни (хијерархијски) приступ према изабраним параметрима. Старост издвојених предела датира од почетка Субатлантика, пре око 2800 година. У оквиру издвојених граница природних предела на површини од преко 967 km2 картиранe су ниже јединице - елементи предела. Коришћена је метода CORINE (Координација информација о животној средини) land cover (покривач земље), или скраћено CLC, на четвртом нивоу хијерархије..., Relations between the structure and ecological processes make an important topic in landscape ecology. A great number of processes cannot be defined by direct observation due to the broad spatial and temporal scope of the discipline. Therefore, the aim of the research was to study structure in different time periods, to determine spatial processes by applying comparative analysis and to discuss the obtained results through the principles of landscape ecology and relevant literature. This study deals with landscape structure and the changes that modified it with the aim of determining spatial processes in the area of lower Srem. The composition and the configuration of elements were quantified in different time sections. The quantification was based on a set of those characteristics that determine the heterogeneity and its tendencies at the level of landscape, i.e. fragmentation, and at the level of element types, i.e. shrinkage and creation of new landscapes. Each of these spatial processes has its own environmental implications. In other words, geometric characteristics and changes have an impact on ecological processes and enable their indirect interpretation. However, in order to identify the structure of the landscapes, it was necessary to determine the spatial framework or landscape boundaries. To compare landscapes of different sizes across different time sections, we selected the pattern of landscapes with a specific composition and arrangement of elements. That would be a brief overview of the study procedure applied to achieve the set objectives. The study area comprises a landscape of pedunculate oak and hornbeam forests on the river terrace on loess and a landscape of pedunculate oak and ash flood-plain forests. The descending (hierarchical) approach was applied to the selected parameters. The selected landscapes date back to the beginning of the Subatlantic about 2800 years ago. Within the boundaries of the selected natural landscapes, lower units - land

This paper presents the procedure of structure behaviour analysis and modelling applying the subspace method, which has been used in system identification but not in geodetic practice. This method enables the state space dynamic model parameters to be estimated. The equation error model has been used to form the dynamic system model. In addition, two pylons of the same bridge have been demonstrated to behave differently due to the position of the Sun. The entire system identification procedure has been demonstrated in modelling behaviour of the "Sloboda" bridge over the Danube pylon in direction of Novi Sad. The measurements were compiled during the bridge test load conducted in September 2005. The input signals subject to the analysis are the long-periodic signals: namely, the force in pylon cables and temperature. The output signals are pylon top displacements. The civil engineering experts' requirements called for identification of all displacements exceeding 10 mm. The pylon top position was determined by static GPS along with the 25- minute measurements per epoch.

This paper provides an assessment of empirical correlations between soil deformation parameters and tip resistance of cone penetrometer test (CPT), by comparing calculated settlements of an object on the rigid foundation slab with insitu measurements. Monitoring is conducted on a reinforced concrete building located in New Belgrade during the period of 10 years. Such measurements are valuable because they provide possibility to verify and improve existing methods and correlations as well as establishing new ones., U radu je data ocena proračunskih metoda za procenu sleganja objekta na krutoj temeljnoj ploči na osnovu geodetskog osmatranja u periodu od 10 godina na jednom armiranobetonskom objektu na Novom Beogradu. S obzirom da su metode za proračun sleganja zasnovane, osim na teorijskoj mehanici i na empirijskim korelacijama sa parametrima deformabilnosti, ovakva merenja su dragocena jer pružaju mogućnost provere i unapređenja postojećih metoda i korelacija kao i uspostavljanje novih. Poređenje izmerenih i proračunskih sleganja na navedenom objektu je pokazalo da se dovoljno dobro mogu predvideti veličine sleganja na osnovu korelacija između parametara deformabilnosti i otpora konusa iz CPT opita.

Komasacija je danas veoma značajna i predstavlja provereni instrument za razvoj poljoprivrede i seoskih područja. Glavni cilj komasacije oduvek je bio ukrupnjavanje poljoprivrednih poseda u što manji broj bolje oblikovanih parcela, kako bi se poboljšala primarna poljoprivredna proizvodnja i unapredio njen razvoj. Naime, razvoj poljoprivrede je jedan od suštinskih faktora razvoja i unapređenja života na selu. U razvijenim zemljama se već dugo na selo ne gleda kao na poligon namenjen isključivo poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji. Zbog toga u zemljama Zapadne Evrope komasacija služi i kao sredstvo za sveobuhvatni razvoj sela. Novi koncept ruralnog razvoja tretira komasaciju kao složeni projekat koji, između ostalog, ima za cilj i trajnu obnovu i unapređenje seoske zajednice. Uspešno izvršena komasacija dovodi do opšteg unapređenja poljoprivrede, povećanja produktivnosti, efikasnosti i konkurentnosti kompletnog poljoprivrednog sektora. Ona takođe vodi i boljem planiranju i upravljanju zemljištem, otvara nova radna mesta u poljoprivrednim regionima, olakšava priliv privatnih i javnih investicija u ovoj oblasti, doprinosi unapređenju zaštite životne sredine i omogućava upravljanje prirodnim resursima na efikasan način. U mnogim državama Centralne i Istočne Evrope uslovi života na selu su se pogoršali tokom tranzicionog perioda. Velika nezaposlenost i loša infrastruktura dovele su do toga da su sela postala manje atraktivna mesta za život. Radi poboljšanja situacije realizovan je veliki broj pilot-projekata komasacije sa namerom da se zemljama u tranziciji omogući pokretanje komasacije u sopstvenim uslovima i unapredi poljoprivredna proizvodnja i kvalitet života na selu. Prevashodni cilj ovog rada je razvoj metodologije za ocenu zemljišnih komasacionih sistema koja bi na najoptimalniji način doprinela uspostavljanju efikasnog sistema komasacije u datim uslovima..., Land consolidation is still very important today and represents a proven instrument of development of agriculture and rural regions. The main objective of land consolidation has always been the consolidation (reallocation) of the agricultural holdings into the fewest number of better designed parcels, in order to improve the primary agricultural production and promote its development. Namely, the development of agriculture is one of the essential factors of development and improvement of rural living. In the developed countries for quite some time village has not been perceived as the training ground intended solely for agricultural production. For that reason in West European countries land consolidation also serves as the means for comprehensive rural development. The new rural development concept treats land consolidation as a complex project which, among other things, aims at continual renewal and promotion of the rural community. Successfully implemented land consolidation leads to overall upgrading of agriculture, increase in productivity, efficiency and competitiveness of the entire agricultural sector. It also leads to a better planning and land management, creates new jobs in agricultural regions, facilitating the flow of private and public investments into this field, contributes to promotion of the environment protection and enables efficient natural resources management. The primary objective of this research is development of methodology for valuation of land consolidation systems which would contribute in the most optimal way to establishing the efficient system of land consolidation in the circumstances. The first difficulty encountered in development of the methodology was the lack of a clear definition of land consolidation as a system. In Chapter 3 for the first time the optimal land consolidation system has been defined which best logically connects all the elements of the system. The optimal model also presents an example of a good model which wa

Land consolidation is a set of spatial-planning, legal, organizational, economic and technical measures undertaken for the purpose of improving natural, economic and ecological living and labour conditions in a land territory. Land consolidation, also, encompasses planning and renewal of rural settlements and accordingly, is a strong driving force for overall development of settlements (rural development) and environmental protection. This paper is primarily based on the observation of conditions and effects of the new model for land consolidation and rural development in Serbia, according to the proposed Land Consolidation Strategy and Pilot Project for Land Consolidation for the municipality of Velika Moštanica.

The paper shows the contents of the TEMPUS project which was established in order to propose new master program in Land administration at the Department of geodesy and geoinformatics on the Faculty of civil engineering., U radu su prikazani ciljevi, zadaci i sadržaj TEMPUS projekta za unapređenje nastavnog procesa i uspostavljanje novog master programa u oblasti administriranja zemljištem (land law and economy) na Odseku za geodeziju i geoinformatiku Građevinskog fakulteta u Beogradu.

An application of mathematical terms for dividing a given line at a given scale is suggested in the paper. Besides this, it is theoretically shown that a conditional adjustment is present in these simple formulae., U radu se predlaže primena matematičkih izraza pomoću kojih se data duž deli u datoj srazmeri. Pri tome se teorijski prikazuje da je u osnovi ovih jednostavnih formula prisutno uslovno izravnanje.

Each country in transition must find out its own solution for land fragmentation, thus taking already acquired experience and main common principles of the countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Land consolidation is a proven instrument for agricultural and rural development in western European countries. The Munich Statement on land consolidation was presented the paper for the mechanism of agrarian development in the countries CEE/CIS., Komasacija zemljišta je proveren instrument za razvoj poljoprivrede i ruralnih područja u Zapadnoevropskim zemljama. Stoga i svaka država u tranziciji mora naći svoje rešenje problema usitnjavanja zemljišta, koristeći pri tome već stečena iskustva i zajedničke glavne principe država Centralne i Istočne Evrope (Central and Eastern Europe - CEE) i Zajednice nezavisnih država (Commonwealth of Independent States - CIS). U radu je predstavljen minhenski izveštaj o komasaciji zemljišta kao mehanizmu razvoja agrara u zemljama Centralne i Istočne Evrope (CEE) i zajednice nezavisnih država (CIS).