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Two experiments (EXP1 and EXP2) evaluated the effects of NutraGen (NG) on calf health following exposure to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) on d -3 and Mannheimia haemolytica (Mh) infection on d 0. For each EXP, steers (BW = 251 ± 38.2 kg) were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 treatments (TRT). Treatments included a placebo (CON; EXP1 n = 5; EXP2 n = 5), a placebo fed from d -18 to d -3 followed by NG fed from d -3 to d 28 (CHLG; EXP1 n = 5; EXP2 n = 6), and NG fed from d -18 to d 28 (PREC; EXP1 n = 6; EXP2 n = 5). There was no treatment by time interaction (TRT×TME) or TRT effect for rectal temperatures (RT) or clinical scores (CS) in EXP1 or CS in EXP2 (P = 0.26). There was a TRT×TME for respiration rates (RR) during the first 24 h following Mh infection (P = 0.04), and a tendency for a TRT effect from d -3 to d 14, and overall in EXP1 (P ≥ 0.10). There was a tendency for a TRT×TME for RT from d -3 to d 14 in EXP2 (P = 0.04). There was a TRT effect for RR from d -3 to d 14 and overall in EXP2 (P ≥ 0.05). There was a TRT×TME for leukocytes during the first 24 h following Mh infection in EXP1 (P = 0.03) and overall in both EXP (P ≥ 0.001). There was no TRT×TME or TRT effect for neutrophils (NEU), lymphocytes (LYM), or NEU:LYM in EXP1 (P = 0.19); however, there were multiple TRT×TME and TRT effects for NEU, LYM, and NEU:LYM in EXP2 (P ≥ 0.05). These experiments suggest that NG has the potential to alter clinical and cellular responses during a bovine respiratory disease challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of extension educators is to convey cutting-edge information to the varying sectors of the agricultural industry. In recent years, Oklahoma State University has initiated the process of creating online continuing education courses for Oklahoma-based extension educators. The objective is to develop online modules to enhance educator professional development through expansion of animal science knowledge. In the spring of 2021, Oklahoma extension educators will receive the opportunity to enroll in the introductory level course of this series, "Livestock Production Practices 101" (LPP 101). LPP 101 has been designed for extension educators that have little to no animal science background. The course will be comprised of eight lessons. The eight lessons include livestock species terminology, vision, hearing and handling, nutrient classification, digestive anatomy, reproductive anatomy, life cycles - from conception to consumption, breeds and genetic evaluation parameters, and comparative anatomy. Each lesson will convey species-specific information relative to cattle, horses, pigs, sheep, goats, and chickens. Lessons will include activities such as readings and interactive illustrations. At the conclusion of each lesson, knowledge checks will be given as review to prepare educators for a quiz. Knowledge checks and quiz questions will be a combination of fill-in the blank, multiple choice, matching, and species-specific sorting. Educators must obtain an eighty percent or higher on all lesson quizzes to receive a course certificate. Educators will complete approximately five hours of course work over a tenweek period. A survey will be offered at the conclusion of the course to assess whether the educator found the course to be both engaging and beneficial. The survey will also serve as a guide as to which topics provided in this course would be sought after if developed into courses of their own. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]