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1. South East European International Institute for Sustainable Technologies (SEEIIST)

Author: Ugo Amaldi, Elena Benedetto, Sanja Damjanovic, Manjit Dosanjh, Marco Durante, Petya Georgieva, Thomas Haberer, Mark Plesko, Mimoza Ristova, Sandro Rossi, Nicholas Sammut, Mariusz Sapinski, Herwig Schopper, Hans Specht, Rudiger Voss, Maurizio Vretenar, and Horst Wenninger
Subjects: SEEIIST, Research Infrastructure, Particle Therapy, Cancer Treatment, South East Europe, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The South East European International Institute for Sustainable Technologies (SEEIIST) was proposed in 2016 at the World Academy of Art and Science, with the objective of building a facility for charged particle cancer therapy for the South Eastern European countries. SEEIIST will offer the world-class research needed to reduce or even revert the brain drain that is causing a shortage of talent and economic losses in South East Europe. There is no particle therapy in South-East Europe in spite of a growing number of cancers being diagnosed. The facility beam time will be shared 50:50 between treating patients and performing research with a wide spectrum of different light ions beyond the presently used protons and carbon ions, which will make the facility unique in the world. SEEIIST Project is presently in a Conceptual to a Design Phase, implemented with the support of the EU and the involvement of CERN and GSI. The next phase of the project realization will include a final technical design for the facility, a structure and a business plan for the organization and the definition of conditions for the site selection.
Published: 2021
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2. Gamma Factory for CERN initiative - progress report

Author: Kevin Cassou, Fabrizio Castelli, Vitoria Petrillo, Alexey Petrenko, Thibaut Lefèvre, Max Zolotorev, Valentine Fedosseev, Luca Serafini, Krzystof Dzierzega, Marco Zanetti, Pavel Antsiferov, Nicolo Biancacci, F. Kroeger, Stefano Redaelli, Mariusz Sapinski, Y. Peinaud, Laurence Nevay, A. Apyan, Alex Bogacz, Daniele Naturelli, Michaela Schaumann, Iryna Chaikovska, E.G. Bessonov, Aurélien Martens, Roderik Bruce, Szymon Putelny, Richard Scrivens, Detlef Kuchler, Kevin Dupraz, John Jowett, Christina Yin Vallgren, C. Curatolo, Arkadiusz Gorzawski, Jacek Bieron, Roberto Kersevan, Yann Dutheil, Django Manglunki, Ying Wu, Patrick Czodrowski, Wieslaw Placzek, A. Bosco, Francesco Maria Velotti, Mieczyslaw Witold Krasny, Thomas Stoehlker, Nuria Fuster Martinez, Magdalena Kowalska, Gunter Weber, Brennan Goddard, Simon Hirlander, Inga Tolstikhina, Mike Lamont, Hannes Bartosik, Bruce Marsh, Andrei Derevianko, Frank Zimmermann, Andrey Abramov, James Molson, Simon Rochester, Siobhan Alden, Fabian Zomer, Viacheslav Shevelko, Andrey Surzhykov, Stephen Gibson, Reyes Alemany Fernandez, Dmitry Budker, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: CERN Lab, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], chemistry.chemical_element, ion: beam, gamma ray: burst, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Xenon, law, 0103 physical sciences, lead: ion, 010306 general physics, Collider, activity report, Laser light, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Photon source, CERN SPS, Accelerators and Storage Rings, xenon, laser, chemistry, Factory (object-oriented programming), Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, ion, Beam (structure), performance
Abstract: International audience; The Gamma Factory (GF) initiative proposes to use partially stripped ion (PSI) beams as drivers of a new type of high-intensity and high-energy (0.1–400 MeV) photon source. As part of the ongoing Physics Beyond Collider studies, initial beam tests were carried out in 2017 and 2018 at the SPS and LHC with partially stripped xenon and lead beams. This contribution discusses the results of these tests and the preparations for the next GF R&D step: the proof-of-principle experiment at the SPS to study interaction of PSI beams with the laser light
Published: 2020
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3. The Gamma Factory Project at CERN: a New Generation of Research Tools Made of Light

Author: Yann Dutheil, Marco Zanetti, Thibaut Lefèvre, Wieslaw Placzek, John Jowett, Fabrizio Castelli, R. Kersevan, Ying Wu, Stephen Gibson, Alexey Petrenko, Iryna Chaikovska, S. Hirlander, I. Tolstikhina, Stefano Redaelli, S. M. Rochester, A. Bosco, Hannes Bartosik, F. Kroeger, A. Apyan, Y. Peinaud, E.G. Bessonov, Valentin Fedosseev, Kevin Dupraz, M. Lamont, Jacek Bieron, C. Curatolo, Fabian Zomer, K. Dzierzega, R. Alemany Fernandez, Arkadiusz Gorzawski, Vittoria Petrillo, Szymon Pustelny, F. Velotti, Max Zolotorev, Django Manglunki, Luca Serafini, Brennan Goddard, Mariusz Sapinski, Nicolo Biancacci, R. Bruce, M. W. Krasny, T. Stoehlker, C. Yin-Vallgren, A. Abramov, N. Fuster Martinez, Kevin Cassou, Siobhan Alden, P.S. Antsiferov, Aurélien Martens, Michaela Schaumann, Laurence Nevay, James Molson, Dmitry Budker, Bennett Marsh, G. Weber, Magdalena Kowalska, R. Scrivens, Andrei Derevianko, Andrey Surzhykov, D. Kuchler, Viacheslaw Shevelko, Patrick Czodrowski, A. Bogacz, Frank Zimmermann, Daniele Nutarelli, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Gamma Factory Working Group
Subjects: medicine, CERN Lab, Orders of magnitude (temperature), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], General Physics and Astronomy, Electron, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, Collimated light, ion: radioactivity, Nuclear physics, beam: relativistic, nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Atom, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Neutron, ddc:530, electron: beam, 010306 general physics, particle source, photon: beam, Physics, polarization, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, muon: beam, atom, nucleus, collimator, Nuclear power, secondary beam, laser, positron: beam, atomic physics, Factory (object-oriented programming), Physics::Accelerator Physics, business, talk
Abstract: Acta physica Polonica / B / Proceedings supplement 13(4), 645 (2020). doi:10.5506/APhysPolBSupp.13.645, Published by Inst. of Physics, Jagellonian Univ., Cracow
Published: 2020
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4. Validation of energy deposition simulations for proton and heavy ion losses in the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Author: Roderik Bruce, Luigi Salvatore Esposito, T. Baer, A. Lechner, Bernhard Auchmann, F. Cerutti, Belen Salvachua, Arnaud Ferrari, Mariusz Sapinski, Alessio Mereghetti, C. Bahamonde Castro, Michaela Schaumann, E. Skordis, Nikhil Vittal Shetty, F. Pietropaolo, Vasilis Vlachoudis, Stefano Redaelli, and John Jowett
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Large Hadron Collider, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Proton, Surfaces and Interfaces, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Nuclear physics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, lcsh:QC770-798, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Heavy ion, Nuclear Experiment, Deposition (chemistry), Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: Monte Carlo shower simulations are essential for understanding and predicting the consequences of beam losses in high-energy proton and ion colliders. Shower simulations are routinely used at CERN for estimating the beam-induced energy deposition, radiation damage, and radioactivity in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Comparing these shower simulations against beam loss measurements is an important prerequisite for assessing the predictive ability of model calculations. This paper validates fluka simulation predictions of beam loss monitor (BLM) signals against BLM measurements from proton fills at 3.5 and 4 TeV and $^{208}$Pb$^{82+}$ ion fills at 1.38A TeV. The paper addresses typical loss scenarios and loss mechanisms encountered in LHC operation, including proton collisions with dust particles liberated into the beams, halo impact on collimators in the betatron cleaning insertion, proton-proton collisions in the interaction points, and dispersive losses due to bound-free pair production in heavy ion collisions. Model predictions and measured signals generally match within a few tens of percent, although systematic differences were found to be as high as a factor of 3 for some regions and source terms.
Published: 2019
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5. Gamma Factory at CERN -- novel research tools made of light

Author: Dmitry Budker, Vittoria Petrillo, Ying Wu, Daniele Nutarelli, T. Stoehlker, Mariusz Sapinski, C. Yin-Vallgren, I. Tolstikhina, A. Surzhikov, Alke Martens, Laurence Nevay, Marco Zanetti, F. Kroeger, Mike Lamont, Fabrizio Castelli, C. Curatolo, Mieczyslaw Witold Krasny, Brennan Goddard, Alexey Petrenko, Aram Apyan, Magdalena Kowalska, I. Chaikovska, Hannes Bartosik, E.G. Bessonov, Max Zolotorev, A. Bogacz, Andrey Abramov, S. Hirlander, Simon M. Rochester, A. Bosco, Andrei Derevianko, Roderik Bruce, Thibaut Lefèvre, Siobhan Alden, Arkadiusz Gorzawski, Roberto Kersevan, Nicolo Biancacci, Stephen Gibson, K. Dupraz, Patrick Czodrowski, V. P. Shevelko, B. Marsh, Valentin Fedosseev, Michaela Schaumann, Jacek Bieron, Yann Dutheil, Django Manglunki, Frank Zimmermann, Wieslaw Placzek, G. Weber, Luca Serafini, N. Fuster Martinez, R. Alemany Fernandez, P.S. Antsiferov, James Molson, Fabian Zomer, K. Dzierzega, Szymon Pustelny, F. Velotti, S. Radaelli, Kevin Cassou, John Jowett, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Orders of magnitude (temperature), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, ddc:530, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, 010306 general physics, physics.ins-det, physics.acc-ph, Physics, Range (particle radiation), Muon, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Laser, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, Neutrino
Abstract: We discuss the possibility of creating novel research tools by producing and storing highly relativistic beams of highly ionised atoms in the CERN accelerator complex, and by exciting their atomic degrees of freedom with lasers to produce high-energy photon beams. Intensity of such photon beams would be by several orders of magnitude higher than offered by the presently operating light sources, in the particularly interesting gamma-ray energy domain of 0.1-400 MeV. In this energy range, the high-intensity photon beams can be used to produce secondary beams of polarised electrons, polarised positrons, polarised muons, neutrinos, neutrons and radioactive ions. New research opportunities in a wide domain of fundamental and applied physics can be opened by the Gamma Factory scientific programme based on the above primary and secondary beams., 12 pages; presented by W. Placzek at the XXV Cracow Epiphany Conference on Advances in Heavy Ion Physics, 8-11 January 2019, Cracow, Poland
Published: 2019
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6. CERN-RD39 collaboration activities aimed at cryogenic silicon detector application in high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider

Author: V. Eremin, Bernd Dehning, Jaakko Härkönen, E. M. Verbitskaya, Andreas Alexopoulos, C. Kurfurst, Mariusz Sapinski, M. Bartosik, and Zheng Li
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider, chemistry.chemical_element, Radiation, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Nuclear physics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Radiation damage, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Instrumentation, Radiation hardening, Superfluid helium-4
Abstract: Beam Loss Monitors (BLM) made of silicon are new devices for monitoring of radiation environment in the vicinity of superconductive magnets of the Large Hadron Collider. The challenge of BLMs is extreme radiation hardness, up to 10 16 protons/cm 2 while placed in superfluid helium (temperature of 1.9 K). CERN BE-BI-BL group, together with CERN-RD39 collaboration, has developed prototypes of BLMs and investigated their device physics. An overview of this development—results of the in situ radiation tests of planar silicon detectors at 1.9 K, performed in 2012 and 2014—is presented. Our main finding is that silicon detectors survive under irradiation to 1×10 16 p/cm 2 at 1.9 K. In order to improve charge collection, current injection into the detector sensitive region (Current Injection Detector (CID)) was tested. The results indicate that the detector signal increases while operated in CID mode.
Published: 2016
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7. A 3D diamond detector for particle tracking

Author: V. Sopko, Lars Graber, Martin Hoeferkamp, Arnulf Quadt, T. Hofmann, G. Parrini, Thorsten Wengler, R. Eusebi, Dominique Tromson, R. Kass, Vladimir Cindro, M. Menichelli, M. Pauluzzi, G. Chiodini, Dmitry Hits, J-Y. Hostachy, James Beacham, S. Kuleshov, Jing Wang, C. Tuve, Lorenzo Uplegger, G. Riley, Jens Janssen, H. Frais-Kölbl, R. Perrino, M. Kis, Bernd Dehning, Joel Goldstein, Anna Sfyrla, Andrea Scorzoni, Marc Dünser, Andrej Gorišek, Lukas Bäni, J. Hosslet, G. Shimchuk, Felix Bachmair, Fabian Hügging, R. Wallny, Daniel Dobos, V. K. Eremin, M. Zavrtanik, Mariusz Sapinski, Johann Collot, Silvio Sciortino, B. Sopko, Josh Moss, C. Mathieu, D.S. Smith, Arianna Morozzi, G. McGoldrick, Heinz Pernegger, Alexander Oh, E. Berdermann, A. Lo Giudice, B. Gui, E. Grigoriev, Robert Stone, T. Schreiner, G. Forcolin, Sally Seidel, Jacopo Forneris, Federico Picollo, W. De Boer, A. Bes, K. K. Gan, Paolo Olivero, Kevin Stenson, Leonello Servoli, K. Kanxheri, Gregor Kasieczka, V. Belyaev, C. Maazouzi, D. Chren, Jens Weingarten, C. Weiss, Nicola Venturi, Anne Dabrowski, H. Jansen, N. C. McFadden, V. Bellini, Joern Grosse-Knetter, Harris Kagan, Stefania Spagnolo, Alessandra Re, A. C. Taylor, M. Bartosik, Stephen Robert Wagner, C. Sutera, John Perry Cumalat, Michal Pomorski, Steve Schnetzer, Stéphane Costa, Gregor Kramberger, R. D׳alessandro, Laura Gonella, Matevz Cerv, R. Potenza, Ettore Vittone, B. Bentele, S. Murphy, Shaun Roe, Chav Chhiv Chau, William Trischuk, Stefano Lagomarsino, I. Haughton, Philippe Bergonzo, Jean-Marie Brom, Ana Lacoste, M. Yamouni, Stefan M Spanier, Gilles Claus, M. Traeger, Igor Mandić, A. A. Golubev, M. Gastal, Daniele Passeri, R. Mountain, P. Weilhammer, M. Scaringella, Moritz Guthoff, Dean Hidas, Jaap Velthuis, M. Goffe, Norbert Wermes, Marina Artuso, Mara Bruzzi, Marko Mikuž, Florian Kassel, Syracuse University, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania (INFN), Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], The National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) [Moscow, Russia], University of Colorado [Boulder], Helmholtz zentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH (GSI), Laboratoire Capteurs Diamant (LCD-LIST), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze (INFN, Sezione di Firenze), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), University of Toronto, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce (INFN, Sezione di Lecce), Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Jozef Stefan Institute [Ljubljana] (IJS), Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics [ETH Zürich] (IPA), Department of Physics [ETH Zürich] (D-PHYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), A.F. Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Texas A&M International University [Laredo], University of Manchester [Manchester], Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Fachhochschule Wiener Neustadt, University of Bristol [Bristol], Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics [Moscow] (ITEP), National Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute' (NRC KI), University of Bonn, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia (INFN, Sezione di Perugia), University of Karlsruhe (TH), Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH (MBH), Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH, Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Rutgers University [Camden], Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques (LCAE), Department of Anthropology [University of Toronto], Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Bonn = University of Bonn, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, and Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, CVD diamond, Solid state detectors, Tracking detectors, Instrumentation, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Chemical vapor deposition, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, Tracking (particle physics), 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, law.invention, symbols.namesake, diamond, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, detector, particles, tracking, Physics, business.industry, Diamond, Tracking detectors, Solid State Detectors, CVD diamond, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, 0104 chemical sciences, Electrode, Femtosecond, symbols, engineering, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy, business
Abstract: Proceedings of the 13th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors : Frontier Detectors for Frontier Physics, 24-30 May 2015, La Biodola, Italy.; International audience; In the present study, results towards the development of a 3D diamond sensor are presented. Conductive channels are produced inside the sensor bulk using a femtosecond laser. This electrode geometry allows full charge collection even for low quality diamond sensors. Results from testbeam show that charge is collected by these electrodes. In order to understand the channel growth parameters, with the goal of producing low resistivity channels, the conductive channels produced with a different laser setup are evaluated by Raman spectroscopy.
Published: 2016
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8. Space-charge distortion of transverse profiles measured by electron-based Ionization Profile Monitors and correction methods

Author: Mariusz Sapinski, Rahul Singh, and Dominik Vilsmeier
Subjects: Electromagnetic field, Physics, Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Brightness, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Surfaces and Interfaces, Electron, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, Computational physics, Magnetic field, Transverse plane, Distortion, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QC770-798, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Physics - Accelerator Physics, 010306 general physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract: Measurements of transverse profiles using ionization profile monitors (IPMs) for high brightness beams are affected by the electromagnetic field of the beam. This interaction may cause a distortion of the measured profile shape despite strong external magnetic field applied to impose limits on the transverse movement of electrons. The mechanisms leading to this distortion are discussed in detail. The distortion itself is described by means of analytic calculations for simplified beam distributions and a full simulation model for realistic distributions. Simple relation for minimum magnetic field scaling with beam parameters for avoiding profile distortions is presented. Further, application of machine learning algorithms to the problem of reconstructing the actual beam profile from distorted measured profile is presented. The obtained results show good agreement for tests on simulation data. The performance of these algorithms indicate that they could be very useful for operations of IPMs on high brightness beams or IPMs with weak magnetic field.
Published: 2018
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9. Application of nature-inspired optimization algorithms and machine learning for heavy-ion synchrotrons

Author: Dominik Vilsmeier, Wolfgang Geithner, Sabrina Appel, Mariusz Sapinski, Rahul Singh, and Stephan Reimann
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Optimization algorithm, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Signal reconstruction, business.industry, Particle swarm optimization, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Optimization methods, Heavy ion, Artificial intelligence, Nature inspired, 010306 general physics, business, computer
Abstract: The application of machine learning and nature-inspired optimization methods, like for example genetic algorithms (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) can be found in various scientific/technical areas. In recent years, these approaches are finding application in accelerator physics to a greater extent. In this paper, nature-inspired optimization as well as the machine learning will be shortly introduced and their application to the accelerator facility at GSI/FAIR will be presented. For the heavy-ion synchrotron SIS18 at GSI, the multi-objective GA/PSO optimization resulted in a significant improvement of multi-turn injection performance and subsequent transmission for intense beams. An automated injection optimization with genetic algorithms at the CRYRING@ESR ion storage ring has been performed. The usage of machine learning for a beam diagnostic application, where reconstruction of space-charge distorted beam profiles from ionization profile monitors is performed, will also be shown. First results and the experience gained will be presented.
Published: 2019
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10. Diamond Particle Detectors for High Energy Physics

Author: Florian Kassel, M. Goffe, Lars Graber, Gregor Kasieczka, Norbert Wermes, Paolo Olivero, Fabian Hügging, Renato Potenza, Ana Lacoste, V. Sopko, N. C. McFadden, Marina Artuso, K. Kanxheri, M. Gastal, Daniele Passeri, Kevin Stenson, Heinz Pernegger, Alexander Oh, E. Grigoriev, T. Schreiner, R. Mountain, P. Weilhammer, R. Perrino, Anne Dabrowski, W. Trischuk, Sally Seidel, Thorsten Wengler, Gregor Kramberger, Harris Kagan, K. K. Gan, Nicola Venturi, G. McGoldrick, Ettore Vittone, Martin Hoeferkamp, Vladimir Cindro, S. Murphy, V. Eremin, T. Hofmann, Steve Schnetzer, Joern Grosse-Knetter, Salvatore Costa, William Trischuk, Arnulf Quadt, Dean Hidas, L. Servoli, Monica Scaringella, G. Parrini, C. Weiss, Robert Stone, M. Zavrtanik, V. Belyaev, Jaap Velthuis, Stefano Lagomarsino, Jens Weingarten, Gabriele Chiodini, Dominique Tromson, R. Kass, Anna Sfyrla, W. De Boer, A. C. Taylor, Andrej Gorišek, Alessandra Re, Rainer Wallny, D. Chren, Daniel Dobos, Andrea Scorzoni, Stefan M Spanier, Mauro Menichelli, Jacopo Forneris, Shaun Roe, Bernd Dehning, M. Bartosik, H. Frais-Kölbl, Grant Riley, S. Kuleshov, Federico Picollo, John Perry Cumalat, C. Maazouzi, J. Collot, G. Shimchuk, J.-M. Brom, Lorenzo Uplegger, C. Manfredotti, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Dmitry Hits, Mariusz Sapinski, Felix Bachmair, V. Bellini, Arianna Morozzi, Josh Moss, E. Berdermann, C. M. Sutera, C. Mathieu, Lukas Bäni, A. Lo Giudice, G. Forcolin, M. Kis, A. Bes, Ricardo Eusebi, Stefania Spagnolo, Laura Gonella, Michal Pomorski, Matevz Cerv, Cristina Tuve, Jens Janssen, Wojciech Dulinski, J. Y. Hostachy, I. Haughton, Philippe Bergonzo, A. A. Golubev, Joel Goldstein, Mara Bruzzi, J. Hosslet, Jing Wang, M. Yamouni, H. Jansen, Stephen Robert Wagner, Gilles Claus, M. Traeger, B. Bentele, Igor Mandić, Chav Chhiv Chau, Moritz Guthoff, B. Sopko, Silvio Sciortino, S. Smith, M. Pauluzzi, Marko Mikuž, University of Toronto, Syracuse University, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), University of Catania [Italy], The National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) [Moscow, Russia], University of Colorado [Boulder], Helmholtz zentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH (GSI), Laboratoire Capteurs Diamant (LCD-LIST), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze (INFN, Sezione di Firenze), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce (INFN, Sezione di Lecce), Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Jozef Stefan Institute [Ljubljana] (IJS), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania (INFN), Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], University of Karlsruhe (TH), A.F. Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Texas A&M University [College Station], University of Manchester [Manchester], Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), University of Bristol [Bristol], Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics [Moscow] (ITEP), National Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute' (NRC KI), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), and Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Subjects: Particle physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle detectors, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, Tracking (particle physics), 01 natural sciences, High energy physics, Precision tracking, Radiation tolerance, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, 010302 applied physics, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Luminosity (scattering theory), Pixel, business.industry, System of measurement, Detector, ATLAS experiment, Electrical engineering, Diamond, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, engineering, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: Proceedings of the 37 International Conference on High Energy Physics (ICHEP 2014), 2-9 July 2014, Valencia, Spain. Editors M. Aguilar-Benítez, J. Fuster, S. Martí-García, A. Santamaría.; International audience; Diamond devices have now become ubiquitous in the LHC experiments, finding applications in beam background monitoring and luminosity measuring systems. This sensor material is now maturing to the point that the large pads in existing diamond detectors are being replaced by highly granular tracking devices, in both pixel and strip configurations, for detector systems that will be used in Run II at the LHC and beyond. The RD42 collaboration has continued to seek out additional diamond manufacturers and quantify the limits of the radiation tolerance of this material. The ATLAS experiment has recently installed, and is now commissioning a fully-fledged pixel tracking detector system based on diamond sensors. Finally, RD42 has recently demonstrated the viability of 3D biased diamond sensors that can be operated at very low voltages with full charge collection. These proceedings describe all of these advances.
Published: 2016
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11. An X-ray scanner for wire chambers

Author: P.K. Keener, Helena Danielsson, W. L. Ebenstein, Serge Smirnov, N. Dressnandt, F. Luehring, Daniel Froidevaux, H. Bertelsen, V. I. Vassilakopoulos, V. Bytchkov, Mariusz Sapinski, M. J. Price, Paula Eerola, J. Callahan, Anatoli Romaniouk, P. Farthouat, Y. Grichkevitch, B. Dolgoshein, Alevtina Shmeleva, H. O. Ogren, S.P. Konovalov, B. Lundberg, Andrea Catinaccio, T. P. A. Åkesson, V. Sosnovtsev, Vladimir Tikhomirov, Vladimir Peshekhonov, Douglas Benjamin, Vasiliki A Mitsou, E. Arik, E. Spiridenkov, A. Manara, A. Nadtochy, S. Soutchkov, H. H. Williams, M. D.M. CapeansGarrido, Z. Hajduk, Ketevi Assamagan, A. Cetin, G. D. Kekelidze, J.D. Hansen, Lidia Smirnova, Christoph Rembser, D. R. Rust, Viktor Kramarenko, Seog Oh, K. Kruger, Valery Schegelsky, S. Muraviev, Fridolin Dittus, R. VanBerg, K. Baker, K. W. McFarlane, Jolanta Olszowska, C. Wang, Tadeusz Z. Kowalski, S. V. Morozov, P. Cwetanski, and F. M. Newcomer
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Scanner, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, ATLAS experiment, Barrel (horology), Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Collimated light, Particle detector, Optics, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Transition radiation, Measuring instrument, business, Instrumentation, Beam (structure)
Abstract: The techniques to measure the position of sense wires and field wires, the gas gain and the gas flow rate inside wire chambers using a collimated and filtered X-ray beam are reported. Specific examples are given using barrel modules of the Transition Radiation Tracker of the ATLAS experiment.
Published: 2003
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12. Testing beam-induced quench levels of LHC superconducting magnets

Author: P. P. Granieri, M. Bednarek, J. Wenninger, Nikhil Vittal Shetty, F. Cerutti, Stefano Redaelli, Eva Barbara Holzer, Jens Steckert, E. Skordis, Markus Zerlauth, R. Schmidt, Agnieszka Priebe, Wolfgang Höfle, E Nebot Del Busto, Vera Chetvertkova, Roderik Bruce, Daniel Wollmann, Bernd Dehning, G Bellodi, Chiara Bracco, Daniel Valuch, T. Baer, Mariusz Sapinski, Belen Salvachua, Arjan Verweij, Matteo Solfaroli, A. Lechner, and Bernhard Auchmann
Subjects: Physics, Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Proton, FOS: Physical sciences, Surfaces and Interfaces, Superconducting magnet, Accelerators and Storage Rings, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Electromagnetic coil, law, Magnet, lcsh:QC770-798, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Beam dump, Collider, Beam (structure)
Abstract: In the years 2009-2013 the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has been operated with the top beam energies of 3.5 TeV and 4 TeV per proton (from 2012) instead of the nominal 7 TeV. The currents in the superconducting magnets were reduced accordingly. To date only seventeen beam-induced quenches have occurred; eight of them during specially designed quench tests, the others during injection. There has not been a single beam- induced quench during normal collider operation with stored beam. The conditions, however, are expected to become much more challenging after the long LHC shutdown. The magnets will be operating at near nominal currents, and in the presence of high energy and high intensity beams with a stored energy of up to 362 MJ per beam. In this paper we summarize our efforts to understand the quench levels of LHC superconducting magnets. We describe beam-loss events and dedicated experiments with beam, as well as the simulation methods used to reproduce the observable signals. The simulated energy deposition in the coils is compared to the quench levels predicted by electro-thermal models, thus allowing to validate and improve the models which are used to set beam-dump thresholds on beam-loss monitors for Run 2., Comment: 19 pages
Published: 2015

13. Expected performance of ATLAS for measurements of jets, b-jets, τ-jets, and ETmiss

Author: Mariusz Sapinski
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Particle physics, Missing energy, Large Hadron Collider, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Atlas (topology), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Nuclear fusion, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: Jets and missing energy are among the most important objects for LHC physics. The accuracy of measurements of missing energy and direction and energy of jets puts strong requirements on the detector performance. These requirements and the ATLAS Calorimeter system which is projected to fulfill these requirements are presented. The jet reconstruction algorithms and jet energy scale calibration are briefly discussed. Forward jet tagging, b-tagging and τ-tagging are important issues for many physics analyzes. Reconstruction of resonances is an example of complex use of calorimeter performance. Results presented here are based on simulation of the detector and the physics processes.
Published: 2002
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14. Development of silicon detectors for Beam Loss Monitoring at HL-LHC

Author: A. Shepelev, V. Eremin, A. G. Zabrodskii, N. Egorov, E. M. Verbitskaya, M. Bartosik, Federico Ravotti, M. Glaser, Mariusz Sapinski, A. Galkin, Andreas Alexopoulos, Bernd Dehning, Jaakko Härkönen, and A. Bogdanov
Subjects: Large Hadron Collider, Materials science, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Electrical engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Beam-line instrumentation (beam position and profile monitors, beam-intensity monitors, bunch length monitors), Cryogenic detectors, Radiation-hard detectors, equipment and supplies, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, Semiconductor detector, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Radiation damage, Optoelectronics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Irradiation, 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract: Silicon detectors were proposed as novel Beam Loss Monitors (BLM) for the control of the radiation environment in the vicinity of the superconductive magnets of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider. The present work is aimed at enhancing the BLM sensitivity and therefore the capability of triggering the beam abort system before a critical radiation load hits the superconductive coils. We report here the results of three in situ irradiation tests of Si detectors carried out at the CERN PS at 1.9–4.2 K. The main experimental result is that all silicon detectors survived irradiation up to 1.22× 1016 p/cm2. The third test, focused on the detailed characterization of the detectors with standard (300 μm) and reduced (100 μm) thicknesses, showed only a marginal difference in the sensitivity of thinned detectors in the entire fluence range and a smaller rate of signal degradation that promotes their use as BLMs. The irradiation campaigns produced new information on radiation damage and carrier transport in Si detectors irradiated at the temperatures of 1.9–4.2 K. The results were encouraging and permitted to initiate the production of the first BLM prototype modules which were installed at the end of the vessel containing the superconductive coil of a LHC magnet immersed in superfluid helium to be able to test the silicon detectors in real operational conditions.
Published: 2017
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15. Particle identification using the time-over-threshold method in the ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker

Author: K. W. McFarlane, V.V. Sosnovtsev, Arnaud Lucotte, P. Farthouat, H. Bertelsen, Y. Grichkevitch, P. T. Keener, A. Laritchev, B. Lundberg, N. Dressnandt, D. Barberis, Vladimir Peshekhonov, Serge Smirnov, Valery Schegelsky, E. Arik, H. O. Ogren, S. Muraviev, H. O. Danielsson, K. Baker, V Vassilakopoulos, Vasiliki A Mitsou, B. A. Dolgoshein, P. Lichard, Fridolin Dittus, Jolanta Olszowska, Lidia Smirnova, Ketevi Assamagan, E. Spiridenkov, Alevtina Shmeleva, S. Soutchkov, Tadeusz Kowalski, S.P. Konovalov, D. R. Rust, R. Van Berg, Viktor Kramarenko, A. Mailov, G. D. Kekelidze, Paula Eerola, C. Wang, W. L. Ebenstein, Anatoli Romaniouk, David Rousseau, Seog Oh, A. Krivchitch, J. Callahan, F. M. Newcomer, S. V. Morozov, V. Bytchkov, E. L. Barberio, V. O. Tikhomirov, Torsten Paul Ake Åkesson, H. H. Williams, Z. Hajduk, F. Luehring, Daniel Froidevaux, Christoph Rembser, Mariusz Sapinski, John H. L. Hansen, A. Manara, A. Nadtochy, and Andrea Catinaccio
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Monte Carlo method, Detector, Charged particle, Particle identification, Particle detector, Computational physics, Nuclear physics, medicine.anatomical_structure, Transition radiation, Atlas (anatomy), medicine, Measuring instrument, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation
Abstract: Test-beam studies of the ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT) straw tube performance in terms of electron–pion separation using a time-over-threshold method are described. The test-beam data are compared with Monte Carlo simulations of charged particles passing through the straw tubes of the TRT. For energies below 10 GeV , the time-over-threshold method combined with the standard transition-radiation cluster-counting technique significantly improves the electron–pion separation in the TRT. The use of the time-over-threshold information also provides some kaon–pion separation, thereby significantly enhancing the B-physics capabilities of the ATLAS detector.
Published: 2001
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16. Indirect dark matter search with AMS-02

Author: Mariusz Sapinski
Subjects: Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Monte Carlo method, Dark matter, Scalar field dark matter, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, symbols.namesake, Weakly interacting massive particles, International Space Station, symbols, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, Planck, Engineering (miscellaneous)
Abstract: The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) is a high energy particle physics experiment in space to be placed on the International Space Station (ISS) in 2006 for a three years mission. The main physics goals in the astroparticle domain are the anti-matter and the dark matter searches. Some results of Monte Carlo feasibility study of the AMS detector sensitivity to indirect dark matter searches are presented. PACS: 95.35.+d Dark matter (stellar, interstellar, galactic, and cosmological) – 98.70.Sa Cosmic rays (including sources, origin, acceleration, and interactions)
Published: 2003
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17. Beam Loss Monitoring for LHC Machine Protection

Author: Ewald Effnger, Markus Nagel, C Kurfuerst, Annika Nordt, Eduardo Nebot Del Busto, Eva Barbara Holzer, Christos Zamantzas, C Roderick, V. Grishin, Csaba Hajdu, Jonathan Emery, A Marsili, Bernd Dehning, S. Jackson, Mariusz Sapinski, and Marek Misiowiec
Subjects: Physics, Large Hadron Collider, beam loss, Nuclear engineering, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Tevatron, Ranging, Physics and Astronomy(all), quench protection, Collimated light, beam instrumentation, Magnet, Ionization, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, damage protection, machine protection, Energy (signal processing), Beam (structure)
Abstract: The energy stored in the nominal LHC beams is two times 362 MJ, 100 times the energy of the Tevatron. As little as 1 mJ/cm 3 deposited energy quenches a magnet at 7 TeV and 1 J/cm 3 causes magnet damage. The beam dumps are the only places to safely dispose of this beam. One of the key systems for machine protection is the beam loss monitoring (BLM) system. About 3600 ionization chambers are installed at likely or critical loss locations around the LHC ring. The losses are integrated in 12 time intervals ranging from 40 μs to 84 s and compared to threshold values defined in 32 energy ranges. A beam abort is requested when potentially dangerous losses are detected or when any of the numerous internal system validation tests fails. In addition, loss data are used for machine set-up and operational verifications. The collimation system for example uses the loss data for set-up and regular performance verification. Commissioning and operational experience of the BLM are presented: The machine protection functionality of the BLM system has been fully reliable; the LHC availability has not been compromised by false beam aborts.
Published: 2012

18. Handling of the LHC Beam Loss Monitoring system abort thresholds

Author: S. Jackson, A. Skaugen, Mariusz Sapinski, E Nebot, G Kruk, M. Nemcic, Markus Nagel, Christos Zamantzas, Bernd Dehning, Annika Nordt, Eva Barbara Holzer, A. Orecka, and C Roderick
Subjects: Set (abstract data type), Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Particle shower, Monte Carlo method, Detector, Process (computing), Energy (signal processing), Beam (structure), Simulation
Abstract: The LHC Beam Loss Monitoring system (BLM) makes use of approximately 4000 detectors located around the 27 km ring. Its main purpose is to protect all critical elements of the LHC by requesting a beam abort when the measured losses exceed any of the predefined threshold levels. The BLM system integrates the acquired signals in 12 different continuously updated time intervals, spanning from 40 us to 83.8 s, enabling for a different set of abort thresholds depending on the duration of the beam loss. Furthermore, the system takes into account 32 energy steps, from 450 GeV to 7 TeV, as the energy density of a particle shower increases with the energy of the primary particle, i.e. the beam energy and the magnet coil quench level decreases with its increasing current. Due to the differences on the elements under protection and the position of the detector in the tunnel, the system is required to allow a unique set of thresholds per detector. Such thresholds are originally based on thermodynamical arguments and Monte Carlo simulations and tuned with data recorded during the LHC run. The evolution of the BLM thresholds is described in this document. Moreover, the necessity of one set of thresholds per detector requires approximately 1.5E6 to be handled and sent to the appropriate processing modules for the system to function. This thresholds are extremely critical for the safety of the machine. Thus,well established procedures to compute, store and check new or changed threshold values have been defined. In order to avoid human errors, discover non-conformities and voids in the protection during manipulations, sanity checks and constrains have been embedded in the tools. The procedures, as well as the tools developed to automate this process are described in detail in this document.
Published: 2011
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19. First experiences with the LHC BLM sanity checks

Author: Ewald Effinger, Mariusz Sapinski, Bernd Dehning, Annika Nordt, Jonathan Emery, and Christos Zamantzas
Subjects: Large Hadron Collider, Event (computing), Computer science, business.industry, Abort, Project commissioning, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Electrical engineering, Reliability engineering, law.invention, law, Electronics, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Collider, business, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Reliability (statistics)
Abstract: The reliability concerns have driven the design of the Large Hardron Collider (LHC) Beam Loss Monitoring (BLM) system from the early stage of the studies up to the present commissioning and the latest development of diagnostic tools. To protect the system against non-conformities, new ways of automatic checking have been developed and implemented. These checks are regularly and systematically executed by the LHC operation team to ensure that the system status is after each test "as good as new". The sanity checks are part of this strategy. They are testing the electrical part of the detectors (ionisation chamber or secondary emission detector), their cable connections to the front-end electronics, further connections to the back-end electronics and their ability to request a beam abort. During the installation and in the early commissioning phase, these checks have shown their ability to find also non-conformities caused by unexpected failure event scenarios. In every day operation, a non-conformity discovered by this check inhibits any further injections into the LHC until the check confirms the absence of non-conformities.
Published: 2010

20. The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer Silicon Tracker: Performance results with protons and helium nuclei

Author: R. Ionica, A.I. Oliva, W. Wallraff, C. Zurbach, M. Pohl, J. Alcaraz, Roberto Battiston, Mariusz Sapinski, E. Perrin, Paolo Zuccon, E. Cortina, Maria Ionica, M. Paniccia, G. Esposito, N. Dinu, Behcet Alpat, P. Azzarello, E. Fiandrini, D. Haas, W. J. Burger, C. Lechanoine-Leluc, A. Lebedev, Mauro Menichelli, V. Koutsenko, J. Bolmont, Sadakazu Haino, G. Lamanna, M. Capell, Andrei Kounine, F. Cardano, B. Bertucci, Hrachya Hakobyan, Yuan-Hann Chang, M. Pauluzzi, M. Bourquin, V. Choutko, Giovanni Ambrosi, S. Natale, D. Rapin, I. Sevilla, C.H. Lin, and A. Jacholkowska
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmic-ray detectors, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, ddc:500.2, Charged particle spectrometers, Spectral line, Relativistic particle, Spaceborne and space research instruments, Nuclear physics, Tracking and position sensitive detectors, Rigidity (electromagnetism), chemistry, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, Specific energy, Instrumentation, Helium
Abstract: The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer is designed for a long duration measurement of the cosmic-ray spectra at an altitude of 400 km. The particle rigidity and specific energy loss are measured by a silicon tracker located in a 0.8 T field. Ground results for the position resolution, detection efficiency and charge determination for singly and doubly charged relativistic particles are presented and discussed in the context of the spaceborne detector.
Published: 2008

21. Accuracy of LHC proton loss rate determination by the BLM system

Author: C.W. Fabjan, Bernd Dehning, M. Stockner, Mariusz Sapinski, Daniel B. Kramer, and Eva Barbara Holzer
Subjects: Cryostat, Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, DESY, Superconducting magnet, HERA, Accelerators and Storage Rings, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Beam dump, Quadrupole magnet, Beam (structure)
Abstract: Most of the monitors of the LHC beam loss monitoring (BLM) system are installed on the outside of the magnet cryostats, around the quadrupole magnets. Their aim is to prevent quenches and to protect the super-conducting magnets from damage. The lost beam particles initiate hadronic showers through the magnets and deposit energy in the coils. The gas filled BLM ionization chambers probe the very far transverse tail of the showers. The BLM system relies on GEANT simulations and controll measurements to determine the relation between the chamber signal, the number of lost beam particles and the energy deposited in the magnet coil. The specification of the BLM system includes a factor of two in absolute precision on the final prediction of the quench levels. As the shower tails are not necessarily well represented by particle simulation codes, it is crucial to experimentally determine the accuracy of these simulations. An LHC type BLM system was installed at the internal beam dump of HERA at DESY since 2005. The hadronic showers created by the impacting 39GeV and 920GeV protons have been simulated with GEANT4. The far transverse tails of the showers on the outside of the dump have been measured by ionization chambers. This paper will present the comparison of simulation to measurement and the conclusions drawn for the LHC BLM system.
Published: 2007
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22. High Energy Photon Flux Prediction from Neutralino Annihilation in the Globular Cluster Palomar 13

Author: E. Giraud, Pierre Salati, Richard Taillet, A. Jacholkowska, Frederic Piron, Karsten Jedamzik, A. Falvard, Julien Lavalle, Mariusz Sapinski, E. Nuss, George Meylan, and Gilbert Moultaka
Subjects: Galactic halo, Physics, Flux (metallurgy), High energy photon, Annihilation, Globular cluster, Neutralino, Photon flux, Cluster (physics), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: The distant globular cluster Palomar 13 has been found to have a very high mass-to-light ratio and its profile can be well fitted either by a King model with a tail, or with a NFW model. This cluster may be the first case of the many clumps predicted by CDM simulations that would not be disrupted by the galactic halo potential. We make the hypothesis that Pal 13 is made of neutralinos and run the DarkSuspect code to estimate the high-energy photon flux due to the annihilation of neutralinos through various channels in some benchmark scenarios. These low fluxes may be used as targets to be reached in proposals for future ground-based high altitude Cerenkov telescopes.
Published: 2006
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23. High Energy Photon Flux Prediction from Neutralino Annihilation in M 31

Author: Edmond Giraud, E. Nuss, Frederic Piron, A. Jacholkowska, Gilbert Moultaka, Richard Taillet, Karsten Jedamzik, Mariusz Sapinski, Pierre Salati, Julien Lavalle, and A. Falvard
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Particle physics, High energy photon, Annihilation, Neutralino, Flux
Published: 2003
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24. Supersymmetric dark matter in M31: can one see neutralino annihilation with CELESTE?

Author: F Piron, Karsten Jedamzik, G Moultaka, Mariusz Sapinski, A. Jacholkowska, Pierre Salati, A. Falvard, Julien Lavalle, E. Giraud, E. Nuss, and Richard Taillet
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Hot dark matter, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Lightest Supersymmetric Particle, Dark matter halo, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Mixed dark matter, Warm dark matter, Light dark matter, Dark fluid, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: It is widely believed that dark matter exists within galaxies and clusters of galaxies. Under the assumption that this dark matter is composed of the lightest, stable supersymmetric particle, assumed to be the neutralino, the feasibility of its indirect detection via observations of a diffuse gamma-ray signal due to neutralino annihilations within M31 is examined. To this end, first the dark matter halo of the close spiral galaxy M31 is modeled from observations, then the resultant gamma-ray flux is estimated within supersymmetric model configurations. We conclude that under favorable conditions such as the rapid accretion of neutralinos on the central black hole in M31 and/or the presence of many clumps inside its halo with $r^{-3/2}$ inner profiles, a neutralino annihilation gamma-ray signal is marginally detectable by the ongoing collaboration CELESTE., Comment: Latex, 32 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables
Published: 2002
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25. Effects of the correction of renal artery stenosis on blood pressure, renal function and left ventricular morphology

Author: WsODZIMIERZ Januszewicz, Magdalena Januszewicz, A. Kuch-Wocial, Marcin Kurzyna, Andrzej Januszewicz, Olgierd Rowiński, Cezary Szmigielski, Grzegorz MAsEK, Bartosz Symonides, Jacek Szmidt, Jolanta Chodakowska, Mariusz sAPINSKI, and Hanna Berent
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, medicine.medical_treatment, Heart Ventricles, Renal function, Cardiomegaly, Fibromuscular dysplasia, Revascularization, Renal artery stenosis, Kidney, Renal Artery Obstruction, Restenosis, medicine.artery, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, Medicine, Albuminuria, Humans, Prospective Studies, Renal artery, Aged, business.industry, Angioplasty, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Stenosis, Blood pressure, Echocardiography, Hypertension, Cardiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of renal artery stenosis (RAS) correction in hypertensive patients on 24 h SBP, 24 h DBP, creatinine clearance (GFR), urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and LV morphology and mass (LVMI). A total of 61 hypertensive patients with RAS undergoing PTRA and/or surgical treatment entered the prospective study. The final analysis was done in 44 patients (age range 45.8 +/- 16.2 years) with RAS (atherosclerosis (ASC) 31 patients, fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) 12 patients, arteritis 1 patient) who underwent PTRA (34 patients) or surgical treatment (10 patients) and presented no Doppler signs of restenosis (or a new stenosis) during 1-year observation. The pre-interventional assessment repeated after 6 and 12 months included ABPM, GFR, UAE and echocardiography. The results were analysed in the combined group (CG) and in according aetiology. 24 h SBP and 24 h DBP decreased in all groups 6 months post-intervention and did not change further. Cure of HT was observed in 35% and 29% of ASC patients at 6 and 12 months respectively; and in 58% of FMD patients. Failure rate at 12 months was 48% in ASC against 25% in FMD. The mean GFR in CG was higher 12 months after intervention. The increase in GFR was noted in 45% of patients, the decrease in 25% of patients at 12 months. Normal values of UAE were found in 71% of patients, pre- and post-intervention alike. Mean LVMI and number of patients with LVH in CG decreased already during the initial 6 months post-intervention and did not change further. In conclusion, correction of RAS leads to cure of or improved control of hypertension in the majority of the patients with FMD, but in the ASC group in about half of cases no BP cure or improvement was seen. The renal function was improved or stable in two-thirds of patients after revascularization. Successful renal revascularization was followed by regression of LVH, which was evident within 6 months post-intervention.
Published: 1999

26. ATLAS DETECTOR AND PHYSICS PERFORMANCE TECHNICAL DESIGN REPORT

Author: John Baines, T. Yang, J. Dodd, J-M. Noppe, S. Meuser, T. Embry, Ludovico Pontecorvo, V. V. Lapin, Alexander Cheplakov, S. P. Baranov, S. R. Hou, S. Errede, Valerio Vercesi, D. J. Schotanus, M. Keil, J. Stastny, H. Wellenstein, V.V. Gilevsky, W. J. Murray, I. A. Pless, Pavol Strizenec, J. Salt, V. A. Korotkov, Peter Jenni, M. Tadel, F. Tang, E. Sayouty, F. Rossel, J. M. Butterworth, W. Burris, M. El Kacimi, Akira Yamamoto, Ph. Demierre, Polina Kuzhir, Y. Jacquier, D. Hayes, A. Krivchitch, S. W. O'Neale, H. Ten Kate, F. Waldner, Petr Sicho, F. M. Newcomer, G. Chiefari, Jianqiao Ye, G. Lehmann, M. A. Dobbs, Yu.A. Khokhlov, Francesco Spanò, L. Holm, K. J. Anderson, H. Drevermann, Ph Martin, D.J. Martin, A. Atag, S. M. Fisher, H. van der Bij, Odette Benary, Mihai Caprini, C. Brouwer, M. Holder, M. Franklin, F. E. Taylor, P.R. Turner, Sam Daniel Mullin, G. Sette, V.A. Onuchin, J. Sorokina, Joleen Pater, Hiroshi Sakamoto, V.I. Sirotenko, Simon George, P. G. Estabrooks, R. K. Keeler, D. Glenzinsky, A. Astvatsaturov, Takahiko Kondo, L. S. Peak, A. G. Clark, Yu. Merzlyakov, F. Crijns, B. Canton, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, K. Jon-And, M. Vassiliou, D. Bocian, F. Haug, Sp. Dedoussis, J. J. Thaler, Rupert Leitner, M. Tyndel, Osamu Sasaki, V. Filimonov, P. Stassi, D. Kuhn, M. Spitalieri, F. Zuffranieri, J. Hrivnac, John Hart, Yu.I. Salomatin, A. Lebedev, G. Blanchot, David Francis, Marcello Fanti, A.G. Shamov, Stefan Koperny, Susanne Kersten, Theodora Papadopoulou, B. Kaan, G. Reinmuth, Kaushik De, B. Yang, L. Tuura, R. Hashemi-Nezhad, J. Pouxe, Th. Baer, A. Kerr, Uwe Bratzler, O. Martin, Patrick Fassnacht, J. M. Lopez, D. Calvet, G. Martin-Chassard, Vincent Hedberg, D. Sopromadze, Sylvain Fichet, A. Ferrer, Serge Smirnov, T. Lari, C. Zeitnitz, B. Dulny, M.V. Kuzmin, T. Kohriki, Vasiliki A Mitsou, P. M. Watkins, Elemer Nagy, M. Wunsch, R. J. Cashmore, Fridolin Dittus, V.V. Bryzgalov, D. Axen, Stephane Jezequel, Tomas Davidek, Edward Diehl, D. Breton, Shlomo Dado, B. Nicquevert, Bengt Lund-Jensen, L. Gustafsson, A. N. Sissakian, B. G. Pope, Daniel Lellouch, Laurent Vacavant, K. Hashemi, R. Beccherle, A.M. Lee, J. Fent, H. Schuijlenburg, A. Onofre, J. M. Crespo, M. Cambiaghi, T. Hansl-Kozanecka, V. V. Tokmenin, Andreas Petridis, M. Cailles, Anna Zuzana Dubnickova, Vitaliano Chiarella, H. A. Neal, Y. Iwata, K. Zitek, A. Perus, D. Bintinger, H.J. Rzayev, J. Ludvig, M. L. Ferrer, Henry Lubatti, Alexi Gongadze, Giovanni Darbo, P. N. Ratoff, J. F. Martin, D. Fasssouliotis, Paolo Camarri, Stefan Tapprogge, J. Vanko, A. Maio, Cheng Chen, Sylvain Tisserant, Sk Noor Alam, S. Rizek, S. Cologna, Yu. Gouz, A. V. Akimov, A. Artamonov, Jolanta Olszowska, D. Manjavidze, Andrej Filipcic, B. Rolker, Georges Azuelos, Alberto Aloisio, Krzysztof Piotrzkowski, A. Greenall, H. Groenstege, C. Mayri, V. M. Malyshev, Helmut Vincke, Barry King, F. Alessandria, B. Thooris, J. Drees, I. O. Skillicorn, Z. Metreveli, Veljko Radeka, Thomas Trefzger, T. Liu, P. Rosinsky, H. Wahlen, J. Proudfoot, V. Snyatkov, D.G. Ebling, J. Ludwig, Lidia Smirnova, Laurent Chevalier, R. Arsenescu, A. Tchountonov, I. Tsoukerman, Javier Lozano, Ian Hinchliffe, A. Di Ciaccio, C. Hebrard, Evgeny Starchenko, K. Runge, T. Dubbs, B. Athar, A. Airapetian, W. Heubers, Z. Khorguashvili, A. Chekhtman, K. Mahboubi, J. Silva, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, M. Kucera, G. Hughes, Bianca Osculati, V. Grabsky, R. Yoshida, J.L. Beney, R. E. Hughes-Jones, Ryuichi Takashima, M. Jirina, M. Mencik, W. Ockenfels, F. Gianotti, N. D. Topilin, N. A. McCubbin, V. Soergel, K. Pretzl, B. Zhang, Martin Hoeferkamp, Alexander Borissov, Evangelos Gazis, S.C. Timm, I.E. Chirikov-Zorin, Petr Tas, S. H. Oh, S. Leven, Alan Poppleton, J. Weichert, R. Tirler, S. A. Robins, Yoshio Arai, Claude Guyot, I. Stekl, F. Kong, Bertrand Laforge, K. H. Becks, Leonardo Paolo Rossi, A. Liolios, E. Marschalkowski, John H. L. Hansen, P. Schwemling, S. Kullander, V. Kovtun, Marina Cobal, Oleg Fedin, O. 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Imori, D. P. Stoker, Y. A. Gornushkin, P. Werneke, H. Sanders, M. Sinor, J.R. Hubbard, Are Strandlie, Uli Schaefer, Alison Holmes, D. Fortin, M.Yu. Bogoliubsky, Craig Buttar, A. P. Vorobiev, S. Negroni, G. N. Taylor, R. J. Sobie, D. Greenfield, Pierre Jarron, Dominique Pallin, James Pinfold, Michele Livan, R. E. Blair, P. Kubinec, J. Armitage, Halina Bilokon, R.W. Hatley, E. Delagnes, S. Cheng, M. Kostrikov, T.-M. Chou, F. Butin, B. Tanoren, D. A. Forbush, Fernando Marroquim, R. Engelmann, Marco Schioppa, F. Cerutti, Z. Sun, Gerard Montarou, W. J. Metzger, V. Tchepournov, Graham Thompson, G. Tzanakos, Anton Jusko, H. O. Ogren, D. Errede, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, N.A. Russakovich, F. Kaioumov, H. Carling, C. Linder, M. Dameri, E. Spencer, Ryszard Stroynowski, A. Duchesneau, Jan Godlewski, E. Fede, Andrei Snesarev, J. Klereborn, Wladyslaw Dabrowski, A. Moszczynski, B. Aubert, M. Ryabinin, B. Dulach, David Howell, P-Y. Duval, J. D. Hansen, Sanda Dita, H. Wu, T. P. A. Åkesson, Ladislav Andricek, A. Joshi, C. Gruhn, Francesca Campabadal, Th. Lagouri, Elliott Cheu, V. Goryatchev, M. Virchaux, M. Boosten, A. Kazymov, P. Amaral, N. Hoimyr, F. R. Wappler, Fabian Huegging, A. M. Zaitsev, O. Cloue, E. Neuheimer, G. Chlachidze, R. W. Clifft, Ilias Efthymiopoulos, John Huth, Y. Fu, Margret Fincke-Keeler, P. Borgeaud, S. Moccia, V.J.O. Perera, Claude Leroy, V. Kallinikov, V. V. Ammosov, A. Fedorov, Igor Potrap, A. Dael, L. E. Price, R Chytracek, Masahiro Ikeno, Alan Litke, M. Mazzanti, A. A. Carter, M. Engstrom, Vadim Kostyukhin, M. Luptak, J.G. Lynch, Aldo Saavedra, F. Andre, M. Blagov, V. Jemanov, Francesco Lacava, Philip Phillips, E. K. Johansson, U. Egede Anderson, R. Bonino, J.L. Chevalley, Jing Li, M. Fedotov, E. Casarejos, G.F. Xu, S. Kakurin, Pavlos Ioannou, D. Buira-Clarke, A. Manz, A. Pacheco, D.M. Hughes, Andrea Dell'Acqua, Richard H. Milburn, H. H. Williams, Stephen Haywood, I. Ivaniouchenkov, Yu. Merekov, H. Dietl, Alexei Maslennikov, Paul O'Connor, F. Parodi, T. Sasaki, M. Ackers, J. P. Dauvergne, C. Bohm, José Paulo Santos, Steinar Stapnes, F. Bertinelli, Valery Schegelsky, R. J. Thompson, Ilya Korolkov, Tim Jones, E. Spiridenkov, Giuseppe Mornacchi, E.J. Buis, M. G. Alviggi, P. Holik, C. N. P. Gee, S. Dubnicka, S. L. Lloyd, Stephen Maxfield, Bin Zhou, S. J. De Jong, H. F.W. Sadrozinski, Claudia Gemme, M. Speransky, H. Fujii, P. Staaf, Vladimir Vinogradov, F.P. Juster, JG Sanchez, F. Cataneo, A. Feshenko, M. Turala, A. Putzer, Z. Oussoubov, V. Boldea, R. Dankers, Ivan Sykora, Armin Michael Nairz, M. Ljablin, Tadeusz Kowalski, Giuseppe Francesco Tartarelli, W.K. McFarlane, P. Rewiersma, K. Borer, S. Kolos, R. Lay, Aleandro Nisati, An. Zalite, G. Battistoni, P. Imbert, Marek Idzik, O. Gachelin, G. Perrot, G. Polesello, G. L. Usai, J.P. Taguet, D. Rousseau, T. Fahlund, J. Budagov, A. Pazin, Michel Lefebvre, H. Landesman, Igor Alexandrov, Th.A.M. Wijnen, I. M. Gregor, V. Paolone, H. Guldenmann, Juan Fuster, F. Henry-Couannier, A. Reichold, Helio Takai, M. Webel, H. van Hille, J. Riabov, P. Girtler, Sonia González, S. Loken, Dimos Sampsonidis, H. Kristiansen, D. J. Munday, A. Webster, L. Drage, Jozef Masarik, Oliver Kortner, M. Rey-Campagnolle, M. Crouau, J-P. Coulon, A. Gomes, R. Caloi, Marco Fraternali, V. A. Gapienko, J.K. Mayer, V. G. Bondarenko, J. Kaplon, M. Schaller, Dirk Meier, M. E. Sevior, R. E. Hall, C. Del Papa, B. Szeless, F. Lugiez, M. Ibbotson, Y. B. Pan, B. Sellden, K. Kipiani, R. Kowalewski, H. Brettel, Giovanni Maccarrone, Vaclav Vrba, H. Kagan, A.Yu. Dushkin, Paula Eerola, F. Lemeilleur, G. Parrour, J. Petersen, A. R. Gillman, C. Caso, F. Desages, R. Kluit, Tomiyoshi Haruyama, J. Ernwein, Petra Riedler, Francois Touchard, Y. Usov, R. K. Mommsen, A. Placci, C. Hackett, P. Birney, A. T. Watson, A.S. Vovenko, Domizia Orestano, L. Zhichao, A. Marshal, Zdenek Dolezal, T.P. Shah, R. Lednicky, R. Marshall, D. J. White, C. Onions, L. Bugge, Abdeslam Hoummada, B. Gastineau, G. G. Hanson, S. Tatsis, B. McCarthy, L. Topchishvili, J. Damet, G.G.G. Massaro, Y. Pabot, B. Schoefer, R. A. Richards, B. Yu, J. Grunhaus, C. De La Taille, G. Bachy, A. Dos Anjos, G.J. Tappern, L. Xue, Elizabeth Gallas, A. B. Fenyuk, Halina Abramowicz, Cristian Stanescu, D. Attree, Ovsat Abdinov, Marko Mikuz, G. F. Susinno, N. Lupu, B. Alikov, T. J. Brodbeck, Claudio Luci, M. Mur, A. Soldatov, S. Los, R. Boyd, M. L. Andrieux, J. Freestone, Hans Peter Beck, W.W. Armstrong, A. Akhoundov, M. A. Shupe, P.G. Bright-Thomas, V. Shigaev, D. Hauff, M. Qi, R. Gomes, F. Machefert, A. V. Pleskach, Ch. Guicheney, A. Gazizov, G.G. Stairs, V.D. Khovansky, A. Khelashvili, R. Van Berg, C. Daum, E. Vernay, T. Del Prete, John Rutherfoord, Massimo Caccia, P. R. Norton, V. Kozlov, Maria Curatolo, V. Khomoutnikov, S. Tokar, P. D. Grannis, V. Zmouchhko, Ehud Duchovni, Vladimir Peshekhonov, P. Coe, José Bernabéu, M. Roney, A. Seiden, Wolfgang Walkowiak, A. Nadtochy, M. Deile, B.F. Wadsworth, O. Kuznetsov, Paolo Musico, Helmut Wolters, S. Lauxtermann, C. Weaverdyck, Peter Schacht, Y. Zolnierowski, V. Kalinichenko, J. Soukup, R. Gurin, Filippo Ceradini, Manolis Dris, B. Vuandel, S. Chouridou, M. Treichel, S. Berglund, Nicolas Ellis, M. Napolitano, Jorge Gomes, Michael Haney, A. T. Doyle, L. Labarga, N. Giokaris, S. J. Hillier, F. Hakl, Satoshi Tanaka, Andrei Micu, António Amorim, C. Rondot, J. Teiger, Srinivasan Rajagopalan, V.V. Tikhonov, D. Burckhart, A. Chilingarov, Irene Vichou, B. A. Dolgoshein, Leanne P. Guy, M. Vanickova, L.J. Carroll, W. Sippach, G. J. Bobbink, M. S. Dixit, Francisco Camarena, V. Medvedev, Yann Coadou, G. Ciapetti, G. Yarygin, Laurent Serin, John Hill, Alain Bellerive, L. Nodulman, A. Le Coreller, Igor Soloviev, Venetios Polychronakos, Gregor Kramberger, J. Pinhao, J. M. Maugain, Gary Drake, Anatoli Romaniouk, Horst Severini, Susumu Terada, Andreas Kugel, P.A. Fischer, M.V. Castillo, K. Amako, Y. Ermoline, J. Bohm, L. Miralles, R. Cherkaoui, Vyacheslav Klyukhin, B.J. Green, François Fleuret, A. B. Wicklund, Hubert Kroha, P. Karst, Asunción Moreno, M. I. Gostkin, E. Chesi, G. J. Feldman, S. Protopopescu, N. Seguin-Moreau, C. Girard, X. Meng, Chiara Roda, J. Bystricky, M. Leltchouk, S. Lami, J. Thion, B. Hallgren, A. Shikanyan, D.C. Rahm, Dominique Durand, S.N. Tovey, K. Soustruznik, S. Kashigin, S. Golubykh, E. Ros, A.B. Erasov, Fr Pastore, A. Batrakov, Kevin Einsweiler, O. Dorholt, I.L. Pisarev, Yu M. Sviridov, L. Koepke, N. Kundu, P. Weilhammer, A. Khasanov, V. Paschhoff, H. M. Braun, Hiroyuki Iwasaki, J.C. Pena, S. Pier, T.R. McMahon, F. Vales, Dorothee Schaile, R. Ball, J. N. Jackson, Per Werner, R. Irsigler, Genady Gavrilov, R.L. Wastie, D.E. Baynham, I.J. Scott, W. Kittel, Y. Zamora, V. Kravtsov, I. Valin, S. Jagielski, Allan Hallgren, R. J. Homer, Antonio Baroncelli, Ulrich Landgraf, Yu.V. Gilitsky, A. Shalyugin, G. W. Brandenburg, Aston Komar, F. Podlyski, L. Shaver, J-C. Clemens, J-P. Richer, B. Sopko, A. I. Kononov, Stefan Valkar, H. Cunitz, Y. Kulchitsky, P. Perrin, Lorne Levinson, Phillip Gutierrez, I. Wilhelm, J. Knobloch, E. Fokitis, B. Esposito, Anna Kaczmarska, M. H. Lehto, Dusan Bruncko, M. Postranecky, Mark Hatch, V.G Ivochkin, V. Rumyantsev, A. J. Lankford, J. Wuestenfeld, D.V. Camin, G. Renzoni, V. Golikov, T. Kuhl, A. Cavallari, Eugene P. Gross, R. Barratt, Z. Quian, O. Palamara, J.B. Lane, S. Malyukov, A. Hacinliyan, Serban Constantinescu, Adele Rimoldi, Richard Nickerson, S. Kotov, D. Tompkins, R. Fakhroutdinov, C. Lasseur, Georgios Stavropoulos, A. Akhmedov, Y. Velikzhanin, G. A. Smith, Marcin Wladyslaw Wolter, B. Madeyski, S. Schael, Edoardo Gorini, Houlden, B. Martin, S. Yu. Sivoklokov, P. Paschalias, A. Ostankov, D. Martin, C. Petridou, C. Bouzakis, M. Rouger, M. Nozaki, Ian Dawson, J. Soderqvist, M.I. Levchuk, Juan Bautista Roldán, Ulf Mjörnmark, C. Havet, B. Stugu, Mikhail Ignatenko, Carlos Lacasta, H. Higon, W.D. Lu, Baturitsky, Francis Anghinolfi, Monika Wielers, C. F. Feng, W. Blum, Elzbieta Richter-Was, D. R. Rust, Martin Aleksa, F.T. Khalilzade, Josue J. Lopez, G. Rudolph, N. Bingefors, U. Karshon, Tiefu Zhao, B. Kocper, J. Siegrist, I. Savin, M. J. Costa, C. Yanagisawa, H. F. Hoffmann, Luis Hervas, J. Schaapman, O. Le Dortz, H. Weerts, Francois Vazeille, J. McDonald, A. Gordeev, Saverio D'Auria, O. Solovianov, E. Arik, C. Couyoumtzelis, Alexey Dudarev, E. C. Katsoufis, P. Modesto, Pierre Petroff, C. Bromberg, S. Zimin, Silvia Resconi, A. Liparteliani, R. Chechik, Michael L. Barnett, Valery I. Telnov, R. D. Kass, C. H. Daly, C. Grigson, L. Santi, I. Lehraus, J. Colas, Marzio Nessi, Hiroto Kambara, S. Vorozhtsov, R. Ayad, X.Q. Yu, R. Davis, W. L. Ebenstein, F. Fares, D. Nicod, Ralph Bock, Andrey Ostapchuk, Y. V. Grishkevich, V. Batarin, G. Eigen, Yu.M. Antipov, B. Sundal, P. Gauzzi, Emilio Petrolo, J. Belorgey, F. K. Loebinger, P.S.L. Booth, S. N. Shilov, Z. Trka, F.L. Linde, Gideon Bella, S. Backovic, Peter Sherwood, D. Mercer, Eduard Kladiva, A. Farilla, Y. Unno, Tohru Takeshita, Alexander Mann, O. Gildemeister, Vicente González, S. P. Denisov, S. Behrends, A. Henriques, M. Y. Kazarinov, F. Grancagnolo, D. Sauvage, M. Abolins, Göran Jarlskog, S. Ruehl, D. Myers, G. Kantardjian, Sergey Chekulaev, F. Bergsma, O. Cakir, A. Fallou, B. Epp, Ph. Cros, Joseph A. Paradiso, F. Giancomini, Igor Mandić, P. Jovanovic, D. Hill, M. Zamani, D.E. Dorfan, A. Kandasamy, B. Dick, E. Eisenhandler, T. Kurca, S. Petrera, S. Alforque, Davide Costanzo, M. Nagamatsu, J.D. Richardson, V. Tcherniatine, E. Kuper, W. Iwanski, J. Ota, K. Jelen, J. A. Bogaerts, Jason Lea Oliver, G. Aielli, G. Tong, V. Epchtein, L. La Rotonda, M. Yakimenko, Mauro Citterio, Emmerich Kneringer, Nikolay Nikitin, Michel Gouanère, Mihai Niculescu, W. E. Cleland, Donatella Cavalli, P. Evtukhovich, P. Haridas, Rudiger Voss, F. Etienne, G. Lenzen, P. E. L. Clarke, Peter Loch, D. Dzahini, G.L. Bashindjagian, Mario David, N. Felt, E. L. Barberio, R. Fedorchuk, W. Mohr, T. Schmid, V. Vuillemin, Didier Lacour, P. Grenier, D. La Marra, L. Mandelli, A.N. Larichev, T. K. Ohska, G. Mikenberg, C. Schumacher, M. J. Woudstra, S. Kiourkos, H. G. Moser, V.V. Sytnik, S. Vanini, Fred Wickens, Shawn McKee, J. Del Peso, P A. Delpierre, R.W. Dobinson, R. von Boehn-Bucholz, J. Sodomka, N. Sasao, F. Hartjes, R. Berthier, P.A. Cooke, H. Chakir, M. Merkin, J. Spelt, P. Stavina, V. Maximov, R.R. Mekhdiyev, M. Sessler, Jörgen Sjölin, P. Ponsot, E. Badescu, L. Vassilieva, J. Ulrichs, A. Pilling, D.V. Amelin, J. Wotschack, R. Nacasch, G. H. Trilling, D. Stephani, Richard C. Jared, Howard Gordon, F. Hogbe-Nlend, P. Pailler, Werner Riegler, R.A. Madsen, Jinan, I.G. Knowles, S. Sultansoy, Craig Blocker, D. Cauz, Ronald E. Miller, Gregor Herten, Miriam Lucio Martinez, P. Delebecque, A. Mirea, Chiara Meroni, M. P. J. Landon, Jose Flix, A. Joudon, Stefan Simion, Peter Kluit, J. E. Pilcher, Matteo Cavalli-Sforza, Alevtina Shmeleva, A. Klovning, Yona Oren, Daniel Fournier, Vladimir Cindro, H. Tischhauser, R. P. Thun, M. Moynot, Gibson, R. Wunstorf, Viktor Kramarenko, E. Gornicki, V. J. Guarino, J-Y. Hostachy, Helmuth Spieler, J. Bremer, J. Rabel, Paolo Bagnaia, A.M. Moiseev, Raimund Ströhmer, V. Simak, and A. T. Goshaw
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Particle physics, Atlas (topology), Atlas detector, Bibliography, Drell–Yan process, Technicolor, Supersymmetry, Particle detector, Technical design
Published: 1999
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27. Erratum to: 'The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer Silicon Tracker: Performance results with protons and helium nuclei' [Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 593 (2008) 376–398]

Author: D. Rapin, S. Natale, I. Sevilla, Paolo Zuccon, Roberto Battiston, C.H. Lin, Bruna Bertucci, E. Cortina, N. Dinu, A.I. Oliva, M. Paniccia, V. Koutsenko, M. Pohl, C. Zurbach, D. Haas, C.F. da Silva Costa, M. Capell, M. Pauluzzi, Mauro Menichelli, Al. Mihul, Andrei Kounine, Maria Ionica, Sadakazu Haino, A. Jacholkowska, A. Lebedev, J. Bolmont, E. Fiandrini, F. Cardano, R. Ionica, W. Wallraff, E. Perrin, M. Bourquin, J. Alcaraz, G. Esposito, Nicola Tomassetti, Yung-Hsien Chang, Behcet Alpat, P. Azzarello, W. J. Burger, C. Lechanoine-Leluc, V. Choutko, G. Ambrosi, G. Lamanna, and Mariusz Sapinski
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, chemistry, Silicon, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, chemistry.chemical_element, Atomic physics, Instrumentation, Performance results, Helium
Published: 2008
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28. In situ radiation test of silicon and diamond detectors operating in superfluid helium and developed for beam loss monitoring

Author: E. M. Verbitskaya, T. Eisel, Panja-Riina Luukka, Mariusz Sapinski, V. Eremin, N. Egorov, I. Eremin, Jaakko Härkönen, E Griesmayer, C. A. Rementeria, C.W. Fabjan, M. Bartosik, C. Kurfurst, N. Fadeeva, Yu. V. Tubol'tsev, Bernd Dehning, Eija Tuominen, and A. G. Zabrodskii
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon detector, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Large hadron collider, chemistry.chemical_element, engineering.material, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Instrumentation, Radiation hardening, Beam loss monitoring, Physics, Radiation hardness, Liquid helium, Large Hadron Collider, business.industry, Diamond, Biasing, Single-crystal diamond detector, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Semiconductor detector, chemistry, engineering, Optoelectronics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business, Superfluid helium-4
Abstract: As a result of the foreseen increase in the luminosity of the Large Hadron Collider, the discrimination between the collision products and possible magnet quench-provoking beam losses of the primary proton beams is becoming more critical for safe accelerator operation. We report the results of ongoing research efforts targeting the upgrading of the monitoring system by exploiting Beam Loss Monitor detectors based on semiconductors located as close as possible to the superconducting coils of the triplet magnets. In practice, this means that the detectors will have to be immersed in superfluid helium inside the cold mass and operate at 1.9 K. Additionally, the monitoring system is expected to survive 20 years of LHC operation, resulting in an estimated radiation fluence of 1×1016 proton/cm2, which corresponds to a dose of about 2 MGy. In this study, we monitored the signal degradation during the in situ irradiation when silicon and single-crystal diamond detectors were situated in the liquid/superfluid helium and the dependences of the collected charge on fluence and bias voltage were obtained. It is shown that diamond and silicon detectors can operate at 1.9 K after 1×1016 p/cm2 irradiation required for application as BLMs, while the rate of the signal degradation was larger in silicon detectors than in the diamond ones. For Si detectors this rate was controlled mainly by the operational mode, being larger at forward bias voltage.
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29. Test beam results of a 3D diamond detector

Author: E. Berdermann, H. Frais-Kölbl, Fabian Hügging, M. Pauluzzi, Mara Bruzzi, Gabriele Chiodini, Mariusz Sapinski, Alessandra Re, G. Shimchuk, Jens Weingarten, Sally Seidel, Stefania Spagnolo, Michal Pomorski, Matevz Cerv, Ricardo Eusebi, M. Traeger, Bin Gui, Rainer Wallny, Salvatore Costa, C. Weiss, I. Haughton, V. Sopko, Heinz Pernegger, Alexander Oh, M. Zavrtanik, Paolo Olivero, M. Gastal, Igor Mandić, K. K. Gan, S. M. Spanier, Bernd Dehning, A. C. Taylor, J. Hosslet, B. Sopko, Moritz Guthoff, G. McGoldrick, C. Chau, Ana Lacoste, Arnulf Quadt, D.S. Smith, Felix Bachmair, Robert Stone, Silvio Sciortino, Martin Hoeferkamp, D. Chren, Shaun Roe, Sergey Kuleshov, V. K. Eremin, V. Bellini, Monica Scaringella, Laura Gonella, Joel Goldstein, T. Hofmann, Arianna Morozzi, A. Lo Giudice, Cristina Tuve, Josh Moss, Grant Riley, C. Mathieu, Dmitry Hits, H. Jansen, W. De Boer, J-Y. Hostachy, E. Grigoriev, Gilles Claus, C. M. Sutera, M. Kis, Stephen Robert Wagner, Lorenzo Uplegger, H. Kagan, Mauro Menichelli, Jens Janssen, T. Schreiner, Jing Wang, Giulio Tiziano Forcolin, J.-M. Brom, M. Bartosik, John Perry Cumalat, S. Murphy, R. D. Kass, R. Perrino, Ettore Vittone, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Johann Collot, Kevin Stenson, Lukas Bäni, B. Bentele, Marc Dünser, Nicola Venturi, Florian Kassel, Dean Hidas, Lars Graber, Renato Potenza, V. Belyaev, William Trischuk, Daniele Passeri, R. Mountain, P. Weilhammer, James Beacham, A. Bes, Philippe Bergonzo, Jaap Velthuis, A. A. Golubev, K. Kanxheri, Gregor Kasieczka, Anne Dabrowski, Steve Schnetzer, N. C. McFadden, G. Parrini, M. Mikuž, Thorsten Wengler, Vladimir Cindro, M. Dünser, Anna Sfyrla, Daniel Dobos, Andrej Gorišek, Jacopo Forneris, Federico Picollo, M. Yamouni, M. Goffe, Norbert Wermes, Marina Artuso, Joern Grosse-Knetter, Stefano Lagomarsino, Gregor Kramberger, Andrea Scorzoni, C. Maazouzi, L. Servoli, Dominique Tromson, CERN [Genève], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Syracuse University, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania (INFN), Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], The National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) [Moscow, Russia], University of Colorado [Boulder], Helmholtz zentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH (GSI), Laboratoire Capteurs Diamant (LCD-LIST), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze (INFN, Sezione di Firenze), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), University of Toronto, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce (INFN, Sezione di Lecce), Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Jozef Stefan Institute [Ljubljana] (IJS), University of Karlsruhe (TH), Texas A&M University [College Station], University of Manchester [Manchester], Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Fachhochschule Wiener Neustadt (FWT), University of Bristol [Bristol], Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics [Moscow] (ITEP), National Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute' (NRC KI), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Rutgers University [Camden], Rutgers University System (Rutgers), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia (INFN, Sezione di Perugia), Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Natural Sciences, The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), RD42 Collaboration, Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), and Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Subjects: Engineering, 3d pixels, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, chemistry.chemical_element, engineering.material, GeV-protons, Tracking (particle physics), 7. Clean energy, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Silicon detectors, Single crystals, 3D technology, Beam tests, Chemical vapours, Diamond detectors, Single crystal diamond, Tracking application, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, High energy physics, Nuclear Experiment, Diamond detector, Multidisciplinary, Large Hadron Collider, Pixel, business.industry, Detector, Electrical engineering, Diamond, chemistry, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract: Conference of 23rd European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics, EPS-HEP 2015 ; Conference Date: 22 July 2015 Through 29 July 2015; Conference Code:123485; International audience; 3D pixel technology has been used successfully in the past with silicon detectors for tracking applications. Recently, a first prototype of the same 3D technology has been produced on a chemical vapour deposited single-crystal diamond sensor. This device has been subsequently tested in a beam test at CERN's SPS accelerator in a beam of 120 GeV protons. Details on the production and results of test beam data are presented.
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30. Latest results on radiation tolerance of diamond detectors

Author: Dominique Tromson, R. Kass, M. Bartosik, V. Bellini, R. Mountain, Mariusz Sapinski, John Perry Cumalat, S. Murphy, S. Kuleshov, James Beacham, Laura Gonella, V. Sopko, Sally Seidel, V. Eremin, C. M. Sutera, Ettore Vittone, Florian Kassel, Salvatore Costa, Raffaello D'Alessandro, H. Frais-Kölbl, R. Wallny, J. Collot, C. Weiss, M. Kis, S. Schnetzer, M. Traeger, Lars Graber, A. Scorzoni, N. Wermes, M. Pomorski, Jens Weingarten, Robert Stone, H. Jansen, Fabian Hügging, G. Shimchuk, B. Sopko, Marina Artuso, G. Claus, M. Hoeferkamp, S. Spagnolo, K. K. Gan, J. Grosse-Knetter, N. Venturi, M. Menichelli, G. McGoldrick, I. Haughton, A. Oh, Alessandra Re, J. Hosslet, D. Chren, Moritz Guthoff, Ricardo Eusebi, Stefano Lagomarsino, Bernd Dehning, M. Zavrtanik, L. Servoli, V. Belyaev, Lorenzo Uplegger, C. Mathieu, Jean-Marie Brom, C. Tuve, D.S. Smith, Stefan M Spanier, Monica Scaringella, Kevin Stenson, Grant Riley, W. deBoer, I. Mandic, M. Yamouni, Arianna Morozzi, E. Berdermann, G. Chiodini, S. Roe, A. Golubev, G. Forcolin, W. Trischuk, Jacopo Forneris, Federico Picollo, Alexander Oh, Keida Kanxheri, A. Bes, J. J. Velthuis, B. Bentele, Philippe Bergonzo, A. Dabrowski, H. Pernegger, Chav Chhiv Chau, R. Potenza, Harris Kagan, F. Bachmair, Lukas Bäni, Mara Bruzzi, Jing Wang, G. Kramberger, Matevz Cerv, M. Dunser, A. LoGiudice, J. Moss, A. Quadt, A. Russ Taylor, Paolo Olivero, Ana Lacoste, J. Goldstein, J-Y. Hostachy, M. Gastal, Dean Hidas, S. Wagner, C. Maazouzi, Anna Sfyrla, Andrej Gorišek, Daniel Dobos, G. Parrini, Thorsten Wengler, Vladimir Cindro, Jens Janssen, Gregor Kasieczka, N. C. McFadden, M. Mikuž, D. Hits, Daniele Passeri, Silvio Sciortino, Roberto Perrino, P. Weilhammer, M. Pauluzzi, M. Goffe, E. Grigoriev, T. Schreiner, T. Hofmann, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), RD42, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay
Subjects: detector: technology, Materials science, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 02 engineering and technology, Chemical vapor deposition, Radiation, engineering.material, Tracking (particle physics), 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, CERN LHC Coll: upgrade, Neutron, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, activity report, radiation: damage, 010302 applied physics, Large Hadron Collider, Luminosity (scattering theory), Detector, Diamond, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Engineering physics, engineering, semiconductor detector, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 0210 nano-technology, solid-state counter: diamond
Abstract: International audience; At present most experiments at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are planning upgrades in the next 5-10 years for their innermost tracking layers as well as luminosity monitors to be able to take data as the luminosity increases and CERN moves toward the High Luminosity-LHC (HL-LHC). These upgrades will most likely require more radiation tolerant technologies than exist today. As a result this is one area of intense research, and Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) diamond is one such technology. CVD diamond has been used extensively in beam condition monitors as the innermost detectors in the highest radiation areas of all LHC experiments. This talk describes the preliminary radiation tolerance measurements of the highest quality polycrystalline CVD material for a range of proton energies and neutrons obtained with this material with the goal of elucidating the issues that should be addressed for future diamond based detectors. The talk presents the evolution of various semiconductor parameters as a function of dose.
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31. Investigations of quench limits of the LHC superconducting magnets

Author: A. Priebe, Mariusz Sapinski, Minh Quang Tran, Bernd Dehning, and Arjan Verweij
Subjects: Cryostat, Large Hadron Collider, Materials science, Accelerator magnets, particle beams, Superconducting magnet, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Nuclear physics, Electromagnetic coil, Magnet, Ionization, Heat transfer, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, superconducting magnets, Beam (structure)
Abstract: NbTi-based Rutherford cables are used in the coils of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) magnets. These cables are designed to operate with currents up to 13 kA at temperatures of 1.9 K. Beam losses can locally heat the superconducting cables above the critical temperature and cause a transition to the normal conducting state (quenching). The quench limit, i.e., the energy needed for this transition, is studied to determine the maximum beam intensities and luminosity reach of the LHC. The amount of energy deposited in the coil cannot be measured directly. Therefore, Geant4 simulations are used to correlate the deposited energy with the signal from secondary particles detected outside the magnet cryostat by ionization chambers. An orbital bump technique is used to induce controlled beam losses and provoke a quench. The energy deposition is analyzed in terms of various beam loss patterns and beam energies. The validation of the heat transfer code is presented. The development of the resistive zone is estimated and compared with the voltage measurements over the coils.

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31 results on '"Mariusz Sapinski"'

1. South East European International Institute for Sustainable Technologies (SEEIIST)

2. Gamma Factory for CERN initiative - progress report

3. The Gamma Factory Project at CERN: a New Generation of Research Tools Made of Light

4. Validation of energy deposition simulations for proton and heavy ion losses in the CERN Large Hadron Collider

5. Gamma Factory at CERN -- novel research tools made of light

6. CERN-RD39 collaboration activities aimed at cryogenic silicon detector application in high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider

7. A 3D diamond detector for particle tracking

8. Space-charge distortion of transverse profiles measured by electron-based Ionization Profile Monitors and correction methods

9. Application of nature-inspired optimization algorithms and machine learning for heavy-ion synchrotrons

10. Diamond Particle Detectors for High Energy Physics

11. An X-ray scanner for wire chambers

12. Testing beam-induced quench levels of LHC superconducting magnets

13. Expected performance of ATLAS for measurements of jets, b-jets, τ-jets, and ETmiss

14. Development of silicon detectors for Beam Loss Monitoring at HL-LHC

15. Particle identification using the time-over-threshold method in the ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker

16. Indirect dark matter search with AMS-02

17. Beam Loss Monitoring for LHC Machine Protection

18. Handling of the LHC Beam Loss Monitoring system abort thresholds

19. First experiences with the LHC BLM sanity checks

20. The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer Silicon Tracker: Performance results with protons and helium nuclei

21. Accuracy of LHC proton loss rate determination by the BLM system

22. High Energy Photon Flux Prediction from Neutralino Annihilation in the Globular Cluster Palomar 13

23. High Energy Photon Flux Prediction from Neutralino Annihilation in M 31

24. Supersymmetric dark matter in M31: can one see neutralino annihilation with CELESTE?

25. Effects of the correction of renal artery stenosis on blood pressure, renal function and left ventricular morphology

26. ATLAS DETECTOR AND PHYSICS PERFORMANCE TECHNICAL DESIGN REPORT

27. Erratum to: 'The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer Silicon Tracker: Performance results with protons and helium nuclei' [Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 593 (2008) 376–398]

28. In situ radiation test of silicon and diamond detectors operating in superfluid helium and developed for beam loss monitoring

29. Test beam results of a 3D diamond detector

30. Latest results on radiation tolerance of diamond detectors

31. Investigations of quench limits of the LHC superconducting magnets

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31 results on '"Mariusz Sapinski"'

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