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Introduction: To compare the optic nerve head (ONH) structure and microvasculature in patients with optic atrophy due to non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), compressive optic neuropathy (CON), methanol-induced optic neuropathy (MION), and traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) using optical coherence tomography angiography.Methods: In this comparative, cross-sectional study, 32 eyes with NAION, 18 eyes with CON, 32 eyes with MION, 23 eyes with TON, and 55 normal eyes were enrolled. Radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) vessel density, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, disc area, cup volume, and cup/disc area ratio were obtained using the RTVue XR Avanti system (Optovue Inc., Fremont, CA, USA).Results: RPC vessel density and peripapillary RNFL thickness in all patients were significantly lower than normal subjects. A positive correlation was found between the RPC vessel density and peripapillary RNFL thickness in normal subjects and all study groups. The positive correlation between the inside and outside disc RPC vessel density was only found in the NAION (r = 0.36, P = .042) and MION (r = 0.42, P = .018) groups. No significant difference was found among the groups in terms of peripapillary and inside disc vascular densities (all P > .05). Disc area and cup volume in patients with MION was larger than the values in patients with NAION (P = .018) and TON (P = .044) and normal subjects (P = .015). The discriminating features among the study groups were the larger cup volume and cup/disc area ratio in patients with MION, and lower RNFL thickness in patients with TON.Conclusions: There was a positive correlation between the RNFL thickness and peripapillary RPC vessel density regardless of the cause of optic disc pallor. Structural evaluation of the ONH seems to be a better way to differentiate the cause of optic nerve head atrophy than the microangiographic changes.

Aim To report five children with posttraumatic orbital subperiosteal hematoma. Methods In this study, five cases with posttraumatic orbital subperiosteal hematoma were studied and reviewed along with similar cases in a systematic literature review. Results The mean age of our patients was 9.40 ± 3.51 years, ranging from 4 to 13 years, and all were male. Mechanisms of injuries were blunt trauma, falling from a building, car accident, and falling from a bicycle. All patients had unilateral involvement. Treatment options included needle aspiration, surgical drainage, and observation for spontaneous resolution. Except for one patient, positive outcomes were achieved. Conclusion The most common location for posttraumatic orbital subperiosteal hematoma is the superior orbital wall. Traumatic optic neuropathy and permanent visual loss are uncommon. Observation, surgical drainage, and aspiration are common treatment options.

PURPOSE: To investigate predicting factors of visual acuity improvement and achieving uncorrected (UDVA) or corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuity supernormal vision (⩾ 15/10; Snellen 20/13) 1 year after refined transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TransPRK). METHODS: In this retrospective case series, a total of 155 eyes with myopia (mean ± standard deviation = −3.53 ± 1.81 diopters) with and without astigmatism (range = 0.25 to 4.50 diopters) were recruited and observed for 1 year. Patients underwent refined single-step TransPRK using the SCHWIND AMARIS 500 laser (SCHWIND eye-tech-solutions GmbH, Kleinostheim, Germany). The main predicting factors of postoperative supernormal vision and visual acuity improvements were sought by statistical modeling. RESULTS: Logistic models showed mesopic contrast sensitivity, high laser fluence, and coma higher-order aberration (HOA) as predicting factors for both UDVA and CDVA super-normal vision. Myopia, astigmatism, dynamic cyclotorsion correction, optical zone, and transitional zone showed associations only in simple models and were not retained in multivariable models. According to the linear regression models, CDVA, mesopic contrast sensitivity, coma HOA, and keratometry were common predictors of both postoperative UDVA and CDVA improvement compared to preoperative UDVA. Astigmatism, optical and transitional zones, and high laser fluence were common predictors only in simple regression models. CONCLUSIONS: Through statistical modeling, preoperative CDVA, mesopic contrast sensitivity, coma HOA, and simulated keratometry were found to be the main factors that predicted improvement of both postoperative CDVA and UDVA compared to preoperative CDVA. Furthermore, mesopic contrast sensitivity, coma HOA, and high laser fluence were the common predictors of achieving both CDVA and UDVA supernormal vision 1 year after refined single-step TransPRK. [ J Refract Surg. 2019;35(12):771–780.]