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Marketing scholars have extensively studied marketing's effect on firm value and have developed metrics and dashboards to help establish marketing accountability. However, empirical evidence of marketing accountability's specific outcomes is scarce and mainly derived from surveys. It also lacks consideration of outcomes beyond the marketing function's standing in the firm, thus overlooking possible downsides and outcomes with regard to external stakeholders such as investors. Using a natural experiment—Australia's change from a nonrestrictive to a restrictive accounting regime—this study investigates how accountability for the financial value of marketing assets (marketing asset accountability) affects a firm's marketing management focus on short-term vis-à-vis long-term marketing efficiency, its cost of capital, and the degree to which its stock price reflects actual future performance (i.e., stock price informativeness). The results show that marketing asset accountability improves long-term marketing efficiency, reduces cost of equity, and improves stock price informativeness, but does not consistently affect short-term marketing efficiency and cost of debt. Moreover, although marketing-intensive firms are commonly assumed to benefit most from marketing asset accountability, this is not the case. These results have implications for researchers, managers, and public policy decision makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to explore the economic and marketing dynamics of tomatoes and to highlight constraints confronted by cultivators in the production and marketing of tomato crop under polyhouse farming within three districts (Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur) of Kathmandu valley of Nepal. A pre-tested interview schedule was employed to survey 174 randomly selected respondents from different levels of marketing functionaries of tomato value chain. The overall cost (Cost C3) of tomato production under poly-house was observed highest in Kathmandu district (NRs. 1893130.63 per hectare) followed by Bhaktapur and Lalitpur which was found NRs. 1787896.50 and NRs. 1672117.91 per hectare, respectively. In terms of total production in kg per hectare, Kathmandu averages 79091.78, Lalitpur stands at 62267.78 and Bhaktapur records 64941.10. The B-C ratio was found to be 2.82 of Kathmandu, 2.32 of Lalitpur, 2.49 of Bhaktapur. Marketing efficiency of channel I, II, III and IV of Kathmandu district was found 708.5, 2.46, 1.90 and 1.62, respectively for Lalitpur, it was found 685.5, 2.23, 1.69 and 1.41 and for Bhaktapur the marketing efficiency was found 749, 2.12, 1.53 and 1.31 for respective channels. Construction material not being timely available was found to be major constraint faced by farmers in construction of polyhouse with a mean score of 66.2 and high infestation of disease and pest was found to be most significant problemstated by cultivators in production and marketing of polyhouse tomatoes followed by low quality of seed, fluctuation in market price which was the other constraints faced by cultivators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted in the district of Goalpara, Assam to examine the economics of marketing in the district covering a total sample size of 258 banana growers. The banana growers were stratified into five groups based on land holding viz., Marginal (Below 4.0 ha), Small (4.0-8.0 ha), Semi-Medium (8.0-16.0 ha), Medium (16.0-40.0 ha) and Large (40.0 ha and above). The study mainly based on primary and data were collected through pre-tested survey schedule through personal interview method of sampling. The Shepherd formula for marketing efficiency was used to analyze the data. The results revealed that Jahaji Banana, Seni-Champa Banana and Malbhog Banana were banan varieties grown in the study area. The banana growers used four marketing channels in the district. Results revealed that for marketing of Jahaji Banana, Seni-Champa Banana and Malbhog Banana, the marketing Channel I, Channel IV and for Channel I were most efficient Channel for marketing of banana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Economics & Social Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Olive is considered the main crop that is cultivated in South Sinai Governorate. Despite this importance, it is noted that there are deficiencies in the marketing system of olive in South Sinai Governorate. Therefore, the study aimed to analyze the marketing systems of olive, determine their efficiency, uncover the problems they suffer from, and then suggest appropriate solutions to them. To achieve this goal, the study used the descriptive analysis method and relied on the questionnaire as a main tool for data collection, through a random sample of olive producers in the villages of Ras Masla and Abu Suwayra in Ras Sidr District. The sample size was 80 farmers, and data was collected during the 2023/2024 agricultural season. The findings indicated that there are four marketing channels for olives in South Sinai Governorate: selling as a kalala, selling to a wholesaler on the farm, selling to a retailer on the farm, and selling in the wholesale market. By estimating the marketing efficiency of olives according to the different marketing methods, it was found that selling in the wholesale market ranked first at about 61.3%, followed by selling to the retailer in the farm at about 58.2%, then selling to the wholesaler in the farm at about 56.7%. According to the respondent's opinions, the marketing problems of olive in South Sinai Governorate are mainly represented by the rise in transportation and labor costs, and the sharp price rise in fuel and production inputs. Accordingly, the study recommends reducing the prices of production inputs, opening new outlets for marketing and manufacturing olives, and improving the performance of marketing operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research was conducted in Banyumas Regency, with the objectives of studying 1) beef marketing channels, 2) beef marketing margins, and 3) beef marketing efficiency. To achieve this goal, a survey research method was used, with the research targets being beef cattle wholesellers, beef marketing institutions, and beef consumers. Slaughterhouses (RPH) were selected using a purposive sampling method; they were RPH Purwokerto and RPH Ajibarang. From each RPH, eight beef cattle whole sellers were selected as respondents, from which five retailers were selected. By using the accidental sampling method, two buyers were selected from each retailer. Therefore, there were 96 respondents from each RPH, or 192 in total. The data analysis used included descriptive analysis and marketing analysis, including costs, profits, and marketing margins. The results obtained were that there were two marketing channels, namely: (1) RPH/butcher → wholesalers → stall traders? consumers; (2) RPH/butcher → wholesalers → consumers. The marketing margins were IDR 34,346 and IDR 26,845, and the marketing efficiency was 4.04% and 2.86% in marketing channel 1 and marketing channel 2, respectively. It can be concluded that the beef marketing channel is simple, with quite high marketing efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Economics & Social Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper assessed the smoked marine fish markets along the Central-Ashanti region trade corridor of Ghana by adopting the structure-conduct-performance framework. Through a multi-stage sampling technique, 158 fish smokers, 100 wholesalers, and 120 retailers were sampled for primary data collection. Using the market concentration ratio and Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, the smoked marine fish market was found to be very competitive during the major season and weakly oligopolistic during the minor season, regardless of the fish type traded. The conduct of key market players was done in an open environment devoid of interference or collusion, with minimal entry barriers, if any. Consistent with a priori expectations, the smoked marine fish market performed much better at the retail node than at the processing and wholesale nodes of the chain. However, the most popular marketing channel through which smoked marine fish flows from fish smokers to final consumers via wholesalers and retailers was identified as the least efficient in terms of performance, irrespective of the fish type traded and the season within which the trading occurred.

Sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam.] plays a significant role in ensuring food security and incomes for local communities, Hence, the objective of this paper was to assess the Profitability of Sweet Potato (Ipeoma batatas) Marketing in Toro Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria using 116 respondents from the three markets studied (Magama-Gumau, Tilde-Fulani, and Toro) using structured questionnaires. The findings of the study revealed that sweet potato marketing was profitable with a gross margin of N67.14/kg and a return on investment of 17 kobo for every Naira invested. The marketing efficiency was 86%. Five factors were found to be statistically significant in affecting sweet potato profitability. The quality of product, selling price, storage costs, and years of experience were positive and statistically significant (p

Purpose. This study aims to introduce a new method for assessing the efficiency of agricultural marketing channels. This innovative method rectifies the deficiencies inherent in earlier methods by encircling all channel participants in evaluating marketing efficiency, thereby delivering a more detailed assessment. Methodology / approach. The present study first identified the shortcomings of the old methods based on a literature review and then attempted to propose a new method for calculating marketing efficiency by overcoming these issues. The efficiency of marketing channels is calculated based on primary data collected from two randomly selected agriculture markets in Delhi, marketing cooperative societies operating in Delhi, and their respective intermediaries, flour mills, and consumers in the channel. The study’s sample size is 179 respondents, including all the channel members. After that, a comparison is made between traditional methods and the proposed method. Results. Results of this study show that the proposed method gives a better idea of the efficiency of marketing channels than the old methods, namely the Acharya’s approach, the Shepard’s method and the input-output approach. These methods ignore the crucial role of producers, focusing on overall margins and costs. They can call a channel efficient even if producers receive minimal benefits, necessitating a revised approach. The proposed method has two parts: (1) the ratio of overall channel benefit to cost, excluding consumers, to avoid misleading results, indicating higher benefits for channel members; (2) the ratio of the net price received by farmers to the price paid by consumers, reflecting farmer earnings. By separating marketing margins and costs, the proposed method simplifies previous complexities. Using the channel benefit-to-cost ratio and the farmer’s price-to-consumer price ratio, this method offers an accurate and comprehensive assessment, addressing flaws in Acharya’s approach. Originality / scientific novelty. The proposed method is the only method that takes care of every channel member rather than just focusing on producers / farmers. This method considers factors such as the price received by farmers (gross and net), marketing margins, marketing costs, and the price paid by consumers. Unlike old methods, this method focuses on adding value per channel, not on the number of intermediaries. Practical value / implications. The proposed method facilitates an effortless comparison of marketing efficiency for all channel members, especially farmers. Its simplicity makes it a valuable tool for policymakers to formulate effective strategies for enhancing overall channel efficiency. Researchers can also use this method in efficiency-focused studies related to agriculture and its products, gaining a comprehensive understanding of agricultural marketing channels.

The issue of marketing efficiency, or how to better transform inputs into outputs within a marketing system, has always occupied a special place in the macromarketing literature. The concept of marketing efficiency has not been studied in closed and isolated systems that exhibit distinctive behavioral patterns compared to conventional open systems and can explain important and understudied marketing phenomena, including autarky. This study challenges some of the conventional premises of marketing systems by defining autarky as a closed marketing system that 1) operates with the specific purpose of propaganda in a relatively predictable and efficient manner; 2) has minimal, though not entirely absent, interaction with the international environment; and 3) involves participants (actors) who do not engage in voluntary exchanges with one another but rather collectively, as well as individually, adhere consistently to the self-reliance ideology. We demonstrate how a classical thermodynamic model (i.e., the Carnot cycle for maximum energy efficiency) can be metaphorically associated with the behavior of the North Korean autarkic system to better understand the long-term efficiency of its propaganda machine. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to develop a holistic metaphorical framework for exploring the efficiency of an autarkic system and to establish common criteria for measuring relationships between autarkic properties and autarkic processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to measure the profitability of spice crops, their marketing channels, marketing efficiency, and price spread effects. The study was based on a field survey of 320 spice farmers of Haryana state in India carried out between 2020 and 2021. The authors presented analytical purposes, compound growth rate, cost–benefit ratio, marketing channels, marketing efficiency and price spread effect. The growth of area and production of spice crops is not very strong compared to the profitability of spice crops. Cost–benefit ratio shows that spice crops are more profitable than traditional crops for farmers. However, due to high cost of cultivation, volatile prices, and fear of crop failure, area under spices cultivation is very small. Price spread effect is very high in channel I and II. The majority of farmers adopted inefficient marketing channel (low price for producer and high price for consumer) due to lack of storage facility and weak financial health. The role of government is important for protecting the rights of producers as well as consumers. Mediators' role should be minimized by government policy in the marketing of spice crops in Haryana so that farmers can charge the right price for their spice crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the marketing efficiency of two crucial fish species in Egypt, the Nile tilapia (Balti) and mullet (Bouri), contributing 73.4% to the nation's total fish production. Utilizing data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the variable returns to scale model, marketing efficiency for the Nile tilapia ranged from approximately 62.4 to 100%, with an average of 87.5%, while mullet fish exhibited a range of 36.2 to 100%, averaging 83.4%. The findings suggest a marketing efficiency deficit of 12.5% for the Nile tilapia and 16.6% for mullet fish, attributable to factors not considered in the model. To enhance efficiency, increasing marketing margins or fish production is recommended. Scale efficiency analysis revealed that some fishers failed to achieve an optimal production efficiency. The Nile tilapia could increase productivity by 24.1%, through optimization at the minimum point on the average total cost curve (MC = AC). Similarly, mullet fish could increase productivity by 27.4%, using the same approach. Furthermore, 70% of the Nile tilapia volume demonstrated increasing returns to scale (IRS), while 25% exhibited decreasing returns to scale (DRS). For mullet, 80% demonstrated IRS, and 10% exhibited DRS. Identified marketing challenges included high summer temperatures causing significant losses, financial constraints, insufficient liquidity, high labor costs, lack of marketing information, and elevated taxes. Recommendations include providing comprehensive marketing information, ensuring well-equipped transportation, attempting to enhance liquidity through lending, and supporting energy to reduce costs for fishing-related activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study analyzed yam value chain among small holder farmers in South South Nigeria, with specific objectives of estimating the profit margin and examining the factors that affect the profit margin of the yam value chain actors. Gross and marketing margins, marketing efficiency and multiple regression analyses were used to realize the objectives. Data from eighty, fifty and sixty yam producers, processors and marketers, respectively were collected with the use of questionnaires. Results of analyses showed that the gross margin of yam producers was ₦554,133.3/ha and 35% of which went into operating expenses. That of processors was ₦154, 877.58 with 47% operating expenses and ₦96,0752.68 with 66% operating expenses for marketers respectively. Marketing margin of yam processors was estimated to be 0.332 (33.2%) and a marketing efficiency of 58.65%, which meant that the yam processors gained ₦58.65 kobo for every naira spent on processed yam. The marketing margin of yam marketers was estimated as 42.1% and a marketing efficiency of 54% meaning that yam marketers gained ₦0.546 (54.6 kobo) for every naira spent on marketing yam in the area. Factors that affected the profit margin of the yam producers were age, household size, education, farm size and access to credit. Age, level of education and processing experience influenced the profit margin of yam processors, while household size, level of education, marketing experience and membership of association influenced the profit margin of yam marketers. Nonetheless, the yam value chain actors made appreciable profit. Following the results, the following are recommended: because of the good profit margins of the actors, more people should be encouraged to become actors in the yam value chain and education of yam value actors should be encouraged to give them more capacity to use innovation in their business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Karnataka's arecanut-growing regions, small and medium-scale enterprises have started manufacturing arecanut leaf plates and bowls, leveraging the plentiful availability of areca leaf sheaths and growing awareness of eco-friendly products. This research, conducted in 2023 in Davanagere district, Karnataka, India, involved data collection from 10 areca leaf plate and bowl producers, 30 arecanut farmers, 30 wholesalers, and 30 retailers. The study revealed that farmers received net returns of ₹11,400 per acre from areca leaf sheaths, valued at ₹1.90 per sheath. The manufacturing of areca leaf plates and bowls generated an employment potential of 1,825 man-days annually. Larger arecanut leaf plates had higher marketing margins and costs, which led to higher retail prices, while smaller sizes incurred lower marketing expenses and margins, making them more affordable for consumers. The producer's share was highest for the 10-inch plate at 73.68%, followed by the 12- inch plate at 72.73%, with both the 8-inch plate and 5.5-inch bowl each at 66.67%. Price spreads were greater for the 12-inch and 10-inch plates (₹1.50 and ₹1.25, respectively) compared to the 8-inch plate (₹1.00) and the 5.5-inch bowl (₹0.75). Marketing efficiency was highest for the 10-inch plates at 2.80, followed by the 12-inch plates at 2.67, while the 8-inch plate and 5.5-inch bowl each had an efficiency of 2.00. Entrepreneurs in the arecanut leaf plate and bowl sector faced several challenges, including power outages during the day, shortages of leaf sheaths, low-quality supplies, and restricted access to export markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high marketing margin and low marketing efficiency of apricots in Salah al-Din Governorate was the main goal of studying this crop, as well as estimating marketing costs and measuring marketing efficiency. A random sample was chosen in this research, consisting of (75) farmers in Al-Alam District, and the total number was (22) Questionnaire., and retail stores (46). The results showed that the retailer’s profits came in first place, reaching on average for the year (2022) about (296.900) dinars. The results also showed the total production costs per dunum and per ton for the apricot crop (389.000, 572.000) dinars respectively, and marketing efficiency was measured in the study area. The study showed poor performance of the marketing system for the apricot crop along the marketing channels, which is low when compared with the marketing systems of the rest of the countries of the world. The most important variables affecting marketing efficiency, as the results that could be obtained indicate that the linear formula The independent variables are the best according to economic and statistical standards, and it can be noted that (the costs of boxes and packing bags, the costs of packing and loading, the costs of transportation, and the distance of the marketing center) are linked to the amount of marketing efficiency in an inverse relationship. Either production costs and the variable of experience in agriculture are linked to a direct relationship with the amount of marketing efficiency, and this is consistent with the logic of economic theory. This study continued to open new wholesale outlets and expand wholesale offices, as the study showed that there is scarcity and scarcity in wholesale markets, and this in turn leads to many wholesalers monopolizing apricot fruits and selling them at prices that suit them.

The research aimed primarily to estimate the Marketing efficiency of the mango crop in Ismailia Governorate. The problem of the study was the low Marketing efficiency of mangoes in Ismailia Governorate. To achieve its objectives, the research relied on the use of descriptive and quantitative analysis methods, published and unpublished secondary data, and primary data with a random sample estimated at about 100 merchants in the Abu Khalifa and El-Mostaqbal Markets, and it reached The results indicate that the average area, production, and productivity in Egypt during the period (2000-2021) amounted to about 167.9 thousand feddan, 670.38 thousand ton, and 4.11 ton/feddan, respectively, and in Ismailia governorate it reached about 68.21 thousand feddan, 201.17 thousand tons, and 3.42 tons/feddan, respectively, and with a study The structure of Marketing cost per ton in Market of El-Mustaqbal, Abu Khalifa, and the total study sample for the wholesaler was found to be about 1458, 1530, and 1494 thousand LE, respectively, while for the retailer it amounted to about 2332, 2246, and 2289 thousand LE, respectively. By studying the net Marketing return per ton in Market of El-Mustaqbal, Abu Khalifa, and the total study sample. It was found that for the wholesaler it amounted to 2041, 1969, and 2005 thousand LE, respectively, while for the retailer it amounted to about 3168, 3754, and 3461 thousand LE, respectively. By studying the Marketing difference (producer - consumer) in Market of ElMustaqbal and Abu Khalifa and the total sample, it was found that it amounted to 9000, 9500, 9250 thousand LE, respectively. A study of marketing efficiency showed that it reached 33.68%, 28.08% and 30.78%, respectively. The research recommends reducing the number of intermediaries in the Marketing process, which improves the farmer’s income and provides the product to the consumer at acceptable prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Kirkuk University for Agricultural Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a study conducted in the Sultanpur district of Uttar Pradesh, focusing on the marketing of bitter gourd in the selected area. The research employed a multistage stratified purposive cum random sampling technique to select the district, block, villages, and respondents. From the population, 100 growers were randomly chosen, comprising 66 marginal, 23 small, and 11 medium farmers during the period of 2021-2022, using the proportionate allocation technique. Primary data were collected through face-toface interviews using a survey schedule. Three distinct marketing channels for bitter gourd were identified: Channel-I (producer to consumer), Channel-II (producer to retailer to consumer) and Channel-III (producer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer). The study revealed that Channel-I exhibited the highest marketing efficiency (29.15), followed by Channel-II (5.47) and Channel-III showed the lowest efficiency (2.96). Notably, different groups of farms predominantly sold bitter gourd through Channel-III. The research also shed light on the challenges faced by bitter gourd growers, including issues related to perishability, price fluctuations, and inadequate storage facilities. The paper emphasizes the significance of policymakers and stakeholders addressing these challenges and developing effective strategies and interventions to support the bitter gourd farming community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is 1) To find out how much income hydroponic spinach farming is in Percut Sei Tuan District; 2) To determine the feasibility of hydroponic spinach farming in Percut Sei Tuan District; 3) To find out the marketing efficiency of hydroponic spinach farming in Percut Sei Tuan District. This research was conducted in Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency, in December 2022. With a sample of 23 respondents, 8 owned hydroponic businesses, three collectors, five wholesalers, and seven consumers. The data used are primary data from interviews with questionnaires to find the 1st objective by the R/C ratio business feasibility analysis; the share margin analyzed for the 3rd objective. Based on the research, the results obtained: 1) the average income of hydroponic spinach vegetable farmers is IDR. 13,393,328 per planting period with an average land area of 294.50; 2) Farming is feasible with R/C Ratio >1, which is 3.08, Volume BEP Value = 347,98 kg, BEP price value = IDR 8,237, Payback Period (PP) value = 0,33; 3) the three marketing channels are considered efficient, where the efficiency value is < 50%. Channel I is worth 1,47%, Channel II is 1,51%, and Channel III is 1,1%.

Copyright of Journal of Indonesian Agribusiness / Jurnal Agribisnis Indonesia is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to determine the marketing channel model of ginger, analyze the marketing efficiency of ginger and analyze the added value resulting from the innovation of ginger products into ginger powder in Sidenreng Rappang Regency. This goal is based on several problems encountered when conducting the initial survey, such as ginger farmers only getting a small profit because they only market their products in the form of raw or unprocessed ginger so there is a significant difference in selling prices at the farmer level. This research's data analysis method consists of qualitative and quantitative analysis. Qualitative analysis was used to identify marketing channels for ginger in Sidenreng Rappang Regency. In contrast, quantitative analysis was used to determine marketing efficiency and the amount of added value resulting from the innovation of ginger products into ginger powder using the Hayami method. The results showed that the marketing channel for ginger in Panca Lautang District, Sidenreng Rapppang Regency consisted of Farmers - Collectors - Retailers - Consumers. From these results, there are two marketing institutions in the ginger marketing channel, namely collectors and retailers. The value of the marketing margin obtained through the ginger marketing channel which is the difference between the price paid by consumers and the price received by farmers is Rp. 8,500. The value of a farmer's share in the ginger marketing channel is based on the price received by farmers from the final consumer price of 66% with a profit ratio of 6.9 which indicates that the ginger marketing channel in Panca Lautang District, Sidenreng Rapppang Regency can be said to be efficient. The added value of processing ginger into powdered ginger is Rp. 79,000/kg with a value-added ratio of 39.50% and a profit of Rp. 74,000 or 37%. The large percentage of processing profits indicates that selling powdered ginger processing products is more profitable than selling fresh products.

Several patterns of pig marketing channels were found on the Mainland of East Flores Regency (MEFR) which had an impact on transaction costs, farmers' share, marketing margins, and marketing efficiency. Objective: To analyze the pattern of marketing channels and market performance of pigs. Method: The study used a survey method where data was collected through observation, interviews and document search. Purposive determination of three sub-districts and nine sample villages; while sample traders using the snowball sampling method, and 135 sample farmers randomly proportional. The data is analyzed using market display analysis. Results and discussion: There are three patterns of pig marketing channels, namely: Marketing Channel I: farmers sell directly to consumers (51%); Channel II: farmers sell to local traders (35%); and Channel III: farmers sell to inter-district traders (14%). The marketing margin for local traders is IDR 1,125,000, and traders between districts are IDR 1,700,000. The average marketing cost for local traders is IDR 100,000, while traders between districts are IDR 322,000. Farmer's share in Channel I is 100%, Channel II is 81.64%, and Channel III is 77.33%. The marketing efficiency of Channel I is 0%, Channel II is 11.25%, and Channel III is 17.1%. Conclusion: Three marketing channels for pigs were found in the MEFR related to marketing costs, marketing margins, farmer's share, and marketing efficiency. The highest marketing costs and the highest marketing margins occur at the trader level between districts (Channel III). The largest farmer's share is received by farmers (Channel I). The marketing system for pigs is efficient in all channels (Channels I, II and III). The choice of channel depends on the actual conditions of the farmers and traders involved in marketing.

Apple crop is the predominant temperate fruit in the high hills of Himachal Pradesh (HP), India, primarily due to the ideal temperate climate of the region characterized by high altitude and significant snowfall. This study aims to examine the marketing aspects of apple crops in the high hills of HP, taking into account the complex nature of its marketing patterns. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining a cautious approach within the marketing channel, as any oversight can reduce prices and profits. Additionally, the study examines the arrival trends of apples in the Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee of HP. The findings reveal that the retail channel demonstrated the highest marketing efficiency, followed by the commission agent's channel, suggesting that reducing the intermediaries in the channel contributes to enhanced marketing efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agribusiness Forum / Forum Agribisnis is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Economics & Social Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aiding developing nations like Bangladesh in their pursuit of food security requires careful analysis of marketing costs and margins as well as farmer profitability. Therefore, this study delves into the profitability and marketing intricacies of four prominent fish species in Bangladesh's aquaculture sector namely rohu (Labeo rohita), catla (Catla catla), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica), and pangas (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Through extensive face-to-face survey involving 200 fish farmers and 212 market actors in aquaculture-rich districts, the research uncovers valuable insights. The findings unveil varying profitability, with catla fish emerging as the most lucrative, boasting a substantial benefitcost ratio (BCR) of 2.77, while Nile tilapia trails with a BCR of 1.08. The highest expense was incurred for feed, followed by fingerlings. The study highlights the existence of multiple routes for transferring fish from producers to consumers, notably direct sales to middlemen and the active involvement of intermediaries like wholesalers, and facilitators. Farmers sell 41% of their fish directly to middlemen. With facilitator's commission standing out as the most important cost component, wholesalers bear an excessive portion of the marketing expenses. Efficiency in fish marketing is meticulously assessed, with catla fish emerging as the most efficiently supplied species. The study underlines the considerable potential for bolstering fish productivity and enhancing the value chain-a promising avenue that promises financial benefits to both fish farmers and market actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study looked into the dynamics of Dashehari mango value chain in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. A survey of 120 farmers from the Malihabad and Mall blocks of Lucknow was used to collect data. The total cultivation cost per hectare was determined to be Rs. 1,79,469, with variable costs accounting for 53%. Farmers reported an average yield of 11.3 tons per hectare, which falls short of Uttar Pradesh's state productivity for mango. The net return over variable costs was calculated to be Rs. 1,57,050 per hectare. Athorough mapping of the mango value chain in the study area was carried out, followed by a constraint analysis. Harvesting and postharvest losses totaled 13.2%, with retailers bearing the brunt. Pre-harvest contracts were the most common method of mango marketing, with 60-65% of farmers using them. Producers' shares of the consumer rupee varied, ranging from 24% in pre-harvest contract channels to 87% and 62.5%, respectively, in direct marketing and marketing through Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs). Farmers in the mango value chain faced challenges such as pest management, low shelflife, senile orchards, poor price realization, a lack ofprocessing facilities, and a lack of crop insurance schemes. The study emphasizes the importance of long-term interventions to improve the orchard ecosystem and nutrient management, thereby improving farmers' livelihoods. To address these challenges, promoting the widespread adoption of good agricultural practices, canopy management, integrated pest, disease, nutrient management and advanced harvesting techniques is necessary. Furthermore, the study emphasizes FPOs' critical role in establishing a strong and interconnected network within the agricultural community. By implementing these strategies, the mango-producing region of Uttar Pradesh has the potential to foster a sustainable and thriving industry, contributing to farmer prosperity and the community's overall economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farmers distribute curcuma through several marketing agencies to the sringanis plantation processing industry. It impacts farmers' income, so the research aims to determine the pattern of Curcuma marketing channels as a raw material for the medicinal plant processing industry, the value of efficiency indicators, and the level of efficiency of each marketing channel--methods of data collection using purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Respondents are farmers, middlemen, and managers of the sringanis plantation processing industry. The analytical approach uses quantitative analysis, namely analysis of marketing channels, marketing margins, farmer share, and marketing efficiency. The results showed that there were two patterns of Curcuma marketing channels, namely marketing Channel I, which included farmers and the sringanis plantation processing industry, and marketing Channel II which had farmers, intermediaries, wholesalers, and the sringanis processing industry. The marketing functions performed by all marketing agencies are exchange functions, physical functions, and facility functions. Farmer share obtained by marketing Channel I is more significant than Channel II, so marketing Channel I is more efficient than Channel II. The implication that farmers and the sringanis garden industry can apply is to enter into a cooperation contract where every profit and risk obtained has been adjusted by mutual agreement. Distance constraints for farmers who use marketing Channel II can be overcome by selling a portion of Curcuma produce to intermediaries with a proportion of 60%, and the remaining 30% is sold directly to the sringanis plantation processing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research are (1) This study aims to determine the pineapple marketing channel in the research area. (2) to find out the farmer share marketing level of pineapple in the research area. (3) To determine the level of marketing efficiency of pineapples in the research area. This research was conducted in Pasar Tiga Village, Panai Tengah District, Labuhan Batu Regency. The conclusions of this study. 1) The marketing channel in the research area consists of three marketing channels, the first marketing channel is from farmers directly to final consumers, the second marketing channel is from farmers to retailers, and retailers to final consumers. The three marketing channels are from farmer to collector then from collector to retailer then from retailer to final consumer. 2) Marketing costs consist of transportation costs, labor, packing, and depreciation costs for collectors. 3) The share margin obtained in channel I is 75.47% with a marketing cost of Rp. 10.25/pc. The share margin obtained on channel II is 40.27% with a marketing cost of Rp. 1,300/pc. The share margin obtained on channel III is 41.04% with a marketing cost of Rp. 1,300 / fruit. 4) Marketing efficiency on channel I is 0.5% <33% Marketing efficiency on channel II is 12.2% <33%, marketing efficiency on channel III is 7.8% <33%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catfish marketing plays a significant role in Nigeria's economy in terms of GDP and job creation, though its potential has not been fully exploited. This investigation assessed the determinants of profitability of fresh catfish marketing in the Uvwie Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. The study focused on profitability (costs and returns), variables affecting profitability, and marketing efficiency of catfish marketing in the study area as its specific objectives. A two-stage sampling technique was employed in selecting the sample size for the study. In Stage 1, three towns in the Uvwie Local Government Area of Delta state were selected. Stage 2 involved the simple random selection of 25% of each of the active registered fresh catfish marketers from the three towns selected. There were eighty-three (83) marketers from Ekpan, 46 from Effurun, and 42 from Ugboroke, which gave a sample size of 171. A well-structured questionnaire was used in order to obtain data from the marketers. This data was analyzed using the multiple linear regression model, budgetary models, and marketing efficiency model. Budgetary model results revealed that the average total revenue (TR) obtained was ₦74,484.44/45.3 per day, net income ₦5,800, gross margin ₦14,279.8, and ROI 0.084. Regression outcome on variables affecting the profitability of fresh catfish marketing noted that age was negatively significant at 5%, and educational level, marketing experience, selling price and sales volume were found to be positively significant at 5%, 10%, 1%, 1% and 1%, respectively, while household size was not significant. Based on the results of the analysis, it was recommended that marketers should organize themselves to form a cooperative society in order to gain easy access to nongovernmental and governmental credit facilities. The government should make provisions for a catfish marketing budget to attract unemployed youths. The study also recommends that the factors that significantly affected the profitability of catfish marketing should not be left out in policy formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]