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Indah Fajarwati,1 Sela Septima Mariya,1 Fitrine Ekawasti2 1Research Center for Biomedical, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia; 2Research Center for Veterinary Science, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, West Java, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Fitrine Ekawasti, Research Center for Veterinary Science, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Genomic Building, Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Bogor No. 490, Cibinong, West Java, 16911, Indonesia, Email fitr045@brin.go.id

Sela S Mariya,1 Silmi Mariya,2 Novaria SD Panjaitan1 1Center for Biomedical Research, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia; 2Primate Research Center (PRC), IPB University, Bogor, West Java, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Sela S Mariya, Center for Biomedical Research, Research Organization for Health, Genomic Building, Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Bogor No. 490, Cibinong, West Java, 16911, Indonesia, Email sela002@brin.go.id

Sela Septima Mariya, Ratih Rinendyaputri, Uly Alfi Nikmah Center for Biomedical Research, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Cibinong, West Java, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Ratih Rinendyaputri, Center for Biomedical Research, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Bogor No. 490, Cibinong – Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia, Email ratih.rinendyaputri@brin.go.id

Nona Rahmaida Puetri,1 Reza Kristiyana,2 Sela Septima Mariya1 1Center for Biomedical Research, Health Research Organization, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia; 2Molecular Biology Laboratory, PT Biomedical Technology Indonesia Member of BLST Holding Company of IPB University, Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Sela Septima Mariya, Center for Biomedical Research, Health Research Organization, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Genomic Building, Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Bogor No. 490, Cibinong, West Java, 16911, Indonesia, Email sela002@brin.go.id

Novaria Sari Dewi Panjaitan,1 Sela Septima Mariya,1 Armedy Ronny Hasugian2 1Center for Biomedical Research, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Cibinong - Bogor, West Java, Indonesia; 2Research Center of Preclinical and Clinical Medicine, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Cibinong - Bogor, West Java, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Novaria Sari Dewi Panjaitan, Center for Biomedical Research, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Bogor No. 490, Cibinong – Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, Email nova014@brin.go.id

The pigtailed monkey ( Macaca nemestrina ) is one of the species that have potency like the cynomolgus monkey that is widely used as an animal model for asthma study. The CCL7 gene has potential as a genetic marker because of the secreted chemokine that plays a role in asthma. The aims of this research are to characterise the CCL7 gene of pigtailed monkey, compare the structure of their CCL7 gene with other primate species and determine model 3D structure protein prediction of CCL7 protein. The amplicons were sequenced, and the results were analysed by the bioinformatics technique. The 3D CCL7 protein structure was predicted using I-TASSER. We have isolated 2221 bp sequences CCL7 gene and 109 amino acids from pigtailed monkey. Variation of CCL7 gene sequence between pigtailed monkey and other primate species ( Macaca fascicularis, M. mulatta and Homo sapiens ) was found in exon 1, exon 2 and exon 3 as CDS (Coding DNA Sequence) region. The analysis homology of nucleotides and amino acid sequences of the CCL7 gene indicated that the pigtailed monkey and three other primate species have a high homology rate with an identity score above 90%. Meanwhile, a comparative analysis of CDS and amino acid regions showed that the pigtailed monkey also has the highest similarity with the three other primate species with more than 90% identity score. The 3D structure protein prediction model of the CCL7 pigtailed monkey revealed the highest similarity with H. sapiens with an identity value of about 95%. Therefore, the pigtailed monkey CCL7 gene has high similarity with H. sapiens , which means that based on molecular similarity, the pigtailed monkey has the potential to be an animal model for asthma study, especially the study of molecular and the role of CCL7 in asthma pathogenesis., (© Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2024.)

Background: One of the constrain in proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) conservation is gastrointestinal helminth (GH) infection. Here, we conducted a study to determine the prevalence of GHs in captive proboscis monkeys in Surabaya Zoo, Indonesia., Methods: Twenty fecal samples were collected from three groups (i.e., nursery cage [NC] [n = 1], communal show cage [SC] [n = 8], and free-ranging colonies [FC] [n = 11]). The fecal samples have been examined through McMaster and sugar floatation techniques., Results: The total prevalence of GH infection was 85.00% (17/20). We confirmed infection of Trichuris sp., Ascaris sp., Strongyloides sp., and Hymenolepis nana with Trichuris eggs was dominant. Although the prevalence of infection was high, the number of eggs per gram (epg) was low., Conclusion: GH infection in captive proboscis monkeys in Surabaya Zoo, Indonesia, is highly prevalent. These results were useful for future research, control, and prevention of zoonotic potency purposes., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Cell culture is the proliferation of a cell population in vitro by isolating from the original tissue or growing from existing ones. One essential source is the monkey kidney cell cultures which have an essential role in biomedical study. This is due to the significant homology between the human and macaque genomes making these useful for cultivating human viruses, especially enteroviruses, and growing vaccines., Methods: This study developed cell cultures derived from the kidney of Macaca fascicularis (Mf) and validated its gene expression., Results: The primary cultures were successfully subcultured up to six passages, grew as monolayers, and exhibited epithelial-like morphology. The cultured cells remained heterogeneous in phenotype and they expressed CD155 and CD46 as viral receptors, cell morphology (CD24, endosialin, and vWF), proliferation, also apoptosis markers (Ki67 and p53)., Conclusions: These results indicated that the cell cultures can be used as in vitro model cells for vaccine development and bioactive compound., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background and Aim: Cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis ) develop spontaneous infection of Papillomavirus (PV); thus, potentially beneficial for modeling human PV (HPV) infection study. Contrary to human origin, infection in cynomolgus monkeys does not always show evident clinical symptoms of cervical cancer. The absence of cervical cancer clinical symptoms leads us to investigate the molecular mechanism of the HPV infection in cynomolgus monkeys. This study aimed to investigate the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of KI67 and P53 genes, majorly known as biomarker oncogenesis of PV infection., Materials and Methods: The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used with MY11/MY09 primer to screen PV in cynomolgus monkey, further grouped as positive-PV and negative-PV infection groups. Real-time quantitative PCR was also applied to quantify the mRNA expression levels of KI67 and P53 genes in animals., Results: Increased expression of mRNA level of KI67 genes was significantly higher in Positive- PV group than negative-PV group. In contrast, the P53 mRNA expression level increased markedly higher in the negative-PV group than in the positive-PV group., Conclusion: Our study describes the potential of cynomolgus monkeys as a spontaneous oncogenesis model of PV infection-type. However, we used a limited number of cancer genetic markers. So, further study of other genetic markers is required to prove that cervical cancer could be developed naturally in cynomolgus monkeys., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © Darusman, et al.)

Previous studies of aging cynomolgus monkeys from our group identified spontaneous age-associated cognitive declines associated with biomarkers and brain lesions reminiscent of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), in a proportion of aged monkeys. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the spontaneous amyloid disorders and cognitive declines observed in these affected monkeys have yet to be investigated in detail. Using reverse transcriptase quantitative real time PCR techniques, normalized to the ACTB housekeeping gene, we analyzed the expression patterns of a number of genes which have been implicated in amyloid and tau abnormalities, in well-characterized aged cynomolgus monkeys with cognitive decline. A significantly increased expression of the genes coding for glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), was found in aged-cognitive decline monkeys compared to age-matched healthy controls. GAPDH has been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases and interacts with beta amyloid precursor proteins. These findings provide support for the utilization of cynomolgus macaques in translational preclinical research as valid spontaneous models in experimental investigations of the relationships among aging, cognitive decline, and the neuropathy of AD., (© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Simian betaretrovirus serotype-2 (SRV-2) is an important pathogenic agent in Asian macaques. It is a potential confounding variable in biomedical research. SRV-2 also provides a valuable viral model compared to other retroviruses which can be used for understanding many aspects of retroviral-host interactions and immunosuppression, infection mechanism, retroviral structure, antiretroviral and vaccine development. In this study, we isolated the gene encoding reverse transcriptase enzyme (RT) of SRV-2 that infected Indonesian cynomolgus monkey (Mf ET1006) and predicted the three dimensional structure model using the iterative threading assembly refinement (I-TASSER) computational programme. This SRV-2 RT Mf ET1006 consisted of 547 amino acids at nucleotide position 3284-4925 of whole genome SRV-2. The polymerase active site located in the finger/palm subdomain characterised by three conserved catalytic aspartates (Asp90, Asp165, Asp166), and has a highly conserved Y M DD motif as Tyr163, Met164, Asp165 and Asp166. We estimated that this SRV-2 RT Mf ET1006 structure has the accuracy of template modelling score (TM-score 0.90 ± 0.06) and root mean square deviation (RMSD) 4.7 ± 3.1Å, indicating that this model can be trusted and the accuracy can be seen from the appearance of protein folding in tertiary structure. The superpositionings between SRV-2 RT Mf ET1006 and Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) RT were performed to predict the structural in details and to optimise the best fits for illustrations. This SRV-2 RT Mf ET1006 structure model has the highest homology to HIV-1 RT (2B6A.pdb) with estimated accuracy at TM-score 0.911, RMSD 1.85 Å, and coverage of 0.953. This preliminary study of SRV-2 RT Mf ET1006 structure modelling is intriguing and provide some information to explore the molecular characteristic and biochemical mechanism of this enzyme., (© Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2020.)