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The paper analyzed business efficiency (productivity, economy and profitability) and business indicators (liquidity, solvency and indebtedness) of PE “National park Kopaonik“. The goal of the research is to identify their values, with the purpose of determining the situation and recognizing opportunities for possible improvement of certain segments in the business of the analyzed PE. The subject of the research is the financial reports of PE “National park Kopaonik“, and the data generated from them, based on which indicators of business success were determined.

This article is dealing with international relations between EU and Russian Federation after falling of Berlin's wall and decline of communist regimes in countries of Eastern block. Author is trying to emphasize three periods. First period is from 1991. until 2000. During presidency of Boris Jeljcin in Russia. This period is reflected by declining of Russian power and stronger integration of Europe because of Treaties of Maastricht and Amsterdam. Second period is period of coming on power president Vladimir Putin and uprising of Russia. This period lasts until 2014. year, when relations were more-less stable, except conflict in Georgia. Third period is related to conflict in Ukraine in 2014. And energetic crisis in 2021. Conflict in Ukraine has shown that EU doesn't have force to stand from foreign policy of USA, which is reflected in actions of NATO. Author concludes article with hope that memory from two world wars will be enough strong for politicians from both sides to not let another world war, and they will find new ways to enhance international cooperation.

One of the ways to preserve nature and ecosystems from a group of market mechanisms is a mechanism called Payments for Ecosystem Services - PES. In this paper, sectoral laws related to forestry and nature protection are analyzed to determine whether the existing legislation has elements that are similar to PES and support its implementation or are closer to the principle of “command and control”. Three acts were selected for analysis: the Forest law, the Water law, and the Environmental Protection Act. These are the three sectoral acts that are closely related to nature conservation policy, with forest and water systems being the largest suppliers of ecosystem services and the most common subject of PES schemes. The aim of this research is to find those articles of these laws that contain the basic elements of the PES definition, by using certain keywords to search for articles of the acts. Qualitative and quantitative content analysis was used for the analysis. First, keywords were identified to distinguish the articles of acts that are relevant to the research itself, and later the meaning of each article was transformed into one or more terms called “determinants”. In this way, the meaning of the articles was determined and quantified to determine if there was a number of articles that overlapped with the PES principles to some extent. In this research, we found that there are very few articles and parts of the legislation that fully support PES, and ecosystems and ecosystem services are not explicitly linked to valuation and funding. In each of the acts in the chapters related to financing, there are elements of PES and there is some form of financing of activities aimed at preserving and improving the ecosystems and the environment. The closest to the PES is the Water law. The Forest law has certain disadvantages, as funds are collected from sources that have no connection with forest ecosystems, and EPA is based on the “Polluter pays” principle and is farthest from the PES concept.

Introduction. Trichinellosis is one of the most important foodborne diseases in Serbia. Most patients with suspected trichinellosis in Belgrade are referred to the Clinical Center of Serbia for diagnosis and treatment, as are unclear and complicated cases from all across Serbia. Materials and Methods. A retrospective study of trichinellosis serology was carried out from 2009-2018 and included all outpatients and hospitalised patients from the Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Disease, Clinical Center of Serbia, who were serologically tested for Trichinella by the Parasitological Laboratory (n=1,565). Trichinella-specific IgG antibodies were detected in sera by a commercial ELISA test. We analysed the seroprevalence of Trichinella-specific IgG antibodies, antibody detection kinetics and cross-reactivity with other nematodes. Results and Conclusions. The number of patients who reported for serological testing varied greatly per year and month. Most patients were tested in December and March, which coincides with the months with the most confirmed cases of trichinellosis. A total of 17.4% patients who were tested for trichinellosis had other parasitic infections. Altogether, 223 (14.2%) of tested patients were finally diagnosed with trichinellosis. We detected anti-Trichinella IgG in 68.8% (223) of patients with suspected trichinellosis on admission, which increased to 86.5%, 91.5% and 92.4% after later second, third and fourth testing, respectively. Final diagnoses of toxocariasis, strongyloidiasis, filariasis, and dirofilariasis were made for 2.4%, 0.3%, 0.3% and 0.1% of patients, respectively. Concurrent seropositivity for Trichinella and Toxocara was observed in 18.9% (7/37) of patients with clinical presentation of trichinellosis and who were also tested for toxocariasis. In 3/5 patients with imported filariasis, we found cross-reactivity with Trichinella. Potential cross-reactivity of this ELISA test with antibodies to the autochthonous nematode Toxocara canis demands the introduction of Western blot technology. Trichinellosis must be diagnosed by the combination of clinical, laboratory and epidemiological criteria.

The tendency to conquer foreign markets emerges as one of the starting ideas when setting up each company. From the point of view of domestic companies, the target markets are those located within the European Union (EU), which exists and operates under the Single Market system. If you look at the part related to non-timber forest products (NTFP), it can be pointed out that in the last period it has become wider and has increasingly gone beyond local limits. In the context of the global orientation towards organic products, the aspiration of domestic companies in trying to place their products to a foreign, primarily European market is justified. The subjects of work are: treaties of establishment, conventions between Member States and Union agreements with third countries and international organizations, which have stronger legal force than other (secondary) sources, such as: regulations, directives and resolutions, as binding acts, as well as recommendations and opinions, as non-binding acts. The aim of this paper is to present and analyze the functions of the competent institutions and procedures that follow the export of products and documentation necessary for the implementation of the export procedure, with special reference to the NTFP.

The idea of this paper is to show the placement of forestry products on the market, as well as future opportunities for the development of the forestry sector in terms of goods exchange within the FE “Rasina” Kruševac, which is part of PE “Srbijašume”. In particular, the sales of wood by auction are also shown. The aim of this research is to determine the realization of the exchange of timber assortments within the FE “Rasina” Kruševac through an analysis of the collected data. The purpose of this research is to define and determine the rules of exchange realization, as well as to give explanations of the consequences of the implemented exchanges and to make proposals for future activities on the market. The subjects of this research are: sold quantities of timber products within FE “Rasina” Kruševac, their purchase by wood processing companies, as well as the price of the product. The sales of beech assortments are represented by a second degree polynomial, a strong correlation bond (0.850) is present and the correlation coefficient is statistically significant, indicating an error of about 0.1% (Significance F), the parameters are significant (for the error level α = 0.05 %), because the corresponding P-value points to an error of about 4%, and an average exponential annual growth rate of 3.4%. The total gross income of timber assortments of beech in 2017, for FE “Rasina” Kruševac on the domestic market amounts to 436,583,828 RSD. The most significant revenue was realized by selling firewood, with an income of 210.941.258 RSD, which is primarily attributed to the quantity, and not to the price.

In this paper, the signal transmission in the Free -Space Optics (FSO) communication system using the software package OptiSystem 7.0 is analyzed. The influence of parameters FSO (Free -Space-Optics) channels (Range, Attenuation, Beam Divergence, Transmitter Loss, Receiver Loss, and Additional Losses) on the reception quality is considered. The reception quality is analyzed according to the values of BER (Bit Error Ratio) and Q factor. Graphics and tables of the changes of BER and Q factor depending on the parameters of FSO are given. Also, the eye diagrams for the characteristic parameter values are given.

Background/purpose: This paper discusses the application of ABMS - agent-based modelling and simulation in the analysis of customer behaviour on B2C e-commerce websites as well as in the analysis of various business decisions upon the effects of on-line sales. The continuous development and dynamics in the field of e-commerce requires application of advanced decision-making tools. These tools must be able to process, in a short time period, a large amount of data generated by the e-commerce systems and enable the use of acquired data for making quality business decisions.

This work presents the reconstruction and modernization of Factory HARTIJA Kocani, for production of high quality graphic paper. Part one analyses the goal of modernization and the approach to its realization. Part two describes the pre-reconstruction state and points to the trouble spots and technical shortcomings of the paper machine. Part three shows the state of technology after the modernization. Here, the companies that took part in realization of project are presented and the quality of their engagement is graded. The final part gives the evaluation of usefulness of the reconstruction and modernization. The evaluation is given for reaching projected capacity and quality, as well as for financial efficiency of the investment, i.e. the price of the execution of the project assignment.

This paper examines a problem of forming the pick-up trains by conventional methods (the Futhner method and Special method), aiming at establishing basic characteristics of track facilities and values of shunting operations indicators important for evaluation of the effects of these methods application. The problem under consideration has so far not been examined in the literature to a sufficient extent, although in practice it has been proved to be necessary. For this reason, in this work a simulation study has been undertaken the results of which have to give the values and measures for assessing the quality of station/yard operations, as well as the assessment of new-designed station solutions.

The problem of traffic organization on a railway line during the execution of civil works on super and sub-structures maintenance under the present conditions is becoming more and more difficult to solve, above all, due to the increased traffic intensity. In order to make decisions on indispensable measures to be taken under such circumstances, one needs information on train compositions and their delays, line capacity, facilities, etc. In order to obtain such information, it is necessary to use a computer simulation which significantly enhances the range of the problem to be solved and offers answers to the questions that cannot be solved by analytical models alone. The paper presents a simulation model of the trains’ movement on a double-track line when one track is closed to traffic due to the work executions. Such model will provide a better quality of decision-making in the process of traffic organization under given circumstances.

Introduction: Herein the neuroprotective properties of melatonin, a highly effective antioxidant, administered in a single dose 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally, were investigated in the brain tissue of Wistar rats acutely exposed to the toxin carbon-tetrachloride (1 mL/kg, intraperitoneally). Methods: To assess the degree of whole encephalic mass damage, biochemical parameters related to lipid and protein oxidation, antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase), glutathione and inducible nitric oxide/arginase pathways were determined. Results: The results showed that carbon-tetrachloride impaired the function of antioxidant enzymes (reduced catalase and superoxide dismutase activities) and reduced glutathione-metabolizing enzymes (reduced glutathione, glutathione S-transferase and peroxidase activity). Furthermore, carbon-tetrachloride increased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidative damage in the brain tissue, as well as myeloperoxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase content/activities. Conclusions: The application of a single dose of melatonin post intoxication has been able to reverse the disturbance in the function of antioxidant enzymes and alleviate the tissue damage caused by oxidative stress, indicating that melatonin could be a potential therapeutic agent in oxidative-damage related neurodegenerative disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is of paramount significance to diagnose epidural hematoma (EDH) as soon as possible and to evacuate EDH if necessary. Our aim was to show the importance of placing prophylactic central dural tenting sutures (DTS) for ensuring adequate hemostasis. We present a case of a 62-year-old male patient, who was diagnosed with an acute traumatic EDH and cerebral hemorrhagic contusion. The postoperative course was complicated by deterioration of the patient's consciousness and worsening of the left-sided hemiparesis, therefore we performed a head CT scan, which showed the formation of the new EDH at the operating site. Moreover, we reoperated the patient with the placement of multiple central DTS, while the control head CT scan showed a complete evacuation of the EDH. Consequently, the patient made a good recovery at discharge, with a remaining discrete left-sided hemiparesis. Prophylactic central DTS are important for maintaining an adequate hemostasis while operating on patients with EDH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, electrochemical degradation of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) textile azo dye was examined in regard to different synthesis procedures for making PbO2–graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) electrode. The reaction of Pb OH 3 - with ClO− in the presence of different surfactants, i.e., cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and tetrabutylammonium phosphate (TBAP), under conventional conditions, resulted in the formation of PbO2 with varying morphology. The obtained materials were combined with g-C3N4 for the preparation of the final composite materials, which were then characterized morphologically and electrochemically. After optimizing the degradation method, it was shown that an anode comprising a steel electrode coated with the composite of PbO2 synthesized using CTAB as template and g-C3N4, and using 0.15 M Na2SO4 as the supporting electrolyte, gave the best performance for RB5 dye removal from a 35 mg/L solution. The treatment duration was 60 min, applying a current of 0.17 A (electrode surface 4 cm2, current density of 42.5 mA/cm2), while the initial pH of the testing solution was 2. The reusability and longevity of the electrode surface (which showed no significant change in activity throughout the study) may suggest that this approach is a promising candidate for wastewater treatment and pollutant removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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