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A central venous catheter can occasionally be used for contrast injection during a CT scan, with mediastinal contrast extravasation as a possible rare complication in this setting. According to the published cases, interventional venography has never been performed to assess the venous system directly. We present a case of mediastinal contrast extravasation with follow-up venography, which clearly depicted a subintimal leak and no evidence of sustained extravasation. The contrast was reabsorbed shortly after the extravasation with no adverse effects for the patient. The presented case illustrates the importance of recognition of proper positioning of central venous catheters before performing angiographies with relatively high flow velocity, such as CT angiography, as well as the importance of performing staff being familiar with different aspects of working with central venous catheters.

Background Pleural effusion remains largely unexplored in patients with pulmonary embolism and concurrent pulmonary infarction. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the size of pulmonary infarction and pleural effusion as well as the time course of pleural effusion in patients with pulmonary infarction. Patients and methods Data from 103 patients with pulmonary infarction was retrospectively analysed along with patient comorbidities, size of pulmonary infarction, presence and size of pleural effusion with the time between the onset of clinical symptoms of pulmonary infarction and CT study. Results Assessment of possible correlations between the size of pulmonary infarction and age revealed a significant negative correlation. There was a highly significant difference (p = 0.005) in the mean size of pulmonary infarction in patients with effusion (34.5 cm3) compared to those without it (14.3 cm3), but the size of the effusion had no correlation with the size of pulmonary infarction. The size of the effusion peaked between 4th–5th day after the onset of clinical symptoms of pulmonary infarction. In the first 5 days after the onset of clinical symptoms of pulmonary infarction a significant correlation was found between the size of the effusion and time with approximation of 1.3 mm/12 h. Conclusions The data shows that patients with a pleural effusion are more likely to have a larger pulmonary infarction than those without it. If present, the effusion can be expected to increase in a relatively slow linear fashion in the first 5 days after the onset of clinical symptoms of pulmonary infarction.

In this paper, we present a novel way of obtaining extremely challenging image dataset for the purpose of benchmarking image anomaly detection methods. By definition, anomalies are rare occurrences, and therefore, annotation of anomalies using human workforce is difficult and costly, as large amounts of mostly non-anomalous data need to be checked. To alleviate this problem, we use satellite images from Planet.com as the source of visual data, and combine them with ADS-B data to detect airplanes in a semi-automatic way. This way, our definition of anomaly is an appearance of an airplane on mostly airplane-free images. This not only speeds up annotation, but also provides the exact specification of what constitutes an anomaly, in an objective way. The resulting meta-dataset, containing references to Planet.com imagery and accurate annotations will be published in the near future. It will include locations of nearly 100 positions of airplanes on satellite images and the corresponding references to satellite images, captured in vicinity of large airports in different parts of the world, in different climate zones.

Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most common chronic bacterial infection in the world affecting over 50% of the world’s population. H. pylori is a grade I carcinogen, responsible for the development of 89 % of noncardia gastric cancers. In the present study we analyzed the data for H. pylori eradication treatments in Slovenia. Patients and methods Slovenia is a part of the European Registry on Helicobacter pylori Management from the beginning. In seven medical institutions data for H. pylori eradication treatments was collected for 1774 patients from April 16th 2013 to May 15th 2016. For further modified intention to treat (mITT) analysis 1519 patients were eligible and for per protocol (PP) analysis 1346 patients. Results Patients’ dropout was 11.4%. Eradication rate for 7 day triple therapy with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) + Clarithromycin (C) + Amoxicillin (A) was 88.7% PP and 72.0% mITT; for PPI + C + Metronidazole (M) 85.2% PP and 84.4% mITT. Second line 14 day therapy PPI + A + Levofloxacin had 92.3% eradication rate PP and 87.1% mITT. Ten to fourteen day Bismuth quadruple therapy was the therapy in difficult to treat patients. At the end all patients that adhered to prescribed regimens were cured of their H. pylori infection. Conclusions High dropout rate deserves further analysis. Slovenia is still a country with < 15% H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin, triple therapy with PPI plus two antibiotics reaches PP eradication rate > 85%, but mITT eradication rates are suboptimal.

Introduction After Slovenia became an independent state in 1991 the transition process started. The consequence of deep economic and social changes is the adaptation in all fields including education. There were many formal changes in educational system including emergence of new freestanding vocational and higher educational institutions as well as new educational programs. Improvements in quality of education and the concept promoting lifelong learning are included in the government's guideline for development of Slovenia in the periods: 2001-2006 (Ammerman, 2004) and 2006-2013 as high priority factors for achieving the main goals. At present (2006) there are 51 vocational colleges in Slovenia. 19 of them are offering educational program for business secretaries. Many students are interested in this program. According to the preliminary data in the academic year 2006/07 there are 14% of students attending this program (see Table 1). The growing competition among these 19 schools claims modernization, updating and upgrading of current ways of teaching and learning. These changes must take into consideration specific demands and characteristics of adult population. At the same time it is an opportunity and a challenge to introduce new ways and improve existing educational system. Schools have to provide modern way of learning, quicker on- and off-line communication between students and their teacher as well as among students, and simplify the process of disseminating students work and experience. The way of learning should be such that every student has the ability to adjust to the place, time, and the way of learning according to his/her needs. This new approach to education makes room for a more flexible time frame which, without stating the fact, clearly makes it possible for learners with different abilities to steer their path of intellectual growth in such a way that they stay within the borders of the flow channel (Steyn 2001). Therefore within vocational colleges the interest for e-learning has constantly been increasing. Despite the great interest in introducing e-learning these efforts are still in the beginning phase and are too often one-man research projects of individuals who believe that e-learning will soon be accepted as a rule and a minimal standard at numerous colleges. In the academic year 2004/05 the vocational college Leila started with e-learning as an experimental project with a small group of 17 students. The goal of the research project was to find out whether and how the students accept changes in the ways of learning and communicating. The second goal was to find out whether students have the basic infrastructure for using e-learning systems. In the academic year 2005/06 the college offered full support in e-learning for one subject for first-year students and partial support for 3 other subjects. In the following year (2006/07) e-learning support was extended to 6 new subjects. The existent support was supplemented with some new features. E-learning In the academic and business world the term e-learning is used as a new term for distance learning through internet or web based training. In fact there is a misuse of the word 'e-learning' because most of e-learning systems provide services for both parties of the educational process: students and teachers. The appropriate term would therefore be 'e-education'. E-education can be defined by a simple equation: e-education = e-learning + e-teaching. E-education should be supported by appropriate system. According to Thomas Dietinger (2003) the basic components of an e-education system are: * students--people, who are using e-learning system part of e-education system to achieve learning goal, * teachers--people, who are using e-teaching part of system that monitor, guide, help and assist students when trying to achieve learning goal, * e-content--e-content presents learning goal and should describe the way, how that goal can be achieved. …