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This article focuses on three recipe books inspired by women writers: Les Carnets de cuisine de George Sand: 80 recettes d'une épicurienne by Muriel Lacroix and Pascal Pringarbe , Colette gourmande by Marie-Christine and Didier Clément, and Marguerite Yourcenar portrait intime by Achmy Halley. The article opts to treat these three books as though they were works of criticism. Indeed, these three books, which are hybrids of advice books, biographies and anthologies, represent mythographies of the authors who inspired them. Thus, these far from feminist representations of women writers slaving over hot stoves are nonetheless able to offer vindications of those women's demiurgic powers. As such, these works often take on a regionalist and nostalgic tone that reduces them to the status of literary exhibits in a dusty conservatory of folkloric traditions.

L’article compare le roman de Pierre Lemaitre Au revoir là-haut publié en 2013 et la pièce de théâtre de Marcel Pagnol et de Paul Nivoix Les Marchands de gloire montée au Théâtre de la Madeleine en 1925. Ces deux fictions mettent en scène le contexte de l’immédiat après-guerre et traitent de l’opportunisme des survivants qui exploitent la mémoire des morts. Les deux ouvrages contribuent à asseoir les représentations satiriques des années 1920 d’une France déboussolée par la mise à mal de l’idéal héroïque. Romancier et dramaturges prennent un parti antimilitariste et s’intéressent à la perte d’identité des vétérans et des soldats enterrés. Ils donnent à voir le renversement de la société qui privilégie les hommes de l’arrière aux survivants. Ces textes proposent une satire de l’hypocrisie commémorative de la France des monuments. Les écrivains mettent ainsi au tombeau les illusions héroïques de la victoire., This article compares Pierre Lemaitre’s novel Au revoir là-haut published in 2013 with Marcel Pagnol and Paul Nivoix’s play Les Marchands de gloire staged at Théâtre de la Madeleine in 1925. Both works of fiction depict the immediate post-World War period and deal with the opportunism of survivors who take advantage of the memory of the dead. Both books contribute to set satirical representations of the 1920s : France is disoriented by the undermining of the heroic ideal. Novelists and playwrights took an anti-militarist stance and were interested in the loss of identity of veterans and buried soldiers. They show the overthrow of a society that favours men from the rear over survivors. These texts present a satire of the commemorative hypocrisy of commemoration ceremonies in France. The writers thus put the heroic illusions of victory in the tomb.

Les délaissés urbains sont des espaces sans fonction officielle et en rupture avec le tissu urbain environnant. Espaces transitoires présentant souvent une végétation spontanée, les délaissés constituent un habitat pour de nombreuses espèces végétales et leur intérêt pour la biodiversité urbaine est maintenant reconnu. Ils représentent aussi des lieux privilégiés pour augmenter le contact des habitants avec la nature et répondre à la croissante demande sociale de nature en ville. Par ailleurs, l’intérêt des délaissés urbains comme objet d’aménagement est largement documenté en urbanisme; toutefois les représentations des urbanistes et gestionnaires sur les délaissés ont été peu étudiées. L’objectif de ce travail est d’explorer les représentations comparées des délaissés urbains par les gestionnaires (propriétaires et non propriétaires de délaissés) et les habitants riverains de ces espaces. Une méthodologie spécifique d’enquête pour chaque type d’acteur a été mise en place sur nos sites d’étude, les agglomérations de Tours et Blois. Une partie des habitants riverains adoptent sur les délaissés des pratiques temporaires, qui sont souvent tolérées par les propriétaires et n’affectent pas les usages définitifs du terrain, qui sont principalement la construction et la commercialisation des délaissés, lorsque les terrains sont constructibles. Malgré des points de vue contrastés entre gestionnaires et habitants, les délaissés sont majoritairement représentés comme des espaces non entretenus, abandonnés, végétalisés et temporaires. Toutefois pour certains habitants ce devenir incertain revêt un aspect positif, car il est associé à une idée de « liberté » qui confirme la demande sociale d’espaces de respiration dans la ville de la part de certains habitants. Deux pistes pour une meilleure intégration des délaissés dans la ville sont formulées en conclusion, qui permettraient de valoriser pour les habitants, mais aussi pour les gestionnaires, ces espaces urbains en attente., Urban wastelands are spaces without an official function, in contrast with the surrounding urban fabric. They are temporary and informal green spaces with spontaneous vegetation, and represent a habitat for many plant species: their interest for urban biodiversity is now well-known. They also represent places to increase residents’ contact with nature and meet the growing social demand for nature in the city. Moreover, their interest for development is widely documented in urban planning; however, planners’ perceptions on urban wastelands have been insufficiently studied. The aim of this work is to explore the perceptions of urban wastelands both by planners (owners and non-owners of wastelands) and residents living near these spaces. A specific survey methodology for each type of stakeholder has been set up in our study sites, the Tours and Blois conurbations. Some of the local residents adopt temporary uses of urban wastelands, which are often tolerated by the owners and do not affect the final uses of the land, mainly development and marketing, when the land is supposed to be built. Despite contrasting views between planners and residents, urban wastelands are mostly represented as untended, abandoned, vegetated and temporary spaces. However, for some residents, this uncertain future has a positive aspect, as it is linked to an idea of “freedom” that confirms the social demand for empty spaces in the urban fabric by some residents. Two approaches for a better integration of the wastelands in the city are suggested in the conclusion, which would make it possible to enhance the value of these temporary urban spaces for residents and managers.

International audience

Urban wastelands can play a significant role in habitat continuity in fragmented landscapes such as cities, as they can act as stepping-stones for urban green networks that should be considered in ecological planning. This study aims to characterize urban wasteland contributions to the green network in two urban areas in France by studying their structural connectivity, to test the link between urbanization and wasteland plant communities, and to assess the extent that potential connectivity is considered in ecological planning. We suggest that spatial proximity, and especially urban similarity, influence wasteland plant communities: increasingly different urban characteristics result in increasingly dissimilar plant communities. We also show that plant community diversity is influenced by urban characteristics: plant communities are more similar in low urbanization contexts and more diversified in highly urbanized areas. The comparison between potential wasteland connectivity mapped at the city scale and the current ecological plan shows that urban wasteland potentialities for ecological connectivity are considered in ecological planning. In addition to integrating specific urban areas in ecological mapping, green networks should consider the importance of temporary spaces of nature, such as wastelands, since their spatiotemporal dynamics may contribute greatly to biodiversity conservation within cities.

International audience; This chapter presents the results of our transdisciplinary work since 2001 on 100 wastelands in the greater Paris area, using ecological, geographical, and artistic approaches. This research subject, which we addressed with a diversity of methodologies and sensibilities, had hitherto been little studied: wastelands were unmapped and often disregarded. Our aim has been to understand the ecological, artistic, and political interrelationships of these spaces and their role as refuges for human and non-human beings.

Among the different urban green spaces, wastelands are valuable spaces for conserving urban biodiversity. By hosting wild and spontaneous vegetation, wastelands can promote the contact citizens have with nature. However, lack of regular management can lead to negative perceptions. In this study we assessed perceptions, valuations and uses of wastelands by residents in two cities in the centre of France. We tested whether preferences for wastelands depended on where wastelands were located in the city, plant community characteristics or resident characteristics. The study investigated 18 wastelands, in three successional stages (initial grassland, intermediate grassland and shrubbery stages) and located in three categories of distance from the city centre (downtown, suburban, periurban). Vegetation was sampled in each wasteland and several plant community metrics were calculated. A total of 72 residents (4 per wasteland) living in the vicinity of the wastelands were interviewed about their use, valuations and perceptions of wastelands. Based on qualitative and quantitative analyses, the results highlighted that a significant proportion of residents (36%) conducted various activities in wastelands and that perceptions and valuations of wastelands were diverse, ranging from either negative (when wastelands were perceived as wild or abandoned areas) or positive (when wastelands were considered as natural and recreational). Valuations strongly depended on the successional stage, with intermediate grassland-like wastelands being preferred. We found no effect of wasteland location in the city, whereas resident characteristics (age and gender) marginally influenced valuations. This study provides new insights into the determinants of perception and valuations of urban wastelands. Particularly, we suggest that intermediate grassland-like wastelands could be easily integrated into urban planning both for recreational activities and conserving biodiversity. Alternatively, awareness of the value of initial grassland-like and shrubbery wastelands should be raised to improve their acceptability.

Le roman Corniche Kennedy de Maylis de Kerangal se prête à une lecture méditerranéenne sous le patronage d’Albert Camus et de Paul Valéry. L’écrivaine déploie une philosophie du midi qui affirme l’importance du sensible et de la présence au monde, autant de motifs qui irriguent « la pensée de midi ». L’imaginaire hellénique côtoie phénoménologie et humanisme pour fonder une métaphysique propre à la Méditerranée. Corniche Kennedy se définit ainsi comme une tragédie solaire qui représente l’intensité et l’acceptation de la finitude comme les deux versants du monde méditerranéen. Corniche Kennedy written by Maylis de Kerangal can be read as a Mediterranean novel inspired by Albert Camus and Paul Valéry. The writer develops a southern philosophy which is based on sensitive approach and presence in the world. This philosophy could be called “thinking of the South”. Hellenistic culture, phenomenology and humanism could be gathered to be the basis of a metaphysic of Mediterranean culture. Therefore, Corniche Kennedy is defined as a solar tragedy which represents intensity and death acceptation as the both sides of Mediterranean world.

International audience; Urbanization is one of the major threats to wild plants and pollinators, and its global increase demands a better understanding of the mechanism driving its negative impact. Urban warming and altered local environmental conditions have the potential to affect the timing of flowering and of pollinator activity. While previous evidence has shown that plant phenology tends to advance in urban areas, little is known about its effects on pollinator phenology. In this study we simultaneously assessed the response of the timing of flowering of native plants and of the flight period of wild pollinators to increased urbanization. We collected data from 12 sites along an urbanization gradient in northern France, a region under strong anthropogenic pressure. Overall, we recorded more than 70 plant species, and we sampled more than 4300 wild bees and hoverflies belonging to 154 species. Plant flowering showed a strong response to urbanization at the community level with a striking advancement of the flowering peak in sites at high urbanization. On the contrary, pollinator communities did not show any clear shift of their flight phenology along the gradient, neither regarding abundance nor diversity. Our results indicate that phenologies of plant and pollinator communities can respond differently along the same urbanization gradient. These asymmetric responses can drive modifications in the structure of plant–pollinator networks, and potentially negatively affect the fitness of both mutualistic partners.

International audience; Urbanisation is one of the main drivers of landscape modification, as vegetation andopen lands are replaced by paved surfaces, roads and buildings. These changes imply thephenomenon of urban heat islands – urban and suburban areasshow increased temperaturescompared to their rural surroundings. However, its influences on flowering period and polli-nator activity remains poorly investigated.We surveyed 12 meadows managed by local practitioners with standardised native seed mixesin the M ́etropole Europ ́eenne de Lille (northern France). Sites were selected according to anurban gradient (three urbanisation levels, based on the proportion of impervious areas withina 500m radius), and were visited bi-weekly from April 4th to June 29th 2017.We estimatedthe flowering abundance at all sites at any given observation period. At the same time, wesampled pollinators (bees and hoverflies) using pan traps and hand net. We estimated theeffects of sampling day and urbanisation level on flower cover and pollinator activity usingGLMMs.Urbanisation had a strong effect on average flowering phenology of the whole plant commu-nity. In medium and high urbanisation sites, flowering peak occurred respectively 7 and 30days earlier, compared to rural areas. Similar patterns were found for the most commonflowering species. Our results also suggest that flowering duration has increased in urbanareas. We observed phenological shifts of pollinators as urbanisation increased. Bumblebeesexperienced a similar advance of activity in moderately and highly urbanised sites, comparedto rural sites. Likewise, we observed an advancement of the activity of some solitary bees(Halictidae) in urban areas. We are currently analysing data regarding the other bee andhoverfly taxa found during the study. We will discuss the possible effects of phenology shiftson plants and pollinators, and their consequences in relation to temporal mismatches amongspecies

International audience

Afin de préciser l’ambivalence, par rapport aux services écosystémiques, des délaissés urbains, réservoirs d’espèces indigènes mais aussi exotiques et envahissantes, nous avons étudié la flore des délaissés urbains de deux agglomérations de taille moyenne. Nos résultats montrent que ces espaces accueillent une grande diversité végétale, ordinaire et patrimoniale. La fréquence globale des espèces envahissantes est comparable à celle rapportée par des études effectuées sur les délaissés de métropoles, alors que leur fréquence locale, au sein des délaissés, est beaucoup plus faible. Nous discutons de ces résultats en relation avec les différences de taille d’agglomération et d’origine des délaissés., In order to clarify the ambivalence, with regard to ecosystem’ services, of urban wastelands, reservoirs of both native biodiversity and alien and invasive species, we studied plant diversity of urban wastelands in two medium-sized cities in France. Our results show that urban wastelands host a great species’ diversity, both common and rare or patrimonial. The overall rate of invasive species is similar to the one observed in large cities’ wastelands, while their local rate, within wastelands, is much lower. We discuss of these results with regard to differences in cities’ size and wastelands’ starting point.

International audience; PRESENTATION An investigation into the patient's unusual dermatologic symptoms identified an underlying autoimmune disease. Fourteen days after breast-reduction surgery, the patient, a 25-year-old white woman, was completely recovered. But at 20 days after surgery, she had bilateral mammary ulcera-tive lesions and was admitted to another hospital. The lesions were painless, and she was afebrile. Negative pressure wound therapy failed to accomplish secondary intention healing. For 6 weeks, she was treated with oral prednisolone, 1 mg/kg/day, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy, but these had limited effect. She then underwent a biopsy of the right breast. The specimen showed perivascular inflammation of the superficial and deep dermis, as denoted by an infiltrate of numerous neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and some giant cells. Areas of nonfibrinoid necrosis were evident in the superficial dermis. Bacterial cultures of the wound and blood were negative. A diagnosis of pyoderma gangreno-sum was suspected based on the necrotic ulceration and characteristic violaceous undermined borders of the patient's lesions, the high proportion of neutrophils in the biopsy specimen, and the appearance of lesions on the scar site after a complete recovery. Yet, though the biopsy findings suggested pyoderma gangrenosum, there was some atypia, such as the absence of a central necrotic zone. Treatment with prednisolone and hyperbaric oxygen was restarted 5 days after biopsy results returned. She was then referred to our internal medicine department for further work-up. ASSESSMENT On admission, the patient was afebrile. She had bilateral, painless , inframammary ulcerations with inflammatory borders (Figure 1A). These measured 5 cm in diameter and ran horizontally across the surgical scar line. She also had pain in the sinus region. She reported a 1-year history of rhinitis with crusting and bleeding in both nostrils. Treatment had consisted of several courses of corticosteroids and antibiotics, which offered transient relief from symptoms, and ultimately, she underwent nasal septum surgery. Interestingly, the patient's ear, nose, and throat symptoms improved while she was being treated with prednisolone for her mammary lesions. Laboratory tests revealed elevations in the plasma fibrin-ogen level (5.4 g/L) and the C-reactive protein levels Figure 1 On presentation, the patient had bilateral ulcera-tive mammary lesions.

Background This study aims to compare in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), the technical performance and packed red blood cell unit consumption between the automated depletion/Red Blood Cell exchange (RBCx) program (Spectra Optia Apheresis System) with the isovolemic hemodilution (IHD)/RBCx procedure (COBE Spectra Apheresis System) in a routine clinical setting. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the data of 23 patients treated between October 2010 and August 2013 who underwent repeated RBCx on both apheresis systems for preventive indications. Each patient was their own control and had undergone two procedures on each system, totaling 46 sessions per group. On Spectra Optia, we performed the automated depletion/RBCx program. For COBE Spectra, we used a modified IHD/RBCx protocol. All patients had an initial 250 mL depletion offset by a 5% albumin prior to the exchange procedure, for the respective device, with leucodepleted Rh/Kell compatible and cross-matched RBC packs. Results All procedures were well tolerated except three mild febrile nonhemolytic reactions. Postprocedure hemoglobin S (HbS), fraction of cells remaining (FCR), procedure duration and processed blood and anticoagulant volumes were comparable in the two groups. However, the RBCx volume was significantly higher for the Spectra Optia group (+71 mL, P = 0.01), with no significant difference in the number of RBC units used. Conclusions Technical performance and packed RBC unit consumption were not compromised when switching from the COBE Spectra IHD/RBCx protocol to the depletion/RBCx protocol on the Spectra Optia. Tolerability was equal for both protocols. J. Clin. Apheresis 31:429–433, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The aim of this research was to explore the potentialities of community gardens—a specific type of urban garden—in terms of urban biodiversity and ecological continuity in the city. We considered the three main scales of organisation of urban ecosystems: local individual habitat, intermediate urban landscape and the larger scale encompassing the entire urban area. The study site within the urban agglomeration of Tours currently contains 29 clusters of community gardens, mainly situated in three central municipalities of the urban area; 12% of the community gardens have disappeared over the last ten years due to residential and industrial urban development. Analysis of land tenure and morphological characteristics of the gardens highlighted that alongside a gradient of very varied gardens, two groups of community gardens can be identified, one more precarious situated on building land, the other established on non-building land in floodable areas, and on road and railway easements. Indeed, at the agglomeration scale half of the community gardens are located in high flood hazard areas and about a third are situated less than 100 m from a railway line or main road network. A measure of the potential ecological continuity of the urban green corridor provided by community gardens compared to urban green spaces shows that the loss of ecological continuity in the event of urbanisation of community gardens would be considerable. Relegated by urban pressure to areas of non-building land, some community gardens could play the role of a discontinuous ecological corridor due to their location along linear axes within the city: water courses, main roads and railway lines. However, the gardening techniques practised there can limit their capacity to contribute to plant diversity in the city.

International audience

L’esthétique dramatique de Marcel Pagnol repose sur la fidélité de retranscription d’une langue parlée et populaire, d’un accent. Aussi, sa faveur pour l’enregistrement phonographique vient de son travail sur la diction et sur la voix de ses comédiens qui sont au cœur de ses préoccupations théâtrales. Son théâtre est écho et repose tout entier sur une mémoire phonique. Conscient du caractère éphémère et volatile du théâtre, qu’il oppose aux pouvoirs d’impression et de conservation du cinéma, Marcel Pagnol se sert du cinéma comme d’une nouvelle possibilité de diffusion phonographique de son théâtre. La circulation de son œuvre entre théâtre, cinéma et disque montre qu’il conçoit ces arts comme des médias qui diffusent et, pour certains, fixent la parole populaire. Nous nous interrogerons sur le paradoxe qui consiste à recourir aux techniques d’enregistrement modernes pour fixer un monde en voie/x de disparition : le monde rural et artisanal du sud de la France Marcel Pagnol’s dramatic esthetics is based on a true-to-life retranscription of popular speech, of the spoken word, of an accent. Thus, his taste for phonographic recording originates in his work upon his comedians’ diction and voice which are at the heart of his dramatic concerns. His drama essentially is echo and entirely rests on vocal memory. Fully aware of the transient and ephemeral character of drama, which he contrasts with the movie’s imprinting and conservative power, Marcel Pagnol uses the movie as a new possibility for the phonographic diffusion of his plays. The circulation of his work between drama, cinema and disc shows that he conceives these arts as media which spread and, regarding some, fix popular speech. We shall interrogate the paradox which consists in resorting to modern recording techniques to fix a world on its way to vocal/local extinction: the craftsman’s rural world of southern France.

Urbanisation leads to natural habitats being fragmented with various effects according to the species and their ecological characteristics. Paradoxically, the urbanisation process creates relatively unused environments, wastelands, habitats which could contribute to biodiversity conservation in urban regions. In this review we examined the role of wastelands in maintaining biodiversity in the city and assessed the different factors responsible for wasteland biodiversity. 37 articles were suitable for our aim. Most of the studies have been conducted in large cities in Western and Central Europe. A wasteland is defined as an abandoned site with spontaneous vegetation (i.e. wild grown vegetation). In most cases, wastelands harbour more species than other urban green spaces. The processes which affect the biodiversity of wastelands operate on two different levels. Locally, the area size, age, soil, microclimate and the vegetation structure are the dominant factors. As in other environments, the species richness increases with the size of the wasteland. Wastelands of different ages include different stages of vegetation, ranging from pioneer to pre-forest stages, and consequently harbour different communities of plants and animals. The diversity of anthropogenic soil substrates leads to different plant communities. At the landscape scale, matrix composition and geographic connectivity between wastelands influence the biodiversity of wastelands, although to a lesser extent than the local features. We show that wastelands have a real potential to contribute to biodiversity conservation in urban regions. At the city scale, they represent habitats which urban planners need to take into account and include in dynamic urban planning.

This study aims to compare in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), the technical performance and packed red blood cell unit consumption between the automated depletion/Red Blood Cell exchange (RBCx) program (Spectra Optia Apheresis System) with the isovolemic hemodilution (IHD)/RBCx procedure (COBE Spectra Apheresis System) in a routine clinical setting.We retrospectively reviewed the data of 23 patients treated between October 2010 and August 2013 who underwent repeated RBCx on both apheresis systems for preventive indications. Each patient was their own control and had undergone two procedures on each system, totaling 46 sessions per group. On Spectra Optia, we performed the automated depletion/RBCx program. For COBE Spectra, we used a modified IHD/RBCx protocol. All patients had an initial 250 mL depletion offset by a 5% albumin prior to the exchange procedure, for the respective device, with leucodepleted Rh/Kell compatible and cross-matched RBC packs.All procedures were well tolerated except three mild febrile nonhemolytic reactions. Postprocedure hemoglobin S (HbS), fraction of cells remaining (FCR), procedure duration and processed blood and anticoagulant volumes were comparable in the two groups. However, the RBCx volume was significantly higher for the Spectra Optia group (+71 mL, P = 0.01), with no significant difference in the number of RBC units used.Technical performance and packed RBC unit consumption were not compromised when switching from the COBE Spectra IHD/RBCx protocol to the depletion/RBCx protocol on the Spectra Optia. Tolerability was equal for both protocols. J. Clin. Apheresis 31:429-433, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : Caroline Surmann, Cinéma et théâtre chez Jean Cocteau, Intermédialité et esthétique, Paris : Classiques Garnier, coll. « Études de littérature des XXe et XXIe siècles », 2012, 330 p., EAN 9782812405709.