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Nonprofit organizations often position their charitable efforts as fulfilling the immediate needs of those who are disadvantaged (termed "immediate aid appeals"). This study explores an alternative positioning strategy focused on the use of autonomous aid appeals, which promote the use of donated funds to facilitate the eventual self-sufficiency of those in need. Seven studies show that people are more likely to donate to a charity that uses autonomous aid appeals than immediate aid appeals. The authors generalize this effect to various contexts and examine it with actual donation behavior. They find that managerially relevant boundary conditions support a serial mediation model first through perceptions of impact and then by feelings of hope for the recipient's future. To support the proposed framework, they conduct mediation analyses and two process-by-moderation studies. The findings have practical implications for charities and their promotional messaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intelligent algorithms have shown promise in supporting marketing strategy decisions through data mining. However, existing methods have primarily relied on expertise, lacking autonomous decision-making abilities. Consequently, a marketing strategy decision model based on particle swarm optimization and multi-objective programming is proposed. This study first explores the potential for integrating particle optimization and multi-objective programming models partially, and then assesses the overall effectiveness of each marketing strategy by defining a fitness function. Subsequently, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed to search for and optimize decision variables to identify the optimal combination of marketing strategies. Finally, several simulation experiments are conducted using external real data. The research findings indicate that the algorithm's error rate in this study was initially 0.23. However, after 500 training sessions, it decreased to 0.08 and maintained a relatively low level. The proportion of marketing strategy revenue increased by 15.2 percentage points between 0 and 100 training sessions, then remained relatively stable at over 30%. Its revenue proportion continued to rise during the training process, significantly surpassing that of other algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discourse on gamification continues to be relevant in contemporary times. This concept has rapidly emerged as an innovative trend within the marketing domain. Business practitioners increasingly view the application of gamification as a novel tool or approach to assess their market potential. Additionally, gamification is perceived as having the capacity to enhance the value of a service. Although discounts continue to be a primary draw, the burgeoning popularity of online shopping platforms can be attributed to the incorporation of entertainment features and gamification elements. Objective: This study discusses the unexplored relationship between gamification and e-commerce, with a focus on interaction, intimacy, attitudes, and gaming intentions in the context of games on e-commerce platforms. Method: This research was conducted through a Google Form questionnaire given to 127 active participants at Shopee Games, and analyzed using SmartPLS 3 software. Results: This research identifies interaction as an important factor that shapes user intimacy and fosters positive attitudes toward platform engagement. Additionally, gaming intention emerged as a significant correlate, influencing increased exposure to in-game product promotions and potentially motivating users in their purchasing intentions. Conclusion: These findings deepen our understanding of the complex relationships between interaction, intimacy, attitudes, gaming intentions, and shopping behavior on e-commerce platforms, thereby offering insights for the development of marketing strategies in the gamification paradigm. This research contributes to the growing understanding of the synergy between gamification and e-commerce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on probabilistic demand forecasting remain relatively limited compared with point forecasting, despite it being especially valuable for operational and planning purposes. This paper demonstrates different applications of probabilistic forecasting in demand response, together with Physical-Based Load Models. The first application shows how to determine the percentage of uncertainty potentially covered by demand response throughout a day, whereas the second application deals with obtaining the number of consumers that would be needed in demand response actions for a desired percentage of coverage. Finally, in the third application, a specific hourly strategy is proposed for demand response policies. These applications facilitate the aggregator's energy purchasing in the market and the planning of subsequent consumption adjustments through demand response to minimize deviations from the purchased energy. The approach is illustrated using hourly demand data from a small Spanish city, and two machine learning methods were used to produce a set of probabilistic forecasts and compare results: Linear Quantile Regression and a Quantile Regression Forest. Main results show a significant reduction in deviations from the purchased energy after applying the proposed strategy, especially in the case of the forecasting method being less accurate (40.95% and 33.62% of reduction, respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Market socialism emerged theoretically in the early 20th century with the socialist calculation debates and underwent significant transformations, influencing the reforms in Eastern Bloc countries in the 1980s. The practices and theoretical evolution in socialist countries over time indicate a gradual decrease in the emphasis on central planning in market socialism, particularly transitioning to fragmented and enterprise-based planning after the 1970s. Concurrently, strategic planning, which became widespread in developed capitalist countries during the same period, bears similarities to the planning approach in market socialism. The shift from centralized planning to a decentralized planning approach based on macro-level programs and decisions made at the institutional/local levels constitutes a fundamental element of market socialism and strategic planning. Both strategic planning and market socialism gained prominence after the 1970s, riding on the trend of decentralization in planning, which has been influential in different economic systems. This study delves into the theoretical development of market socialism and prominent practices in socialist countries to illustrate the intersectionality in the field of planning between capitalist and socialist countries, while also examining the relationship between strategic planning and market socialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I explore the hypothesis that urban interstices around urban motorways could be intended as spaces of creative, political and performative possibilities not responding to planning and market logic. Urban interstices are context-dependent spaces in a minoritarian position compared to more powerful spaces. Their relationship with planning and investments is ambiguous, because they are by-products of urban processes but temporarily neglected spaces. This leads to a certain degree of freedom in the experimentation of different uses and dynamics. Grounding in Gibson-Graham's politics of possibility, I provide a re-reading of urban motorways as spaces of possibility where undisciplined spatial forms and dynamics are made visible, conceivable and therefore possible. With an ethnographic approach, I explored the daily practices taking place in the interstices of the urban motorway SS 554, which encircles the city of Cagliari, in Sardinia. I provide an understanding of the daily practices of its inhabitants as a form of non-conflictual everyday politics, intended as a practice of producing urban space always-in-the-making. By observing daily life in urban interstices, I highlight the political possibilities that infrastructure entails and suggest an overcoming of the technocratic and normative gaze usually adopted in work on urban motorways. These urban interstices appear to be spaces of possibility, where the discarded pieces of urban processes are appropriated by inhabitants to produce a different urbanity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Egyptian Journal of Information Sciences is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The meteorological landscape has always been the main selling point for some destinations, but the uncertain supply of the meteorological landscape also poses challenges for destination management. Little is known about visitors' emotional and behavioral tendencies elicited by this uncertainty under landscape viewing; therefore, it is critical for academics and practitioners to understand visitors' emotional and behavioral changes after the viewing experience and strategize marketing plans to improve revisit intention. Grounded upon cognitive appraisal theory, this study conducted in-depth interviews with 31 visitors who had had meteorological landscape viewing experiences to solicit their perceptions and appraisals of uncertainty. Results revealed that the uncertainty influenced visitors' entire cognitive appraisal process and resulted in four types of revisit intentions. Specifically, even if visitors have a negative emotion after the viewing, they may choose to revisit. Accordingly, theoretical and practical implications for destination management are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kirkuk Journal of Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Planning Education & Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper studies the effect of e-Lifestyles on the fitness industry. The aim is to investigate the (mediating) role of e-Lifestyles in the relationship between behavioral intentions to use the fitness center app, app usage behavior, and member overall satisfaction with the fitness center, i.e., explain whether e-Lifestyles allow us to better understand fitness center satisfaction or app usage intention. Results of 1403 members revealed that the relationship between behavioral intentions to use the app and the members' overall satisfaction with the fitness center is positively mediated by e-Lifestyles. Results further demonstrate that there is a direct positive effect of behavioral usage intentions of the app-on-app usage behavior and overall member satisfaction toward the fitness center. The study adds to the literature on e-Lifestyles by demonstrating its significance in the context of fitness center management. This study helps managers conduct more thorough marketing plans and develop differentiated strategies and provides information for app designers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article aimed to explore some of the most important considerations to take into account when designing a marketing plan. It was based on the development of a bibliographical research which was carried out with the support of the inductive deductive, documentary analysis and synthetic analytical methods. These allowed to gather the necessary information on scientific writing, process it, interpret it and arrive at the following conclusions: Marketing planning is a vital strategic process. It is not simply about creating advertising campaigns, but about aligning marketing objectives with the general objectives of the company, understanding the market and the target audience, and selecting the most appropriate strategies and tactics to achieve success. The business environment is constantly changing, so it is essential to carry out a thorough analysis of the market, competition, economic, technological, social and legal factors that may affect the marketing plan. Not all customers are the same, so it is necessary to segment the market into homogeneous groups and select the most appropriate target segments for the company, which allows to customize marketing strategies and optimize resources. The elements of marketing (product, price, place, and promotion) must work together synergistically to achieve marketing objectives. It is important to find the right balance between these elements and tailor them to the needs and expectations of the target audience. It is essential to establish key performance indicators and continuously monitor the results of the marketing plan to assess its effectiveness, identify areas for improvement, and make adjustments in real time. The business environment is dynamic, and marketing plans must be flexible enough to adapt to market changes, new trends, and changing consumer needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of En Blanco: Revista de Arquitectura is the property of Universidad Politecnica de Valencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This paper aims to address the fundamentals of tax planning and seeks to focus on the opportunities and root causes for tax planning. Design/methodology/approach: The paper reviews the current state of tax planning with case studies that reveal fundamental statutory structural opportunities. Findings: While some, possibly many, tax advisers lack integrity and recommend tax structures to their clients that are inconsistent with reasonable interpretations of the tax law, most advisers, even very aggressive and creative advisers, probably do not. The paper suggests that it may be futile to seek to deter tax professionals from designing and marketing tax plans unless legislation makes tax advisers jointly responsible with their clients for their clients' tax underpayments. Practical implications: Short of such a radical approach, governments must commit first to altering the basic structure of their tax laws to make aggressive tax planning uninviting. Originality/value: The paper offers original insights into the inseparability of the legislative process from the creation of unnecessary tax planning opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Businesses that run in recycling industries are one of the trends that are now in demand by many parties and supported by both national and international governments, but in the practice of these business activities there are many components that must be considered, especially if an entity is in the business to business sector. PT Recycled Paper Hub came as an competitive alternative that offers products in the form of recycled paper materials with low impurity levels which will later be used by companies to be processed again into many forms including packaging. By analyzing and implementing a marketing mix approach in accordance with the vision and mission, analysis data obtained from research on internal and external strengths that are quantitative and qualitative, the data obtained reflects business activities in order to achieve business excellence. In this study, the marketing mix carried by PT Recycled Paper Hub is Direct Marketing NICE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: As the business environment becomes more complex and the needs of consumers become more complex, companies and business organizations must carefully consider how to conduct strategic marketing planning. The aim of the present research is Designing and compiling the strategic marketing development plan of the Iraqi Swimming Federation. Method: The current research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey, which was collected using qualitative methods. The statistical population of this research is 450 swimming experts in Iraq (according to the statistics of the Iraqi Swimming Federation in 2021). Experts mean swimming club managers, coaches, athletes, referees, and veterans of this sport in Iraq who are active in swimming at a professional level. First, the total number of samples was selected in the qualitative section to reach theoretical saturation, and 17 samples were selected for the qualitative section. Results: The results of the internal and external matrix show an average of 2.23 and 2.16, which indicates that the strategic marketing plan of the Iraqi Swimming Federation is in the WT position and the conditions for maintaining the existing situation. Conclusion: This program cannot make good use of strengths and opportunities and address weaknesses, and reduce threats. Managers and organizations related to this sport can reduce and minimize losses caused by threats and weaknesses with proper planning. Therefore, the strategic marketing development plan of the Iraqi Swimming Federation should be developed with a comprehensive, transparent and accurate approach to improve the marketing and development activities of the Iraqi Swimming Federation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to analyze and explain the principal's strategy in marketing educational services at Abi Husni Meranti IT Vocational School, which includes formulation, implementation, evaluation of strategies, as well as the obstacles faced and how to overcome them. The research took place from March to May 2024, with initial observations in December 2023. The method used was qualitative research with a case study approach with narrative characteristics. Researchers go directly into the field to obtain data through observation, interviews and recording. This approach allows researchers to investigate phenomena intensively and in depth. The research results show that strategy formulation is carried out through marketing planning, market identification, strategy creation, and strategy control. Strategy implementation involves market segmentation, marketing mix, school services, relationship marketing, and consistency in implementation. Strategy evaluation includes a review of internal and external factors, performance reviews, and continuous improvement and improvement. The obstacles faced include teacher discipline, the burden of activities on students, and the community's low mindset regarding education. To overcome these obstacles, the principal reprimands teachers personally, takes a personal approach to students, and consistently implements the planned program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourist movement patterns among attractions are complex and variable, and understanding such patterns can help manage tourist destinations more effectively. However, previous studies on tourist movement utilising complex networks have not explored the network motif approach comprehensively. Therefore, we adopted a network motif approach using social media data to extract and analyse motifs in a city network. This study analyses the attractions corresponding to the nodes in each motif, revealing the connection patterns between these attractions. We also discuss motifs between attractions with different types and titles. Popular attractions play a significant role in a local network while other attractions serve distinct functions within the network. This study's findings enhance the significance of network motifs in examining tourist movement and deepen the understanding of recurring movement patterns between attractions. Moreover, they assist managers in developing policy tools for intelligent tourism destination marketing and planning that cater to tourists' needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marketing planning is essential for a company. Effective marketing planning helps MSMEs to be able to target the appropriate market share and have a sustainable competitive advantage related to increasing sales turnover. However, implementing appropriate marketing strategies is still an obstacle for MSMEs. In this case, MSMEs who are members of Genpro DIY Kedu apparently still have problems regarding how to arrange effective marketing plans. Therefore, this community service program aims to provide technical understanding and training in marketing planning for MSMEs. After participating in this program, MSMEs are expected to be able to develop an effective marketing plan to increase sales and their competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important paradigm of contemporary capitalist criticism, the theory of "degrowth" has gradually converged with socialism in the face of global energy exhaustion, unequal distribution of resources and its own theoretical shortcomings. This paper analyzes the internal tension between the two, based on the weakness of the degrowth theory which cannot break with capitalism completely and the experience and lessons of the socialist planned economy, and examines the possibility of the combination of degrowth and socialism. On the basis of going beyond the simple dichotomy, this paper discusses the scientificity and operability of combining market and plan, unifying self-discipline and heteronomy, and coordinating democracy and centralization, and puts forward three theoretical approaches of localization, autonomy and negotiation to overcome the one-sidedness of existing theory and practice. Finally, the article emphasizes the primacy of practical movement, whether it is degrowth or socialist theory should take realistic movement as the premise. To enhance human welfare and demonstrate the superiority of the socialist system in the criticism of the reality of capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soon after WWII, France adopted a form of economic planning which became afterwards known as "indicative planning". François Perroux paid great attention to French planning and linked his reflections on planning to both his criticism of neoclassical approach and his proposal of some new theoretical tools for economic analysis. Perroux's critiques of neoclassical economics involved both the kind of assumptions adopted and the neglect of some aspects that for him were crucial to economic analysis: the differences and inequalities among agents, the presence of economic and social groups, the role of power, and state activity. To contrast and overcome those shortcomings, Perroux elaborated some conceptual tools that are the pillars of his economic analysis. Main aim of this paper is to inquire into Perroux's contribution to the debate on economic planning that rose in the light of the French experience. The focus is especially on the Fourth Plan which Perroux took particularly into consideration and critically evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decision makers often grapple with the complexity of multi-faceted real-life problems, where uncertainty arises from both positive and negative states of mind. This duality reflects the decision maker’s optimistic and pessimistic perspectives during the decision-making process. To address this, our paper introduces innovative concepts and frameworks for generalized bipolar trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. We propose novel arithmetic operations on these fuzzy numbers, computing the negative α-cut and positive β-cut methods. Furthermore, we uniquely compute the convex combination of expected values from both the positive and negative membership parts. These theoretical advancements are applied to a practical case study: a multi-item marketing planning inventory model with allowable shortages. Our proposed method’s efficacy is highlighted through detailed numerical illustrations, sensitivity analyses and comparative studies complemented by compelling graphical presentations

The continuous growth of social media is causing significant modifications in the business strategies developed by organizations. Using a structural equation modeling approach, this research analyzes how the work environment affects the social media managers thriving at work and task performance. The proposed model is tested using a sample of 190 social media managers and 190 supervisors from 190 companies in the tourism sector. The results highlight the importance of proper design and implementation of social media marketing planning and top management support to enhance both thriving at work and the performance of social media managers. This research contributes to the literature on social media by examining how and when the work environment influences the attitudes and performance of social media managers, whose role is crucial in organizational performance. Simultaneously, it expands the literature on thriving, as knowledge about the impact of contextual factors on thriving is still limited. The results also demonstrate that managers can compensate for the lack of certain contextual or personal resources with other resources, providing insights into when the work environment is more beneficial in shaping positive attitudes and behaviors in employees.

This case study explores how a leading charity, the British Heart Foundation (BHF), used research to ensure that the focus of its marketing and communications contributed to a story that people found engaging and were compelled to support. Amongst some staff, there was a view that the methodology of some of the BHF's previous market research was not robust enough and that studies often lacked the quantitative data needed to develop marketing and communication strategies with confidence. Behavioural economics shows that there is usually a disconnect between what people say they will do and what they do in real life, the BHF wanted to develop a methodology that would interrogate this paradox. In doing so, it hoped to identify the areas of its work the public found most engaging and which would encourage people to support them. This insight would then be used to inform their new marketing communications plans. This note explains what the BHF learnt from involving explicit and implicit testing via a mix of qualitative and quantitative techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to find the right marketing strategy for the business of selling heavy equipment rental services during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method used was qualitative. Data collection was carried out through interviews with all employees of CV Aneka Tractors. The data analysis process used an analysis tool, namely Nvivo 12 Pro to obtain factors that influenced both internal conditions and strategic steps taken by CV Aneka Tractors. The results of the research showed that CV Aneka Tractors, which initially focused on working on government projects (B2G) and private projects (B2B), had to switch to the individual/community sector (B2C). The B2C sector was an open opportunity during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that during the COVID-19 pandemic, not all consumer sectors were able to make the best contribution, especially in the heavy equipment rental service industry. With a strategy of shifting the target focus to the B2C sector by adjusting the pattern of services offered, establishing cooperation and reducing payment deadlines, companies can survive. From this research, we also saw how important marketing planning is in keeping the company operating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yield calculation is an important link in modern precision agriculture that is an effective means to improve breeding efficiency and to adjust planting and marketing plans. With the continuous progress of artificial intelligence and sensing technology, yield-calculation schemes based on image-processing technology have many advantages such as high accuracy, low cost, and non-destructive calculation, and they have been favored by a large number of researchers. This article reviews the research progress of crop-yield calculation based on remote sensing images and visible light images, describes the technical characteristics and applicable objects of different schemes, and focuses on detailed explanations of data acquisition, independent variable screening, algorithm selection, and optimization. Common issues are also discussed and summarized. Finally, solutions are proposed for the main problems that have arisen so far, and future research directions are predicted, with the aim of achieving more progress and wider popularization of yield-calculation solutions based on image technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional account of socialist planning proposes that annual plans were sets of imperative requirements that kept the economic actors from planning for themselves and doomed them to inefficiency. This article claims that planning was an intricate mechanism of negotiations between economic, political and social actors, mediated and regulated, but never actually subdued by the communist party based on an analysis of the Bulgarian 1963 reforms, largely neglected by the historians. Furthermore, the conventional account claims that the 1960's economic reforms intended to repair the socialist economies by supplementing planning with market elements, such as profit and credit, yet the reforms were compromised by the political elite. This article claims that, on the contrary, the reforms intended to repair the socialist economic system by inscribing mechanisms of horizontal bargaining in its very core, irreducible to the vertical bargaining described by Janos Kornai. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous growth of social media is causing significant modifications in the business strategies developed by organizations. Using a structural equation modeling approach, this research analyzes how the work environment affects the social media managers thriving at work and task performance. The proposed model is tested using a sample of 190 social media managers and 190 supervisors from 190 companies in the tourism sector. The results highlight the importance of proper design and implementation of social media marketing planning and top management support to enhance both thriving at work and the performance of social media managers. This research contributes to the literature on social media by examining how and when the work environment influences the attitudes and performance of social media managers, whose role is crucial in organizational performance. Simultaneously, it expands the literature on thriving, as knowledge about the impact of contextual factors on thriving is still limited. The results also demonstrate that managers can compensate for the lack of certain contextual or personal resources with other resources, providing insights into when the work environment is more beneficial in shaping positive attitudes and behaviors in employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the city of Bandung, it is recorded that until February 2023 as many as 500 thousand private cars crowded the streets in the city of Bandung. People's needs for private cars are met through the purchase of new cars from dealers or used purchases. As a dealer, the main task is to meet car sales targets every month and year. Suzuki dealers, especially in Bandung, do not have solid information about what type of car is most liked by the people of Bandung, what is the background of the customers and what marketing efforts are most optimal to increase sales. Suzuki car sales data for the June-October 2023 period was analyzed as many as 165 sales from various types of cars, customer domicile, customer's profession and marketing efforts carried out until the purchase occurred and the choice of payment method. In this paper, a clustering analysis of the K-means method with 4 clusters with car type, customer domicile location, marketing effort, customer profession, transmission type and payment method is made. Analysis performed with IBM SPSS v.29 program. The type of Carry passenger vehicle is the choice of many Suzuki customers in Bandung and Suzuki customers mostly come from the people of Bandung and around Bandung who work as entrepreneurs and traders. Suzuki Bandung needs to maintain and improve Canvansing as an effort to acquire customers as can be seen from the analysis of customer segmentation data in this paper [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe common methodological problems that arise in comparisons of Medicare Advantage (MA) and Traditional Medicare (TM) and within‐MA studies and provide suggestions of how researchers can address these issues. Study Setting: Published research evaluating Medicare coverage options in the United States. Study Design: We considered key conceptual challenges and promising solutions that have been used thus far and suggest additional directions. Data Collection: Not available. Principal Findings: Many existing studies of MA versus TM include significant limitations, such as failing to account for unobserved confounders driving both beneficiary coverage choice and health outcomes once enrolled, not accounting for variation in benefit generosity, provider networks, or plan design across MA plans, and/or having been conducted at a time when MA enrollment was less than a third of all Medicare beneficiaries. We provide a review of methods that can help researchers to overcome these weaknesses and suggest additional methods and data sources that may aid future research. Conclusions: The MA program is becoming an essential part of the US healthcare system. By accounting for non‐random movement into and out of MA and studying the heterogeneity of beneficiary experience across plan and market characteristics, researchers can provide the high‐quality evidence necessary for policymakers to design the program and reform TM in ways that maximize beneficiary outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the role of private planning consultants as intermediary-actors and their implications in relation to planning theory and practice. To do so, the paper focuses on niche consultants involved in servicing neighbourhood scale plan-making in England, clarifying that they hold crucial agency in local planning processes and adding to the understanding of consultancy roles and co-production dynamics in planning. The paper draws together the literature on private sector consultancy and on intermediaries, along with theoretical work highlighting the diversification of planning, the rise of the collaborative turn and the effect of regulation on creating niche markets in planning expertise. The conclusions drawn help clarify the 'action on others' that planning consultants, as intermediary-actors, have in collaborative governance and planning in and beyond neighbourhood planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing use of digital formats in the Spanish advertising landscape has brought about a significant change in marketing practices, leading to a growing demand for influencers as key components of brand strategies. The objectives are twofold: firstly, to highlight the importance of these influencer profiles and, secondly, to identify their impact on the operational framework of agencies, from marketing plans to strategic planning, creativity and media, thus assuming a key structural role. The methodology used combines both qualitative and quantitative approaches, including in-depth interviews, a survey and the Delphi method. The findings underline the paramount importance of these social profiles for society, end-users and communication and marketing agencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the limited empirical evidence on conceptualizing authenticity in food, this study explored the dimensionality of perceived authenticity in food within a state fair setting. By using a rigorous scale development procedure through a mixed method, this study developed and validated a set of scales to measure authenticity in food and confirmed four underlying factors of food authenticity: unique, original, local, and traditional. The findings provide a foundation for scale development along with theoretical insights on authentic food with the four dimensions identified. Practically, this study provides managerial guidelines for state fair organizers to better evaluate food authenticity concerning the four dimensions, plan strategic marketing tools that could attract more consumers, and improve their offerings to visitors' authentic experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined public attitudes towards multi-storey wood buildings (MSWBs) in seven European countries. A questionnaire was distributed to online panellists in Austria, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Results from 7007 complete questionnaires indicate that respondents knew less about MSWBs in countries where brick, stone and concrete are the most commonly used house frame elements in construction (United Kingdom, Germany and Denmark) compared to countries with a stronger wood building tradition (Austria, Finland, Norway and Sweden). Respondents in Finland and Sweden had the most positive attitudes towards MSWB. The number of respondents, who considered a prospective apartment in an MSWB appealing, was approximately equal to the number that considered it an unappealing alternative. The factors most influencing the respondents' perception of MSWBs as a nice place to live were (i) vulnerability to fire, (ii) material solidity and durability, (iii) healthy indoor environment and (iv) vulnerability to moisture. The results from this study add new knowledge to the understanding of cross-country differences of preferences among the public for living in MSWBs. The results can be used to support the MSWB planning and marketing efforts in the countries involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper is aimed at presenting the proper significance of the research institute operations’ planning, including, but not limited to, the ones relating to the development of tactical and operating plans. It refers to the development of the tactical and operating activity plans in research institutes. Their importance for the effective institute work organization is stressed. Design/methodology/approach: Its provisions are based primarily on the analysis of reference works and various planning documents developed in different institutes. Findings: To guarantee that the projects will ensure existence and development of the institute, the plan scope (in particular for the operational ones) should cover the largest scope of the institute operations possible. The applicable legal requirements refer to four different plans, including two operational ones, i.e. the activity and financial plan. Besides them, it is advisable to develop plans

Digital transformation is a dominant phenomenon in the global economy today, mainly triggered by advances in digital technology. This article discusses the impact of digital transformation, particularly in the context of business models and corporate strategy. With a focus on the manufacturing sector, Society 5.0, and dramatic societal changes, this article presents statistical data related to the use of digital technology in Indonesia. Digital transformation encourages companies to adopt innovative technologies and new business models to gain a competitive advantage. An effective digital business strategy is crucial in facing the demands of contemporary society and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. This research uses a literature study method to analyze the impact of digital transformation on business model innovation, focusing on successful and less successful cases. The research results highlight the importance of digital leadership, digital maturity, and innovation strategies in facing digital transformation challenges. This research provides a comprehensive picture of digital transformation, emphasizing the need for investment in digital technology and skills, as well as adapting to changes in the economy and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista El Directivo al Día is the property of Centro de Informacion y Gestion Tecnologica (CIGET) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The link between SME performance, growth and development is well established; however, the characteristics of SMEs that allow firms to be successful in the long run in an underdeveloped country context, i.e. Pakistan, are still unclear. This paper aims to bridge this gap by identifying the SMEs' characteristics that set them apart from their rivals and become successful. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses Storey's development framework to identify the SMEs' characteristics. Data is gathered using the case study method from SMEs with a metropolitan context in Pakistan. A narrative methodological framework was used during the data gathering and analysing stages. Findings: Findings of this study indicate that the prosperity of SMEs in Pakistan is dependent on a combination of characteristics, including entrepreneurial characteristics of owner–managers, knowledge of business operating models, social networks and relationship building and innovation in business style. Additionally, other factors such as governance structure, strategic planning of market diversification and export characteristics also influence the prosperity of an SME. These findings may have several important implications for key stakeholders, including entrepreneurs, SMEs and policymakers in the government. Originality/value: This research provides evidence about factors that can help an SME to become successful in uncertain situations surrounding a business environment. Theoretically, the contribution of this research is that it demonstrates that entrepreneurial characteristics and the effective leadership style of owner–managers can help SMEs achieve prosperity in external unforeseeable situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coca-Cola is the most typical modern drink. The Coca-Cola system is universal, with the help of which the drink was imposed on all people in the world. That universality is often sought to be copied by its competitors. This means that Coca-Cola has to invent new skills and products to stand out from the rest. The Coca-Cola product does not exist without the marketing dimension. Coca-Cola campaigns are present all over the planet. The marketing product has grown into an essential dimension in the life of the company. Coca-Cola has its own marketing department but also works with specialized marketing agencies in the concept of building the personality of the product. They are obliged to position themselves for all propaganda works. This marketing has a single goal: to convince consumers to buy Coca-Cola again. It is a product like man. It needs to be revived, to build personality and to be attractive. The specificity of Coca-Cola's marketing is the marketing mix. Marketing mix (or market planning) allows you to put in place an overall strategy that takes into account the different elements needed to achieve your goals. When you start a new market, you will not have to leave anything to chance to know your audience, and your competitors and have a clear view of your marketing campaigns. The marketing mix allows you to effectively structure these campaigns by grouping them by domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]