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This study investigates the effects of the vertical integration of shipping companies and ports and the carbon tax on supply chain performance and economic welfare in the maritime industry. Specifically, we developed a game-theoretic transport network model that included two ports and two logistic services operated by two shipping companies. We show the following results by deriving equilibria from the models. First, when a port and a shipping company are vertically integrated, the port's service quality improves and carbon emission per unit service decreases, which in turn positively impacts consumer surplus because the quality improvement increases the overall demand. However, vertical integration harms social welfare if total carbon emissions increase significantly due to vertical integration. Second, shipping companies and ports have incentives to vertically integrate. However, when competition is high, they may fall into a prisoner's dilemma, meaning that the total profit of a route generated by vertical integrations is lower than the total profit without vertical integration on both routes. This result indicates that when competition is relatively intense, firms have incentives to collude with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Society 5.0 is a transformative concept that envisions the integration of advanced technologies, sustainable practices, and socio-economic considerations to shape the future needs of the maritime industry. The industry faces significant challenges in addressing issues related to environmental sustainability, workforce transformation, and technological advancements. In response to these challenges, this research aims to propose a definition for Maritime Society 5.0 (MS 5.0), outline its key elements and implications, and suggest future research directions for MS 5.0. This research employs a qualitative methodology that uses document analysis as a primary method. The research highlights three key elements for MS 5.0: advanced technology integration, sustainable practices, and socio-economic considerations. MS 5.0 has significant implications for the maritime industry, including technological advancements, sustainability, workforce transformation, economic growth, societal well-being, and policy frameworks. To further understand MS 5.0 and address emerging challenges, focus on impact assessment, human-centric approaches, cybersecurity, sustainability, collaborative governance, and digital transformation. Prioritising research in these areas and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration will lead to evidence-based strategies, informed decision-making, and sustainable growth, creating a resilient and socially responsible maritime industry for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the steps to lower air emissions in South Korea's domestic shipping sector. It highlights the significant contributions of the sector to air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, emphasizing its impact on environmental sustainability and climate change mitigation. By looking at the current shipping energy use and emissions, the research identifies ways to reduce the environmental impact of domestic shipping. Data was collected from domestic ferry routes and the fuel use was reviewed with respect to existing global technologies for reducing emissions. The results show that operational changes and current energy-efficient technologies can quickly cut emissions. Furthermore, a long-term plan is suggested, involving the development of new ship designs and the use of net-zero fuels like biofuels, methanol, hydrogen and ammonia. These efforts aim to meet climate goals, targeting a 40% reduction in greenhouse emissions by 2030 and a 70% reduction by 2050, making South Korea's shipping industry more sustainable and resilient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the effectiveness of digital recruitment platforms in addressing labor shortages within Norway's shipbuilding and ship-repair industry. Through a data analysis of 446 job applications over a 12-month period, this study evaluates key recruitment metrics, including application response times (ARTs), candidate acceptance rates (CARs), and the impact of machine learning on hiring outcomes. The findings reveal that specialized digital platforms can significantly improve recruitment efficiency, with 70% of applications being received within 24 h, highlighting the platforms's great potential for time-sensitive sectors. Additionally, pre-vetting candidates enhances hiring precision, achieving a CAR of 90% and reducing mismatches. The application of machine learning algorithms provides predictive insights that support real-time adjustments to job postings, optimizing recruitment strategies. This study contributes uniquely to the literature on cross-border digital recruitment, aligning with the European Union goals of sustainable labor mobility and economic resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – Amidst the ongoing digital transformation in the maritime industry, this study aims to interrogate the application of electronic certification (e-certification) to seafarers globally. Design/methodology/approach – Data and methodological triangulation were used in the study. This included a scoping review to analyze the components of effective e-certificates; document analysis to evaluate the nature and functions of the international legal framework of seafarers’ e-certification and thematic and statistical analyses of responses from survey questionnaires and interviews to examine the merits, demerits and challenges to global implementation of seafarers’ e-certification. A modified Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model was used to determine the stakeholders’ usage behavior regarding seafarers’ e-certification. Findings – The results revealed several merits associated with the implementation of seafarers’ e-certificates, outweighing the presence of certain drawbacks. It also identified various challenges to global application along with potential solutions. Despite the strong industry support for the entire replacement of seafarers’ traditional printed certificates with e-certificates, the study concludes that the coexistence of both formats will persist until crucial challenges are effectively addressed. The International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW), 1978, as amended, along with the relevant International Maritime Organization (IMO) guidelines, functions as the international legal framework for the effective global application of electronic certification for seafarers. Originality/value – The study addresses a significant aspect of the contemporary digital transformation of seafarers’ certification under the STCW Convention, 1978, as amended.

This study aims to test and evaluate various pedagogical strategies that can improve students’ comprehension of Maritime English course materials and help them confidently participate in English-based assessments. A comparative research methodology was employed, focusing on integrating specific strategies and tools into the curricula of maritime programs. The study focused on the Norwegian case at NTNU in Ålesund, featuring a 3-year Shipping Management program (Bachelor’s degree) with 45-60 students. The findings from the Norwegian case demonstrate a significant improvement in students’ willingness and ability to engage in English-language assessments, highlighting the effectiveness of the pedagogical approaches implemented. The study results align with existing literature, highlighting the need for continuous innovation in pedagogical approaches to Maritime English education. By the end of the course, 72.2% of students felt comfortable taking the exam in English, compared to only 25.8% at the beginning of the semester. Weekly lectures in English with presentations were identified as the most helpful tool, followed by group work, homework, and vocabulary lists. The use of digital interaction and software tools received a high score – 8.0 out of 10.0. The significant improvement in students’ confidence in English, along with their strong overall ratings of teaching tools, demonstrates the effectiveness of these methods in overcoming initial language barriers. Further recommendations include combining traditional teaching methods with modern digital tools to enhance learning outcomes. By focusing on student-centered approaches and integrating both traditional techniques and technological tools, institutions can foster the development of a more proficient maritime workforce.

[Purpose] The threat of cyber-attacks is very acute. The purpose of this paper is to examine the need of the amendment of rules of international law required for the cyber resilient enterprise. [Methodology] This paper proposes a novel approach investigating whether the amendment of rules of international law is required for the cyber resilient enterprise. The methodology of international legal research and analysis of data is applied. [Findings] The analyses in this paper show the impact of the cyber security on the shipping industry. The proposals of documents on cyber security and recommendations for maritime cyber risk management are discussed. [Practical Implications] This study is useful for practitioners to consider and evaluate the cyber security. This study is useful for graduate students as well. [Originality] Although some research is being conducted in this area, maritime cybersecurity has not been deeply investigated. This paper presents a detailed analysis of legal documents and research published in international studies on the law of cyber security for maritime industry highlighting security problems and challenges.

The maritime industry plays a pivotal role in facilitating global trade, yet its intricate nature necessitates effective communication among a diverse array of stakeholders. This study examines stakeholder communication in the sector, focusing on shipping companies, port authorities, regulators, customers, and seafarers. The study posits that robust communication, substantiated by a robust theoretical framework, can enhance operational performance and sustainability. The study's key findings underscore the necessity of identifying stakeholders, integrating corporate social responsibility, leveraging technology, and addressing external influences. The analysis highlights the unique challenges faced by each group and emphasizes the value of collaboration in achieving sustainability. The recommendations put forth include the execution of empirical studies, the exploration of emerging technologies, the development of best practices, and the engagement of underrepresented stakeholders with the aim of driving positive change and fostering a sustainable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shipping sector is crucial in enabling international commerce and movement of goods. Ensuring the efficacy of corporate communications is imperative for maintaining seamless operations and fostering stakeholder engagement within this sector. This study undertakes a comprehensive analysis of corporate communication strategies within the maritime sector, with a particular emphasis on best practices. The categorization of communications is conducted into the following classifications: Internal, External, Brand and Reputation Management, Regulatory, Marketing, Technological, Cultural and Ethical, and Crisis-Specific Communications. Each category is examined to identify its significance, challenges, and best practices. The findings emphasize that effective communication is essential for addressing unique maritime challenges, fostering employee engagement, building stakeholder relationships, ensuring compliance, enhancing operational efficiency, promoting inclusivity, and managing crises. In essence, maritime organizations must develop a comprehensive communication strategy to effectively navigate the intricate dynamics of the global environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maritime taught postgraduate education plays a vital role in cultivating expertise within the ever-evolving global logistics industry. Notably, the diverse backgrounds of students are of great importance in this context, given the scarcity of undergraduate maritime programs and the industry's demand for professionals from various disciplines. However, this diversity also poses a challenge to educators in terms of effectively training and evaluating these students. This study focuses on a maritime taught postgraduate professional program and investigates how student background characteristics affect their learning outcomes and academic performance. By utilizing both stated preference data (SP) and revealed preference data (RP) collected from a postgraduate maritime professional program in Hong Kong, the study aims to mitigate hypothetical bias and gain a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing student perceptions and experiences in maritime industry. The study measures five dimensions of student learning outcomes, including professionalism, strategic thinking, lifelong learning capability, career development, and academic performance. The findings suggest that student background characteristics have minimal impact on maritime learning outcomes, with only gender and undergraduate programs showing some influence. The study highlights the inclusive nature of maritime professional education, emphasizing that training quality, rather than personal background, is the key determinant of success. • We highlight the inclusive nature of maritime professional education. • Both stated preference data and revealed preference data are applied. • Student background have minimal impact on maritime learning outcomes. • Findings emphasize that training quality is the key determinant of success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seaborne trade plays a vital role in global trade by facilitating the movement of cargo across the globe. However, maritime transactions are characterized by inherent complexity and frequently exhibit deficiencies in transparency and operational efficiency. This is due to primary factors such as substantial amount of paperwork, ineffective data sharing and processing, system incompatibilities, and a lack of logistic transparency and real-time traceability. Blockchain is a decentralized information technology that offers a promising solution to the ongoing challenges in maritime business. We comprehensively review the literature on blockchain and conduct a synthesis analysis of the benefits and challenges of implementing blockchain in the maritime industry. We demonstrate that blockchain could improve operational efficiency, enhance logistics security and transparency, reduce transaction costs and time, improve sustainability, as well as build trust among participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The maritime industry is under increasing pressure to reduce CO2 emissions, with the International Maritime Organization (IMO) setting a target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, including emissions from the port sector, by 40% by 2030. However, accurate and reliable methods for estimating CO2 emissions at container ports, which are significant contributors to maritime emissions, are still lacking. This study aims to address this by evaluating a novel method for estimating CO2 emissions at container ports. The proposed method utilizes the cargo handling equipment movement theory, quantifying both vertical and horizontal movements based on the amount of container handling equipment at the port. The emissions for each piece of equipment are estimated by multiplying the movement quantity by the respective emission factor. To validate the model, a robustness test compares the estimated CO2 emissions with actual energy consumption data from the port. A case study was conducted at a container port with an annual capacity of over 500,000 TEUs and a parallel layout type. The estimated CO2 emissions were approximately 8183 tons per year, with container cranes contributing 56%, rubber-tire gantry cranes contributing 27%, terminal trucks contributing 14%, and reach stackers contributing 3%. The method demonstrated accuracy, with a deviation of less than 1%. This method offers a fast and reliable approach for estimating baseline CO2 emissions at container ports, providing valuable insights for port authorities and policymakers to develop more effective emission-reduction strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The maritime domain is a very broad domain encompassing ship design, construction, transportation, export–import, port management, energy, ocean, and waterways management. The assumption that the marine industry is less flexible for a transition from linear economy to circular economy (CE) is being challenged. A ship is a factory/city in motion, and therefore, CE principles may be applied to a ship. CE principles can be applied to ports, energy, and waterways management. Successful implementation of CE requires a comprehensive mapping of business models, projects, products, and services; identification of all stakeholders; and using biomimicry in manufacturing. CE can help in the regeneration and restoration of natural capital. The circular business models can help in increasing revenue, reducing costs, and saving the environment. CE can be extended to include reimagining, realigning, reworking, and reaching out to different players in the maritime domain. The marine industry faces the challenges of decarbonization and end-of-life vessel management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The research aims to analyze the situation of women in maritime industry in Poland over the years, focusing on employment trends and the participation of women in maritime-related academic programs. Additionally, the research will explore the challenges women face and propose potential solutions to overcome these barriers to improve gender equality. Design/methodology/approach: To achieve the study's objectives, bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review were conducted to examine previous research on gender inequality in the maritime industry. Additionally, a statistical analysis was performed to identify the share of women in the maritime industry and in maritime-related academic programs in Poland. Findings: The study reveals an increasing trend in the participation of women in Poland's maritime industry, both in education and employment. The paper provides insights into the challenges and strategies for achieving gender equality in the maritime industry. The obstacles women face in the male dominated industry should be addressed not only at the governmental level but also at the organizational level, with required engagement of both authorities and business leaders. Research limitations/implications: The conducted analysis is restricted only to female employment in one country within a specified industry. A comparative study of women’s position in male-dominated industry across different European countries would allow for an expanded context of gender inequality, especially its roots, efforts to combat gender stereotypes, and changes in corporate culture. Practical implications: Practical steps include implementing comprehensive gender equity policies, enhancing educational programs to include gender sensitivity, and creating mentoring and networking opportunities for women. By adopting best practices from other countries and focusing on both governmental and organizational levels, a more inclusive and equitable workplace can be created. Originality/value: This paper offers new insights into the trends and challenges faced by women in this male-dominated sector. Additionally, this study contributes to the broader literature on achieving gender equality and diversity in workplaces by compiling practical initiatives undertaken not only in the maritime industry but also in other male-dominated industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The maritime industry faces increasing cyber threats that jeopardize the safety and efficiency of its operations. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze cybersecurity in this industry. We used SCOPUS databases and the PRISMA methodology, applying rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria to select relevant articles. The results of these articles show that the most common threats include attacks on navigation systems and manipulation of cargo data. The reviewed studies indicate growing concern over insufficient regulations and lack of cybersecurity training. Additionally, it highlighted the need to improve cyber defenses through robust policies and international cooperation. In conclusion, the maritime industry must adopt a proactive and coordinated stance to address these challenges and ensure the resilience of its operations within the digital environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The maritime operations present several pain points, such as low transparency, poor paperless efficiency, and difficult trust management among supply chain participants. Blockchain is emerging as an innovative technology that solves pain points of maritime operations. Blockchain adoption in the maritime literature remains scarcely investigated, especially in identifying potential factors that may affect blockchain adoption intention. Based on the technological-organizational-environmental (TOE) framework, this study develops the research model to examine the determinants of blockchain adoption intention. Data collected from 161 firms in Taiwanese maritime industry were used to test the hypotheses in the research model. The findings revealed that knowledge absorption capability is the most important enablers of blockchain adoption in the organizational context, followed by perceived relative advantage in the technological context, and trading partner influence in the environmental context. Unexpectedly, perceived complexity does not appear to be decisive in predicting blockchain adoption intention. This study also discusses theoretical and managerial implications by providing valuable insights into the determinants of blockchain adoption intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a comprehensive framework for enhancing information exchange in ship maintenance through the integration of Digital Twins (DTs) and the Internet of Things (IoT). The maritime industry faces significant challenges in maintaining ships due to issues like data silos, delayed information flow, and insufficient real-time updates. By leveraging advanced technologies such as DTs and IoT, this framework aims to optimize maintenance processes, improve decision-making, and increase the operational efficiency of maritime vessels. Digital Twins create virtual replicas of physical assets, allowing for continuous monitoring, simulation, and prediction of ship conditions. Meanwhile, IoT devices enable real-time data collection and transmission from various ship components, facilitating a seamless flow of information. This integrated approach enhances predictive maintenance capabilities, reduces downtime, and improves resource allocation. The article will delve into the architecture of the proposed framework, implementation steps, and potential challenges, supported by case studies that demonstrate its practical application and benefits. By addressing these aspects, the framework aims to provide a robust solution for modernizing ship maintenance operations and ensuring the longevity and reliability of maritime assets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of artificial intelligence models for the fault diagnosis of marine machinery increased expeditiously within the shipping industry. This relates to the effectiveness of artificial intelligence in capturing fault patterns in marine systems that are becoming more complex and where the application of traditional methods is becoming unfeasible. However, despite these advances, the lack of fault labelling data is still a major concern due to confidentiality issues, and lack of appropriate data, for instance. In this study, a method based on histogram similarity and hierarchical clustering is proposed as an attempt to label the distinct anomalies and faults that occur in the dataset so that supervised learning can then be implemented. To validate the proposed methodology, a case study on a main engine of a tanker vessel is considered. The results indicate that the method can be a preliminary option to classify and label distinct types of faults and anomalies that may appear in the dataset, as the model achieved an accuracy of approximately 95% for the case study presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study delves into the escalating cybersecurity concerns in the maritime sector as technology becomes more integrated with daily operations. Focused on the Hampton Roads region, it employs Grounded Theory to decipher the intricate dynamics of cybersecurity. Through interviews with key stakeholders and participant observation, it aims to grasp the challenges, risks, and remedies pertinent to maritime cybersecurity. Additionally, it scrutinizes existing frameworks and regulations to gauge their efficacy. Initial findings reveal resistance from organizations in complying with cybersecurity standards, hinting at pervasive vulnerabilities. The research promises to enrich scholarly dialogue and practical strategies for maritime entities, cybersecurity practitioners, and policymakers. By shedding light on the unique cybersecurity landscape of the Hampton Roads area, the study seeks to foster tailored approaches for bolstering cybersecurity resilience in maritime operations. This endeavor is crucial amid the digitalization wave, underscoring the imperative of safeguarding maritime activities for their safety, security, and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Long-duration Sea voyages present unique mental health challenges for crew members, such as work-related stress, isolation, and fatigue. The availability and effectiveness of mental health support services in the maritime industry remain underexplored, with the need for enhanced health policies and evidence-based interventions to improve crew members' well-being. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from crew members across various ship types over a six-month period, from June 2023 to November 2023. A structured questionnaire was employed, and participants were recruited using convenience sampling. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods, including regression analysis, were used to analyze the data. Results: The survey, which included 801 participants, found a high prevalence of mental health issues among crew members, including stress and isolation. Although mental health services, such as confidential helplines and training, were available, their utilization was low. Education level and the duration of stay on board were significant predictors of the need for mental health support. Conclusion: There is a pressing need to improve mental health support mechanisms within the maritime industry to address the unique stressors faced by crew members. Collaborative efforts involving stakeholders and health policy makers are necessary to develop and implement effective interventions to ensure the mental well-being of maritime workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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[Purpose] The threat of cyber-attacks is very acute. The purpose of this paper is to examine the need of the amendment of rules of international law required for the cyber resilient enterprise. [Methodology] This paper proposes a novel approach investigating whether the amendment of rules of international law is required for the cyber resilient enterprise. The methodology of international legal research and analysis of data is applied. [Findings] The analyses in this paper show the impact of the cyber security on the shipping industry. The proposals of documents on cyber security and recommendations for maritime cyber risk management are discussed. [Practical Implications] This study is useful for practitioners to consider and evaluate the cyber security. This study is useful for graduate students as well. [Originality] Although some research is being conducted in this area, maritime cybersecurity has not been deeply investigated. This paper presents a detailed analysis of legal documents and research published in international studies on the law of cyber security for maritime industry highlighting security problems and challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout history, maritime transportation has been preferred for international and intercontinental trade thanks to its lower cost than other transportation ways, which have a risk of ship accidents. To avoid these risks, underwater wireless sensor networks can be used as a robust and safe solution by monitoring maritime environment where energy resources are critical. Energy constraints must be solved to enable continuous data collection and communication for environmental monitoring and surveillance so they can last. Their energy limitations and battery replacement difficulties can be addressed with a path planning approach.This paper considers the energy-aware path planning problem with autonomous underwater vehicles by five commonly used approaches, namely, Ant Colony Optimization-based Approach, Particle Swarm Optimization-based Approach, Teaching Learning-based Optimization-based Approach, Genetic Algorithm-based Approach, Grey Wolf Optimizer-based Approach. Simulations show that the system converges faster and performs better with genetic algorithm than the others. This paper also considers the case where direct traveling paths between some node pairs should be avoided due to several reasons including underwater flows, too narrow places for travel, and other risks like changing temperature and pressure. To tackle this case, we propose a modified genetic algorithm, the Safety-Aware Genetic Algorithm-based Approach, that blocks the direct paths between those nodes. In this scenario, the Safety-Aware Genetic Algorithm-based approach provides just a 3% longer path than the Genetic Algorithm-based approach which is the best approach among all these approaches. This shows that the Safety-Aware Genetic Algorithm-based approach performs very robustly. With our proposed robust and energy-efficient path-planning algorithms, the data gathered by sensors can be collected very quickly with much less energy, which enables the monitoring system to respond faster for ship accidents. It also reduces total energy consumption of sensors by communicating them closely and so extends the network lifetime.

This exploratory study delves into the factors influencing digital technology adoption and the dynamics of its institutionalization within the Thai maritime industry, a key sector underpinning Thailand's economic expansion. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with executive leaders from seven Thai shipowners, utilizing a snowball sampling method. The study reveals that digital technology adoption is driven by a complex interplay of factors including reliable IT infrastructure, perceived technological benefits, organizational culture, top management support, IT skills and support, legal, regulatory, and policy requirements, social pressure influence, and varying degrees of government support. Additionally, the institutionalization of such technologies within the maritime sector is heavily reliant on well-defined organizational rules and the establishment of trust in technological advancements. These findings not only enrich the theoretical landscape regarding digital adoption but also offer practical insights for industry stakeholders, paving the way for more nuanced interventions and policy formulations aimed at enhancing digital integration in this traditionally conservative sector.

The mental health and overall quality of seafarers are critical to the safety and efficiency of maritime operations. This study investigates the factors influencing the quality of Indonesian seafarers, with a particular focus on mental health as a mediating variable. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Partial Least Squares (PLS), we analyzed data from 280 respondents, including skippers and crew members working on Indonesian flagged ships. The study examines the impact of working conditions, recruitment and placement, training and development, and safety culture on seafarer quality, both directly and indirectly through mental health. Our findings indicate that mental health significantly mediates the relationship between these factors and the quality of seafarers. Training and development emerged as the most influential factor, followed by safety culture, recruitment and placement, and working conditions. The results emphasize the importance of enhancing mental health support to improve working conditions, recruitment processes, training initiatives, and safety culture, thereby increasing productivity and the overall quality of seafarers. This research addresses an empirical gap by providing practical strategies to improve Indonesian seafarers' quality and job stability in the global maritime industry. Future research should expand the geographic scope and explore additional factors affecting seafarer quality and mental health.

The maritime industry is crucial for global trade and relies significantly on the commitment and expertise of seafarers, who encounter many difficulties throughout their journeys. This study examines the influence of environmental workplace characteristics on the rates at which seafarers leave their jobs, acknowledging the significance of comprehending how these aspects affect the ability to keep seafarers in their positions. The main objective of this study is to determine the crucial factors that influence seafarers' choices to exit the maritime business, specifically by applying the Random Forest algorithm to forecast turnover. This study is based on a quantitative examination of data obtained from 230 seafarers. Out of these, 200 valid responses were assessed. The study investigates the environmental factors that influence the rates at which seafarers leave their profession. A correlation analysis was performed to investigate the association between these factors and turnover. The Random Forest method was utilized to construct a predictive model, discerning the most influential factors contributing to seafarer turnover. The results indicate a robust and statistically significant association between environmental conditions and the rate at which seafarers leave their jobs. The Random Forest model found job satisfaction, autonomy, and work-life balance as significant indicators that strongly influence turnover. These observations provide the foundation for creating focused interventions aimed at decreasing turnover rates in the maritime industry. Resolving the issue of seafarer turnover necessitates a collaborative endeavour including many entities in the maritime industry, such as shipowners, operators, and regulatory authorities. The study suggests the development of policies and programs that give priority to the well-being of seafarers, decrease stress levels, and improve working conditions in order to encourage seafarers to stay at sea for extended periods of time. This research provides significant suggestions for enhancing staff management and retention tactics in the marine industry by utilizing the predictive capabilities of the Random Forest algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the balance, and the shift in balance, between technologies and practices that coordinate work. The empirical data stems from a primarily qualitative study of a Norwegian shipyard in a phase of transition, where new models of collaboration emerge due to changes in the company environment. The article highlights the interplay between formal and informal articulation work, as well as the role of coordinative IT artifacts in this regard. With this background, the findings show that the balance (between coordinative technologies and practices) shifts depending on circumstances. Thus, the more formal coordination gains importance as transitions increases the need for detailed instructions. The findings also show that the existing IT infrastructure (the legacy) lacks the granularity as a coordinative artifact to facilitate necessary change in the organizational work arrangement, and how the workers cope with such issues. Based on this, the paper provides insights into how articulation work and its sociomaterial aspects develops over time in the interplay of organizational and technological change (or lack thereof). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This exploratory study delves into the factors influencing digital technology adoption and the dynamics of its institutionalization within the Thai maritime industry, a key sector underpinning Thailand's economic expansion. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with executive leaders from seven Thai shipowners, utilizing a snowball sampling method. The study reveals that digital technology adoption is driven by a complex interplay of factors including reliable IT infrastructure, perceived technological benefits, organizational culture, top management support, IT skills and support, legal, regulatory, and policy requirements, social pressure influence, and varying degrees of government support. Additionally, the institutionalization of such technologies within the maritime sector is heavily reliant on well-defined organizational rules and the establishment of trust in technological advancements. These findings not only enrich the theoretical landscape regarding digital adoption but also offer practical insights for industry stakeholders, paving the way for more nuanced interventions and policy formulations aimed at enhancing digital integration in this traditionally conservative sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout history, maritime transportation has been preferred for international and intercontinental trade thanks to its lower cost than other transportation ways, which have a risk of ship accidents. To avoid these risks, underwater wireless sensor networks can be used as a robust and safe solution by monitoring maritime environment where energy resources are critical. Energy constraints must be solved to enable continuous data collection and communication for environmental monitoring and surveillance so they can last. Their energy limitations and battery replacement difficulties can be addressed with a path planning approach.This paper considers the energy-aware path planning problem with autonomous underwater vehicles by five commonly used approaches, namely, Ant Colony Optimization-based Approach, Particle Swarm Optimization-based Approach, Teaching Learning-based Optimization-based Approach, Genetic Algorithm-based Approach, Grey Wolf Optimizer-based Approach. Simulations show that the system converges faster and performs better with genetic algorithm than the others. This paper also considers the case where direct traveling paths between some node pairs should be avoided due to several reasons including underwater flows, too narrow places for travel, and other risks like changing temperature and pressure. To tackle this case, we propose a modified genetic algorithm, the Safety-Aware Genetic Algorithm-based Approach, that blocks the direct paths between those nodes. In this scenario, the Safety-Aware Genetic Algorithm-based approach provides just a 3% longer path than the Genetic Algorithm-based approach which is the best approach among all these approaches. This shows that the Safety-Aware Genetic Algorithm-based approach performs very robustly. With our proposed robust and energy-efficient path-planning algorithms, the data gathered by sensors can be collected very quickly with much less energy, which enables the monitoring system to respond faster for ship accidents. It also reduces total energy consumption of sensors by communicating them closely and so extends the network lifetime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Seafarers are at an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), potentially due to a stressful working environment and behavioral risk factors. To develop better prevention strategies, it is important to elucidate the extent of this risk. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review on CVD in seafarers. Method: We conducted systematic searches in five databases. All studies investigating CVDs among occupational seafarers, published in articles or conference papers, were eligible for inclusion. The identified records were screened and reviewed by two independent researchers, who also evaluated the methodological quality of the included studies. Results: Three thousand nine hundred and seventeen records qualified for screening, and 55 were eligible for inclusion. Most of the studies were observational, including cohort, frequency, incidence or prevalence studies, and review of case records. Around half were assessed at risk of biased findings. Participants in the studies were primarily from North America or the European continent and work onboard transportation vessels. Many studies investigated CVDs as a cause of death, focusing on conditions such as CVD, ischemic heart disease, and myocardial infarction. Frequency of CVD conditions varied but indicate that seafarers face a greater risk compared to the reference populations or control groups. Environmental factors were mainly investigated as risk factors. Conclusion: Our results indicate a higher risk of CVDs among seafarers compared to reference or control groups. However, due to the variable quality of the evidence, well‐designed studies are needed to establish the causes of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in seafarers and to investigate behavioral aspects of cardiovascular risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep learning is crucial in marine logistics and container crane error detection, diagnosis, and prediction. A novel deep learning technique using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) detected and anticipated errors in a system with imbalanced data. The LSTM model was trained on real operational error data from container cranes. The custom algorithm employs the Synthetic Minority Oversampling TEchnique (SMOTE) to balance the imbalanced data for operational data errors (i.e., too few minority class samples). Python was used to program. Pearson, Spearman, and Kendall correlation matrices and covariance matrices are presented. The model's training and validation loss is shown, and the remaining data are predicted. The test set (30% of actual data) and forecasted data had RMSEs of 0.065. A heatmap of a confusion matrix was created using Matplotlib and Seaborn. Additionally, the error outputs for the time series for the next n seconds were projected, with the n seconds input by the user. Accuracy was 0.996, precision was 1.00, recall was 0.500, and f1 score was 0.667, according to the evaluation criteria that were produced. Experiments demonstrated that the technique is capable of identifying critical elements. Thus, future attempts will improve the model's structure to forecast industrial big data errors. However, the advantage is that it can handle imbalanced data, which is usually what most industries have. With additional data, the model can be further improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the repercussions of crew change practices on contractual adherence within the maritime industry, focusing on PT. Amas Iscindo Utama. Through a mixed-methods approach, quantitative data was collected via structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS, supplemented by qualitative insights derived from open-ended responses. Findings reveal that delayed crew recruitment significantly impacts contractual accuracy and compliance, leading to operational disruptions and challenges in crew management. Recruitment challenges, contractual inconsistencies, operational disruptions, and professionalism and standards emerged as key themes, underscoring the multifaceted nature of crew management dynamics. Strategic recommendations include streamlining recruitment processes, developing standardized contractual templates, fostering transparent communication channels, prioritizing professional development initiatives, and safeguarding crew welfare and rights. Collaboration among industry stakeholders is essential to implement proactive measures and uphold professionalism and adherence to contractual obligations within the maritime sector. This research contributes to advancing knowledge and best practices in crew management and contractual governance, informing policy decisions and interventions to enhance the sustainability and competitiveness of the maritime industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]