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El objetivo fue conocer la exposición y desensibilización a la violencia en jóvenes de cinco contextos en distintas instituciones educativas y de readaptación social de la ciudad de San Luis Potosí. Método: se realizó un estudio analítico transversal comparativo de 25 instituciones de educación media superior, ubicados en Zonas Rurales (ZR), en Polígonos de Violencia (PV), Cercanas a Polígonos de Violencia (CPV), en Zonas Alejadas de los Polígonos de Violencia (ZAPV), y en un Centro de Internamiento Juvenil (CIJ) con un total de 1720 participantes; 851 (49.5 %) hombres y 869 (50.5%) mujeres. Resultados: Se encontraron medias significativamente más altas en desensibilización a la violencia en participantes del CIJ, seguidos por participantes de las ZAPV, y al final el ZR. Referente a la exposición a la violencia fue mayor en aquellos provenientes de las ZAPV después en jóvenes del CIJ y finalmente los de ZR. Conclusiones: La desensibilización a la violencia se presenta como consecuencia a la exposición de la violencia y las conductas que atentan contra la seguridad social. Finalmente, se encontró que las actividades artísticas y los padres unidos funcionan como factores de protección contra la desensibilización a la violencia.

Este trabalho procura gerar novos horizontes de problematização e compreensão das relações entre conhecimento e práticas sociais de treinamento. Ele concentra sua reflexão sobre as indicações argumentativas de alternativas para a descolonização da formação de professores com base na crítica das políticas neoliberais na educação, centrando a reflexão sobre as condições do professor iniciante. Neste sentido, são abordados os geo/pedagogias sonoras, juntamente com sua configuração epistêmica, como uma proposta formativa de acompanhamento de professores baseada em uma oficina em uma comunidade indígena no México. O objetivo é a promoção de formas de descolonização de categorias da prática formativa de professores. Os resultados permitiram recriar os lugares e trânsitos de sua viagem, refletindo processos de subalternização, alteração, despossessão, exploração e racismo na comunidade nguigua e, como causa disso, a educação oferecida e a formação de professores que não respondem às necessidades e emergências locais. Através da experiência da oficina de geo/pedagogias, os participantes se reconhecem como portadores de conhecimento alimentado por processos históricos, políticos e pedagógicos, admitindo a necessidade de transformar suas práticas educacionais, considerando tanto um diálogo intergeracional entre professores experientes e iniciantes como um trabalho integral que torna possível e fornece indicações de um caminho de esperança em geo/pedagogias para a formação de professores críticos e como uma emergência de processos de formação alter-nativa diante do capitalismo educacional atual.

Assess the usefulness of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio for the differential diagnosis of uncontrolled chronic hypertension vs. superimposed preeclampsia.We performed a cross-sectional study from 2015 to 2017 and 42 women with initial diagnosis of superimposed preeclampsia were enrolled in the emergency room. After a 12 week follow up patients were grouped as superimposed preeclampsia (Group A) and uncontrolled chronic hypertension (Group B) according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist criteria. A group of 33 healthy women paired by gestational age were included as controls (Group C). Maternal serum levels of sFlt-1 and PlGF were measured at enrollment, and the ratios of the groups were compared.Superimposed preeclampsia vs. uncontrolled chronic hypertension.After follow-up, group distribution was 30 women in Group A, 12 women in Group B, and 25 women in Group C. The sFlt-1/PlGF ratio was higher in women with superimposed preeclampsia than in women with uncontrolled chronic hypertension (215.5 vs. 9.65, p 0.001). The control group displayed lower ratio values (3.66, p 0.001). The sFlt-1 concentration was higher in Group A than in Group B (7564 vs. 1281 pg/mL, p 0.001) and the PlGF level was lower in Group A (34.39 vs. 169 pg/mL, p 0.001).The sFlt-1/PlGF ratio exhibits good performance for the differential diagnosis of superimposed preeclampsia vs. uncontrolled chronic hypertension.

La desnutrición constituye uno de los principales problemas de salud pública, pues los sujetos que la presentan tienen mayor índice de complicaciones posquirúrgicas. Considerando que existen diferentes instrumentos con parámetros subjetivos, validados para el cribado nutricional, se propone el diseño de una cédula de evaluación nutricia con parámetros objetivos y subjetivos para la detección oportuna del estado de nutrición.Determinar la utilidad de una cédula de evaluación nutricia (CEN 16) en comparación con la valoración global subjetiva en pacientes quirúrgicos del Hospital General Regional No. 1 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) en Charo, Michoacán.Estudio transversal, descriptivo y comparativo. La selección de la muestra fue probabilística, con un total de 72 pacientes de ambos sexos, del servicio de cirugía, con edades mayores de 18 años y menores de 60 años. Se tomaron en cuenta cuatro parámetros de evaluación: antropométricos, bioquímicos, clínicos y dietéticos. El tratamiento estadístico se realizó por medio del programa SPSS V22. Como principios éticos se consideraron la Declaración de Helsinki, la Ley General de Salud y la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-004-SSA3-2012 del Expediente Clínico. El estudio se desarrolló con la aprobación del Comité Local de Investigación en Salud y el Comité de Ética en Investigación del IMSS, con número de registro R-2017-1604-4.Los resultados del estado de nutrición obtenidos con la CEN 16 mostraron los siguientes porcentajes: bien nutrido 9.8%, desnutrición moderada 80.6% y desnutrición importante 9.7%. Con la valoración global subjetiva los resultados fueron: bien nutrido 52.8%, desnutrición moderada 38.9% y desnutrición importante 8.3%.Diseñar una cédula de evaluación con parámetros objetivos y subjetivos resulta de mayor utilidad en la práctica clínica para detectar el estado nutricional de los pacientes quirúrgicos en comparación con la valoración global subjetiva.Malnutrition is one of the main public health problems since patients undergoing it, have higher rates of post-surgical complications. As there are different validated instruments for nutritional screening with subjective parameters, the design of a nutritional evaluation assessment with objective and subjective parameters, is proposed to have early detection of nutritional status.Determinate the utility of the nutritional evaluation assessment (CEN 16) compared to the subjective global assessment in surgical patients at the Hospital General Regional N1 of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) in Charo, Michoacán.This study was descriptive, comparative and transversal. Sample selection was probabilistic with a total of 72 patients of the surgery service of both genders, with ages over 18 and under 60 years. Four evaluation parameters were taken into account: anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and dietary. The statistical treatment was carried out through the SPSS V22. The ethical considerations for this study were framed from Helsinki Declaration and Mexican regulations: General Health Act, Rule NOM-004-SSA3-2012 related to the Clinical File, and IMSS Internal Review Boards of Research and Ethical Research, which conferred authorization through registration number R-2017-1604-4.Nutritional findings after CEN 16 application showed following results: well-nourished 9.8%, moderate malnutrition 80.6%, and severe malnutrition 9.7%. However, after using subjective global assessment, the results showed 38.9% of moderate malnutrition and 8.3% of severe malnutrition, while 52.8% of the patients were well nourished.The proposal of a nutritional evaluation assessment card including both objective and subjective parameters for clinical practice turned out more precise to detect nutritional status of surgical patients, compared with the subjective global assessment.

espanolSe estudio el comportamiento de las fuerzas y pares de taladrado al mecanizar madera de Pinus Radiata utilizando dos diferentes brocas, para uso en madera y para uso en metal, destacando como variables de interes el contenido de humedad de las probetas de madera y la orientacion de la fibra del Pinus Radiata. Para la toma de datos se utilizo una plataforma dinamometrica que posee sensores piezoelectricos de fuerza y par respectivamente. Para el analisis de los datos obtenidos por los sensores se utilizo el software LabVIEW, donde se modelaron las variables involucradas en los procesos de taladrado. Se estimo la presion especifica de corte de las probetas para cada contenido de humedad y orientacion de las fibras. En los resultados obtenidos se aprecia graficamente el comportamiento de las distintas fibras al mecanizarlas con las distintas brocas donde la fibra de orientacion tangencial presenta una resistencia mayor al corte, el cual se traduce en un aumento de la presion especifica de corte en comparacion a las otras orientaciones de la fibra. EnglishThe behavior of the drilling force and torque when machining Pinus Radiata wood was studied, utilizing two different drills: one for wood and another for metal, highlighting as variables of great interest, the moisture content of the wood specimens and the granular orientation of the Pinus Radiata. Regarding data collection, a dynamic platform was used that has two piezoelectric force and torque sensors, respectively. For the analysis of the data obtained by the sensors, the LabVIEW software was used, where the variables involved in the drilling processes were modeled. The specific cutting pressure of the tests for each content of the safety and orientation of the fibers was estimated using the different types of cutting tools. Among the results, the behavior of the different fibers is specifically observed when machining them with the different drills, where the tangential orientation fiber has a greater resistance to the cut, which results in an increase of the specific cutting pressure in comparison with the other orientations of the fiber.

Introduccion La desnutricion constituye uno de los principales problemas de salud publica, pues los sujetos que la presentan tienen mayor indice de complicaciones posquirurgicas. Considerando que existen diferentes instrumentos con parametros subjetivos, validados para el cribado nutricional, se propone el diseno de una cedula de evaluacion nutricia con parametros objetivos y subjetivos para la deteccion oportuna del estado de nutricion. Objetivo Determinar la utilidad de una cedula de evaluacion nutricia (CEN 16) en comparacion con la valoracion global subjetiva en pacientes quirurgicos del Hospital General Regional No. 1 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) en Charo, Michoacan. Material y metodos Estudio transversal, descriptivo y comparativo. La seleccion de la muestra fue probabilistica, con un total de 72 pacientes de ambos sexos, del servicio de cirugia, con edades mayores de 18 anos y menores de 60 anos. Se tomaron en cuenta cuatro parametros de evaluacion: antropometricos, bioquimicos, clinicos y dieteticos. El tratamiento estadistico se realizo por medio del programa SPSS V22. Como principios eticos se consideraron la Declaracion de Helsinki, la Ley General de Salud y la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-004-SSA3-2012 del Expediente Clinico. El estudio se desarrollo con la aprobacion del Comite Local de Investigacion en Salud y el Comite de Etica en Investigacion del IMSS, con numero de registro R-2017-1604-4. Resultados Los resultados del estado de nutricion obtenidos con la CEN 16 mostraron los siguientes porcentajes: bien nutrido 9.8%, desnutricion moderada 80.6% y desnutricion importante 9.7%. Con la valoracion global subjetiva los resultados fueron: bien nutrido 52.8%, desnutricion moderada 38.9% y desnutricion importante 8.3%. Conclusion Disenar una cedula de evaluacion con parametros objetivos y subjetivos resulta de mayor utilidad en la practica clinica para detectar el estado nutricional de los pacientes quirurgicos en comparacion con la valoracion global subjetiva. Background Malnutrition is one of the main public health problems since patients undergoing it, have higher rates of post-surgical complications. As there are different validated instruments for nutritional screening with subjective parameters, the design of a nutritional evaluation assessment with objective and subjective parameters, is proposed to have early detection of nutritional status. Objective Determinate the utility of the nutritional evaluation assessment (CEN 16) compared to the subjective global assessment in surgical patients at the Hospital General Regional N1 of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) in Charo, Michoacan. Material and methods This study was descriptive, comparative and transversal. Sample selection was probabilistic with a total of 72 patients of the surgery service of both genders, with ages over 18 and under 60 years. Four evaluation parameters were taken into account: anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and dietary. The statistical treatment was carried out through the SPSS V22. The ethical considerations for this study were framed from Helsinki Declaration and Mexican regulations: General Health Act, Rule NOM-004-SSA3-2012 related to the Clinical File, and IMSS Internal Review Boards of Research and Ethical Research, which conferred authorization through registration number R-2017-1604-4. Results Nutritional findings after CEN 16 application showed following results: well-nourished 9.8%, moderate malnutrition 80.6%, and severe malnutrition 9.7%. However, after using subjective global assessment, the results showed 38.9% of moderate malnutrition and 8.3% of severe malnutrition, while 52.8% of the patients were well nourished. Conclusion The proposal of a nutritional evaluation assessment card including both objective and subjective parameters for clinical practice turned out more precise to detect nutritional status of surgical patients, compared with the subjective global assessment.

Altres ajuts: European Research Area-NET, Transcan-2 (AC15/00063), Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (LABAE16020PORTT) i AIOC15152806CRUZ, Generalitat de Catalunya(PERIS, SLT002/16/00477 En el cas dels drets, per a usos comercials contactar amb: journals.permissions@oup.com BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) -deficient tumors display impaired homologous recombination repair (HRR) and enhanced sensitivity to DNA damaging agents or to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi). Their efficacy in germline BRCA1/2 (gBRCA1/2)-mutated metastatic breast cancers has been recently confirmed in clinical trials. Numerous mechanisms of PARPi resistance have been described, whose clinical relevance in gBRCA-mutated breast cancer is unknown. This highlights the need to identify functional biomarkers to better predict PARPi sensitivity. We investigated the in vivo mechanisms of PARPi resistance in gBRCA1 patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDXs) exhibiting differential response to PARPi. Analysis included exome sequencing and immunostaining of DNA damage response proteins to functionally evaluate HRR. Findings were validated in a retrospective sample set from gBRCA1/2-cancer patients treated with PARPi. RAD51 nuclear foci, a surrogate marker of HRR functionality, were the only common feature in PDX and patient samples with primary or acquired PARPi resistance. Consistently, low RAD51 was associated with objective response to PARPi. Evaluation of the RAD51 biomarker in untreated tumors was feasible due to endogenous DNA damage. In PARPi-resistant gBRCA1 PDXs, genetic analysis found no in-frame secondary mutations, but BRCA1 hypomorphic proteins in 60% of the models, TP53BP1 -loss in 20% and RAD51 -amplification in one sample, none mutually exclusive. Conversely, one of three PARPi-resistant gBRCA2 tumors displayed BRCA2 restoration by exome sequencing. In PDXs, PARPi resistance could be reverted upon combination of a PARPi with an ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) inhibitor. Detection of RAD51 foci in gBRCA tumors correlates with PARPi resistance regardless of the underlying mechanism restoring HRR function. This is a promising biomarker to be used in the clinic to better select patients for PARPi therapy. Our study also supports the clinical development of PARPi combinations such as those with ATM inhibitors.

The compositional, geochemical and petrophysical characterization of a stratigraphic section from the Coniacian-Campanian in the South of the Middle Magdalena Valley basin allowed identifying the potential of this area for unconventional shale reservoirs. Siltstone facies composed of bio-mudstone with organic matter and micrite, and silty mudstone microfacies with foraminifera, showed the best conditions. Rock-Eval results showed a Type II Kerogen with TOC values that range between 2% and 4% and thermal maturity of 0.8% Ro, which demonstrates an optimal mat urity level for liquid hydrocarbon generation of this section. Compositionally, the upper part is characterized by high quartz content, whereas the middle section has high calcite content enhancing the mechanical properties of the rock in the event of hydraulic fracturing. The petrophysical analysis indicated optimal values for intergranular porosity favoring hydrocarbon storage. Data integration indicated at least two intervals with high potential for shale oil within the sequence studied.

Over the last 25 years, the terminology of skin and soft tissue infections, as well as their classification for optimal management of patients, has changed. The so-called and recently introduced term ‘acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections’ (ABSSSIs), a cluster of fairly common types of infection, including abscesses, cellulitis, and wound infections, require an immediate effective antibacterial treatment as part of a timely and cautious management. The extreme level of resistance globally to many antibiotic drugs in the prevalent causative pathogens, the presence of risk factors of treatment failure, and the high epidemic of comorbidities (e.g. diabetes and obesity) make the appropriate selection of the antibiotic for physicians highly challenging. The selection of antibiotics is primarily empirical for ABSSSI patients which subsequently can be adjusted based on culture results, although rarely available in outpatient management. There is substantial evidence suggesting that inappropriate antibiotic treatment is given to approximately 20–25% of patients, potentially prolonging their hospital stay and increasing the risk of morbidity and mortality. The current review paper discusses the concerns related to the management of ABSSSI and the patient types who are most vulnerable to poor outcomes. It also highlights the key management time-points that treating physicians and surgeons must be aware of in order to achieve clinical success and to discharge patients from the hospital as early as possible.

Los cursos de Periodismo Televisivo y Taller de Periodismo Televisivo forman parte de la carrera de Bachillerato en Periodismo de la Universidad Federada San Judas Tadeo en Costa Rica. El proceso de aprendizaje en ambos requiere de los estudiantes de una participación activa para comprender las diferentes técnicas de elaboración de productos audiovisuales, redacción y edición de notas informativas, entrevistas y reportajes, entre otros. Por ello, como una forma de mejorar la experiencia de aprendizaje y acercar el curso a las nuevas tecnologías es que, a lo largo de los últimos años, se incorporaron plataformas digitales de enseñanza. La más efectiva hasta ahora ha sido la denominada Moodlecloud. com. Esta investigación planteó la necesidad de conocer los impactos obtenidos de su aplicación para estudiantes, profesor, centro universitario y otros relacionados. Luego de ocho meses de recolección de información, la herramienta permitió llevar un control sobre los trabajos y asignaciones enviados por lo estudiantes con lo cual se comprobó que disminuyó el tiempo de revisión y entrega de las asignaciones por el docente; los estudiantes tuvieron acceso de acuerdo con sus necesidades y en todo momento a lecturas, recursos didácticos, así como discusiones en línea; esto les permitió mantener un control efectivo y en tiempo real de sus notas. Además, se registró un aumento en el promedio de calificaciones y, por último, la digitalización del curso evitó imprimir un aproximado de 10.600 hojas de papel anualmente. Por lo tanto, la digitalización de los cursos de Periodismo Televisivo y Taller de Periodismo debe no solo mantenerse y actualizarse, sino también extenderse a más cursos universitarios.

An indirect method of tissue consistency measurement is proposed, based on intensity and texture features of conventional ultrasound (US) cervix images. Calibration and validation were carried out in five phantoms simulating different cervical firmness, as well as in short and long cervices. Several image features attributed to the histogram, the co–occurrence matrix and the run–length encoding matrix were extracted and analyzed to evaluate their ability to distinguish between degrees of phantoms’ firmness. The most indicative of firmness indices were selected by correlating their values with the phantoms’ elasticities determined through Young’s moduli. Also, a random forest classifier was implemented, allowing to identify the features that contribute the most to class separation between phantoms. Using both tests, six features were selected: mean, standard deviation, entropy, skewness and two RLE-matrix features. A 6–fold cross validation was used to evaluate the model, obtaining a 98.9±0.79% accuracy. Finally, a preliminary case study was conducted upon closed and opened cervical US images, classifying them between both groups using a random forest model, obtaining an 84.34% accuracy. The indicated tests show that intensity and texture features extracted from conventional US images provide indirect and less–invasive information than other methods regarding tissue consistency, and therefore may be used to measure changes in cervical firmness.

Controversy remains surrounding vitamin D routine supplementation in healthy pregnancy, and the doses are unclear. The aim of this study was to describe maternal vitamin D status throughout pregnancy in a group of Mexican women and evaluate the effect of frequently prescribed doses of vitamin D3 on longitudinal 25-OH-D concentrations, adjusting for obesity, season, and other factors. We conducted a cohort study (Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog&iacute, a-INPer) (2017&ndash, 2020)) of healthy pregnant women without complications. Pregestational overweight/obesity (body mass index &ge, 25), vitamin D3 supplementation (prescribed by physician, 0&ndash, 250, 250&ndash, 400, and &gt, 400 IU/day), and serum 25-OH-D concentrations (ELISA) were evaluated in each trimester of pregnancy. Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency was computed (&lt, 20 and &lt, 30 ng/mL, respectively). We studied 141 adult women, 58.5% had pregestational obesity or overweight. In the first trimester, 45.8% of the women were supplemented with vitamin D3, 51.4% had vitamin D insufficiency and 37.3%, deficiency. In the third trimester, 75.4% of the women were supplemented, and 20% of them still had deficiency. The final general mixed linear model showed that 25-OH-D significantly increased throughout pregnancy (p &lt, 0.001), the highest increase was observed in the third trimester in women with doses &gt, 400 IU/day of vitamin D3 (+4 ng/mL, 95% CI: 1.72&ndash, 8.11 ng/mL). In winter/autumn, 25-OH-D concentrations were also lower (p &le, 0.05). In this group of pregnant Mexican women, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was high. A higher increase in 25-OH-D concentrations during pregnancy was observed when the women were supplemented with &gt, 400 IU/day. Common supplementation doses of 250&ndash, 400 IU/day were insufficient for achieving an adequate maternal vitamin D status.

Preeclampsia (PE) and Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) are major contributors to perinatal morbidity and mortality. These pregnancy disorders are associated with placental dysfunction and share similar pathophysiological features. The aim of this study was to compare the placental gene expression profiles including mRNA and lncRNAs from pregnant women from four study groups: PE, IUGR, PE-IUGR, and normal pregnancy (NP). Gene expression microarray analysis was performed on placental tissue obtained at delivery and results were validated using RTq-PCR. Differential gene expression analysis revealed that the largest transcript variation was observed in the IUGR samples compared to NP (n = 461, 314 mRNAs: 252 up-regulated and 62 down-regulated, 133 lncRNAs: 36 up-regulated and 98 down-regulated). We also detected a group of differentially expressed transcripts shared between the PE and IUGR samples compared to NP (n = 39), including 9 lncRNAs with a high correlation degree (p &lt, 0.05). Functional enrichment of these shared transcripts showed that cytokine signaling pathways, protein modification, and regulation of JAK-STAT cascade are over-represented in both placental ischemic diseases. These findings contribute to the molecular characterization of placental ischemia showing common epigenetic regulation implicated in the pathophysiology of PE and IUGR.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the wear of ProTaper Next rotary files, X1, X2, and X3 after shaping 6, 10, and 14 maxillary molar vestibular canals. Materials and Methods: One hundred and sixty-two rotary files were divided into three groups according to the number of prepared canals, namely Group 1 (6 canals), Group 2 (10 canals), and Group 3 (14 canals). After canal preparation, files were embedded in resin molds, sectioned at 6 mm from the tip, and the wearied surface was microscopically evaluated. AutoCAD® software was used to measure the wear of edges in the different sections and multilevel mixed linear regression model to statistically analyze the data. Results: The files exhibited progressive wear as the number of uses increased. X2 and X3 files of Group 2 (10 canals) showed the highest wear, which decrease at 14 canals. Conclusions: X1, X2, and X3 files can shape until 10 canals without loss of their edge effectiveness.

Maternal obesity has been related to adverse neonatal outcomes and fetal programming. Oxidative stress and adipokines are potential biomarkers in such pregnancies; thus, the measurement of these molecules has been considered critical. Therefore, we developed artificial neural network (ANN) models based on maternal weight status and clinical data to predict reliable maternal blood concentrations of these biomarkers at the end of pregnancy. Adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, and resistin), and DNA, lipid and protein oxidative markers (8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine, malondialdehyde and carbonylated proteins, respectively) were assessed in blood of normal weight, overweight and obese women in the third trimester of pregnancy. A Back-propagation algorithm was used to train ANN models with four input variables (age, pre-gestational body mass index (p-BMI), weight status and gestational age). ANN models were able to accurately predict all biomarkers with regression coefficients greater than R2 = 0.945. P-BMI was the most significant variable for estimating adiponectin and carbonylated proteins concentrations (37%), while gestational age was the most relevant variable to predict resistin and malondialdehyde (34%). Age, gestational age and p-BMI had the same significance for leptin values. Finally, for 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine prediction, the most significant variable was age (37%). These models become relevant to improve clinical and nutrition interventions in prenatal care.

Background The aim of this study was to analyze whether late-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) alters regulatory capability in infants, and whether this can be detected using both the neonatal behavior assessment scale (NBAS) and brainstem auditory-evoked potentials (BAEP). Methods The diagnosis of FGR was made on Doppler examination in the third trimester of pregnancy. NBAS and BAEP measurement were performed at 1 month of corrected postnatal age. Results The group with late-onset FGR was integrated with 17 infants and the control group consisted of 14 subjects. The NBAS range of state score, which reflects organization of behavioral state, was low in infants with late-onset FGR. No differences were found in BAEP between groups. No association between NBAS and BAEP was detected. Conclusion Late-onset FGR has a deleterious effect on NBAS range of state, but possibly does not alter BAEP response. It is proposed that regulatory capabilities in the neonatal period play a primary role in subtle cognitive difficulties in infants with late-onset FGR in the long term.

The accuracy of mechanistic models is mainly related to precise determination of cutting force coefficients. The cutting force coefficients are obtained from measured cutting force data from previous machining tests. The calibration procedure of these cutting coefficients is of key importance for a precise cutting force model. The aim of this paper is to analyse the proper conditions required to obtain a good estimation of the cutting force coefficients and the effect of any variation on this estimation. In this paper, a model based on the average chip thickness of the engaged flute is used for peripheral milling. The cutting force coefficients are modelled as varying parameters of the position angle. The influence of chip thickness, tool geometry and tool wear is analysed in the calibration procedure.

International audience; A new method to address the problem of shadowing in fetal brain ultrasound volumes is presented. The proposed approach is based on the spatial composition of multiple 3-D fetal head projections using the weighted Euclidean norm as an operator. A support vector machine, which is trained with optimal textural features, was used to assign weighting according to the posterior probabilities of brain tissue and shadows. Both phantom and real fetal head ultrasound volumes were compounded using previously reported operators and compared with the proposed composition method to validate it. The quantitative evaluations revealed increases in signal-to-noise ratio ≤35% and in contrast-to-noise ratio ≤135% using real data. Qualitative comparisons made by obstetricians indicated that this novel method adequately recovers brain tissue and improves the visibility of the main cerebral structures. This may prove useful both for fetal monitoring and in the diagnosis of brain defects. Overall this new approach outperforms spatial composition methods previously reported.

During the first trimester of pregnancy fetal health assessment is especially important. In the clinical practice, the gestational sac (GS) volume estimation is manually done using a tedious procedure which is prone to physicians' subjectivity. The method proposed in this paper consists on a semiautomatic delimitation of the GS and a segmentation of its content with minimal expert intervention. It is based on spreading active contours (SAC), following a planimetric strategy to define the GS' edges. Additionally, an optimal thresholding method was used to separate solid matter and amniotic fluid. The comparison between manual GS segmentations and those obtained with the proposed SAC method, shows Dice similarities of 90% and a mean Hausdor distance of 5.63 ± 1.94 mm, while the correlation index between SAC and the clinical reference (VOCAL) is 0.997. However, with statistical tests (t-paired) a value of p < 0.05 was obtained, which suggests a difference in the measured volume by the compared methods. The proposed method (SAC) has shown to be reliable, besides of being easy to implement.

The thickness of the nuchal fold is one of the main markers for the detection of Down syndrome during the second trimester of pregnancy. In this paper are reported our preliminary results of the automatic segmentation and measurement of the nuchal fold thickness in ultrasound images of the fetal brain. The method is based on a 2D active shape model used to segment the brain structures involved in the measurement of the nuchal fold: cerebellum; brain midline; the outer edge of the occipital plate; and the outer skin edge. The algorithm was trained and tested in 10 different ultrasound images, using leave one out cross validation. We have obtained an average difference of 0.23 mm from the expert measurement of the nuchal fold, with a standard deviation of 0.1 mm.

Background It is very important for a clinician to know the increased wear of mechanized files when establishing endodontic therapy. The aim of this study was to check the wear of the Primary WaveOne file upon shaping two, four and six maxillary molar vestibular canals. Material and Methods The deterioration of 40 files, divided into four groups, was evaluated microscopically: group 1, control (unused); group 2, two canals; group 3, four canals; and group 4, six canals. After instrumentation, the files were embedded in resin and sectioned at their apical third into three equal parts. To analyze the wear of edges in the different sections, AutoCAD software was used and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was then performed to compare the mean rake angles. Results The files with two and four uses showed slight wear, whereas those with six applications showed significant wear (p

Las variaciones anatomicas de los canales radiculares juegan un papel importante en el exito del tratamiento endodontico, sobre todo en dientes con necrosis pulpar. Tradicionalmente, la preparacion de los canales radiculares se realizo con el uso de limas de acero inoxidable, pero en los ultimos anos, nuevos instrumentos flexibles se introdujeron para evitar o reducir al minimo errores o iatrogenias en la conformacion del sistema canalicular. Se ha propuesto el movimiento reciprocante como alternativa al movimiento de rotacion continua, con el fin de reducir el riesgo de fractura del instrumento y la deformacion del canal radicular. El objetivo de este articulo fue presentar un caso clinico que describe una forma sencilla de realizar el tratamiento endodontico de un premolar maxilar con tres canales radiculares utilizando el sistema reciprocante WaveOne.

Two types of drills were submitted to a drilling process with the objective of determining which tool design offers a decrease in the thrust forces when holes of the same diameter are drilled, under the same mechanizing conditions. One of the drills was with conventional geometry and the other one was with improved geometry. The capture of the mechanized forces is done through a dynamometer platform with piezoelectric sensors. The data is put under a filtering process, to then determine and plot the experimental data and simulated behavior of the drilling processes. The results obtained show a decrease of the thrust forces when drilling with drills that have their active part improved.

International audience; La imagenologa por Ultrasonido (US) es una herramienta til para el diagnstico, seguimiento y tratamiento de diversas enfermedades con aplicaciones en diversas reas de la medicina como la obstetricia. En particular facilita anlisis y evaluacin del sistema nervioso central y permite el seguimiento del estado de salud fetal. De acuerdo a lo reportado por la Sociedad Internacional de Ultrasonido en Obstetricia y Ginecologa un plano de adquisicin del cerebro fetal determinado puede proveer informacin cerebral complementaria dependiendo de la zona que se desee analizar. Actualmente en la clnica, se adquieren varias proyecciones, algunas de las cuales pueden presentar oclusiones. Por tal motivo, en este trabajo se presenta un nuevo mtodo de registro con el objetivo de alinear mltiples estudios cerebrales fetales de US en 3D. El algoritmo comienza con la segmentacin del crneo fetal usando una Maquina de Soporte Vectorial acompaada de caractersticas de textura, intensidad y forma. Posteriormente, se propone modelar la segmentacin de cada crneo como un conjunto de puntos con centros determinados por mltiples mezclas de gaussianas, donde a cada punto se le asigna una probabilidad de pertenencia gaussiana establecida por la probabilidad posterior del proceso de clasificacin. Los resultados cuantitativos muestran que el mtodo propuesto es mejor que los algoritmos de registro basados en intensidad disminuyendo el error hasta un 52% y hasta 39% con respecto a los mtodos de registro basados en caractersticas. Estos resultados muestran que el mtodo propuesto puede ser til para alinear y fusionar la informacin proveniente de mltiples adquisiciones cerebrales fetales de US en 3D.