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This research was aimed to make biolayer coatings enriched with orange peel essential oil (OPEO) on synthetic laminate, oriented poly(ethylene-terephthalate)/polypropylene (PET-O/PP). Coating materials were taken from biobased and renewable waste sources, and the developed formulation was targeted for food packaging. The developed materials were characterized for their barrier (O2, CO2, and water vapour), optical (colour, opacity), surface (inventory of peaks by FTIR), and antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the overall migration from a base layer (PET-O/PP) in an acetic acid (3% HAc) and ethanol aqueous solution (20% EtOH) were measured. The antimicrobial activity of chitosan (Chi)-coated films was assessed against Escherichia coli. Permeation of the uncoated samples (base layer, PET-O/PP) increased with the temperature increase (from 20 °C to 40 °C and 60 °C). Films with Chi-coatings were a better barrier to gases than the control (PET-O/PP) measured at 20 °C. The addition of 1% (w/v) OPEO to the Chi-coating layer showed a permeance decrease of 67% for CO2 and 48% for O2. The overall migrations from PET-O/PP in 3% HAc and 20% EtOH were 1.8 and 2.3 mg/dm2, respectively. Analysis of spectral bands did not indicate any surface structural changes after exposure to food simulants. Water vapour transmission rate values were increased for Chi-coated samples compared to the control. The total colour difference showed a slight colour change for all coated samples (ΔE > 2). No significant changes in light transmission at 600 nm for samples containing 1% and 2% OLEO were observed. The addition of 4% (w/v) OPEO was not enough to obtain a bacteriostatic effect, so future research is needed.

Edible coatings and films provide an environmentally-conscious alternative to plastic food packaging options. This study investigated physico-chemical, morphological and thermal properties of edible coatings and films based on chitosan and gum arabic (GA) enriched with grape seed extract (GSE). Their influence on the quality and shelf-life of whole grain cookies with grape and aronia (chokeberry) pomace (GAP) was also investigated. The addition of 0.1% GSE to the film formulations significantly increased thickness and resistance to water vapor, while reducing water solubility, visible light transmission, and rotational force. Moreover, the addition of GSE influenced the film color (turning it dark, reddish, and yellowish) and microstructure as shown by thermal, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform-infrared analysis. The addition of GSE led to an increase in the total phenolic content. Thus, edible coating led to lower formation of peroxides in cookies during storage. Cookies with edible coatings were harder and tougher but with much better sensory properties than control during six months of storage. Both, an accelerated shelf-life test and a direct shelf-life method confirmed that the GAP cookies with edible film were safe and of acceptable quality after six months of storage. The results of this study showed that GA and chitosan edible film enhanced with GSE had a positive impact on cookie shelf–life.

Fresh (acid coagulated) cheeses belong to a group of soft unripen cheeses which are very popular among consumers. However, owing to the specific composition and properties, these cheeses have a limited shelf life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) onto fresh cheese and to compare it with the commonly used packaging under atmospheric air and vacuum. The produced fresh cheese was packed under normal atmosphere (air), vacuum and modified atmosphere of following composition: (1) 60%N(2):40%CO(2); (2) 70%N(2):30%CO(2). All cheese samples were cool stored for 18 days, whereby the sampling and analyses were conducted every 3 days. During the storage period, there was a continuous decrease in acidity (from 4.66 to 4.47), while the viable counts of the monitored microorganisms increased in the control sample. However, in samples packaged under vacuum and modified atmosphere a slighter decrease in acidity (no result under 4.50) and inhibited microbiological growth were detected. Scores of sensory evaluations were high for all samples (17.63–19.73), whereby the sample packed under MAP with ratio 70%CO(2):30%N(2) obtained the best average score of 17.72 at the end of the 18-day storage period. Other analyses confirmed that vacuum and MAP prolong the shelf life of fresh cheese while preserving its physico-chemical and sensory characteristics. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s13197-020-04308-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

U današnje vrijeme velika je potražnja potrošača za hranom visoke kvalitete te hranom bez kemijskih konzervansa i s produljenim rokom trajnosti. Održavanje visoke kvalitete tijekom dužeg vremena lakopokvarljivih prehrambenih proizvoda je tehnološki izrazito zahtjevno, budući da meso, perad i riba prolaze kroz velike promjene tijekom procesa prerade zbog visokog sadržaja vode koja potpomaže mikrobni rast. Primjena jestivih filmova i prevlaka učinkovita su metoda za očuvanje kvalitete mesa, peradi i ribe, budući da osiguravaju potrebnu barijeru na vodenu paru i ograničavaju prijenos plinova (kao što su O2 i CO2) odgovornih za kvarenje hrane. Jestivi filmovi i prevlake se također mogu koristiti i kao nosači funkcionalnih sastojaka s ciljem očuvanja ili čak poboljšanja kvalitete hrane. Nadalje, mogu poboljšati kvalitetu i izgled upakiranog proizvoda sprječavajući migraciju tvari arome i mirisa te očuvanje strukturalnog integriteta proizvoda. Posebnu kategoriju čine eterična ulja koja su prirodni konzervansi bogati antimikrobnim aktivnim tvarima. Stoga, njihovom inkorporacijom u jestive prevlake i filmove moguće je dizajnirati novu kategoriju anitimikrobne aktivne ambalaže s ciljem poboljšanja mikrobne stabilnosti i produženja trajnosti svježeg mesa i ribe. U ovom radu predočen je osvrt na osnovne principe s primjerima primjene jestivih filmova na proizvodima od mesa i ribe., Nowadays there is a growing interest worldwide in high quality foods, without synthetic preservatives, and that have a longer shelf life. Maintaining the high quality of perishable food over long storage periods is technologically difficult, as meat, poultry and fish are subject to major changes due to their high water content, which favours microbial growth. Edible films and coatings are a good complement for the preservation of meat, poultry and fish, as they can provide protection by acting as barriers to moisture migration and limiting the diffusion of gases (such as O2 or CO2) that are important for food spoilage. Edible films and coatings have also been studied as potential carriers of additives and other functional ingredients to maintain or even improve food quality. They can also improve the quality and appearance of a food by preventing the migration of flavours and aromas and providing structural integrity. A special category belongs to essential oils as natural preservatives rich in antimicrobial substances. Their incorporation forms a new category of antimicrobially active edible coatings and films that improve microbial stability and extend the shelf life of fresh meat and fish. This article presents the general principles with some examples of applications for meat and fish., Heutzutage besteht weltweit ein wachsendes Interesse an hochwertigen Lebensmitteln, die ohne synthetische Konservierungsstoffe hergestellt wurden und eine längere Haltbarkeit aufweisen. Die Aufrechterhaltung der hohen Qualität von verderblichen Lebensmitteln über lange Lagerungszeiträume ist technologisch schwierig, da Fleisch, Geflügel und Fisch aufgrund ihres hohen Wassergehalts, der das Wachstum von Mikroorganismen begünstigt, starken Veränderungen unterworfen sind. Essbare Folien und Beschichtungen sind eine gute Methode für die Konservierung von Fleisch, Geflügel und Fisch, da sie Schutz bieten können, indem sie als Barrieren für die Feuchtigkeitsmigration wirken und die Diffusion von Gasen (wie O2 oder CO2) begrenzen, die für den Verderb von Lebensmitteln wichtig sind. Essbare Folien und Beschichtungen wurden auch als potenzielle Träger von Zusatzstoffen und anderen funktionellen Zutaten verwendet, um die Lebensmittelqualität zu erhalten oder sogar zu verbessern. Sie können auch die Qualität und das Aussehen eines Lebensmittels verbessern, indem sie die Migration von Geschmacks und Aromastoffen verhindern und für strukturelle Integrität sorgen. Eine besondere Kategorie sind ätherische Öle als natürliche Konservierungsmittel, die reich an antimikrobiellen Substanzen sind. Ihre Einarbeitung bildet eine neue Kategorie antimikrobiell aktiver essbarer Beschichtungen und Folien, die die mikrobielle Stabilität verbessern und die Haltbarkeit von frischem Fleisch und Fisch verlängern. In diesem Artikel werden die allgemeinen Grundsätze mit einigen Anwendungsbeispielen für Fleisch und Fisch vorgestellt., Hoy en día, la demanda de los consumidores por alimentos de alta calidad y alimentos sin conservantes químicos y con una vida útil prolongada es alta. Mantener una alta calidad de los alimentos perecederos durante un largo período de tiempo es tecnológicamente extremadamente exigente, ya que los productos cárnicos y pesqueros están sujetos a cambios importantes durante el procesamiento debido a su alto contenido de agua que favorece el crecimiento microbiano. La aplicación de películas y recubrimientos comestibles es un método eficaz para conservar la calidad de la carne, carne de aves y pescado, ya que proporcionan la barrera de vapor necesaria y limitan la transferencia de gases (como O2 y CO2) responsables del deterioro de los alimentos. Las películas y recubrimientos comestibles también pueden ser utilizados como portadores de ingredientes funcionales con el objetivo de conservar o incluso mejorar la calidad de los alimentos. Además, pueden mejorar la calidad y el aspecto del producto envasado evitando la migración de sustancias aromatizantes y olores y preservando la integridad estructural del producto. Los aceites esenciales representan una categoría especial de conservantes naturales ricos en sustancias activas antimicrobianas. Por lo tanto, al incorporarlos en los recubrimientos y películas comestibles, es posible diseñar una nueva categoría de envases activos antimicrobianos con el objetivo de mejorar la estabilidad microbiana y prolongar la vida útil de la carne y del pescado fresco. Este artículo presenta una revisión de los principios básicos con ejemplos de la aplicación de películas comestibles en productos cárnicos y pesqueros., Oggigiorno, la domanda dei consumatori rivolta agli alimenti d’alta qualità, privi di conservanti chimici e di lunga durata è molto grande. Mantenere alta la qualità dei prodotti alimentari facilmente deperibili per lungo tempo è tecnologicamente molto complesso, giacché la carne, il pollame e il pesce, a causa del loro grande contenuto d’acqua che favorisce la crescita batterica, passano attraverso grandi alterazioni durante il processo di lavorazione. L’utilizzo di pellicole e di rivestimenti commestibili, che garantiscono la necessaria barriera al vapore acqueo e limitano la trasmissione dei gas (ad es. O2 e CO2) responsabili del deterioramento dei prodotti alimentari, è un metodo efficace per conservare intatta la qualità della carne, del pollame e del pesce. Le pellicole e i rivestimenti commestibili possono anche essere impiegati come portatori d’ingredienti funzionali finalizzati a conservare o, addirittura, migliorare la qualità del cibo. Possono, inoltre, migliorare la qualità e l’aspetto del prodotto confezionato, impedendo la migrazione dei sapori e degli aromi e conservando integra la struttura del prodotto. Fanno categoria a sé gli oli eterici, conservanti naturali ricchi di sostanze attive antimicrobiche. Incorporando questi ultimi nelle pellicole e nei rivestimenti commestibili, è possibile creare una nuova categoria di imballaggi antimicrobici che consentono di migliorare la stabilità microbica e prolungare la durata della carne e del pesce freschi. Questo studio propone uno sguardo sui principi fondamentali e qualche esempio dell’utilizzo delle pellicole commestibili sui prodotti a base di carne e pesce.

Ce chapitre traite des produits et additifs ajoutés ou déposés sur les matériaux d’emballage classiques comme le métal, le verre ou encore les plastiques. Cela concerne les vernis sur les boites métalliques, les traitements pour durcir la surface ou encore les colles et adhésifs. Les risques pour le consommateur ou pour l’aliment, et la réglementation afférente sont également discutés.

Ce chapitre décrit les procédés d’assemblage de matériaux multicouches, car collage ou co-extrusion, utilisant papiers, plastiques ou métaux en feuilles mince. Le calcul des propriétés barrières est expliqué. Les aspects réglementaires et de sécurité sanitaire sont discutés.

Packaging of dairy products develops continuously along with advances in material technologies, which are in turn a response to demands of consumers. This article aimed to give an overview of currently available dairy packaging systems. Novel dairy packaging systems include new packaging technologies such as the modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) that is widely used nowadays, especially for dairy product like cheese. Application of edible packaging could significantly reduce the costs of cheese packaging by reducing the amount of usually required packaging material. Nanomaterials and active packaging might be useful for extending the shelf life of dairy products by reducing material permeability or negative sensory characteristics of batch processing. Forms of active packaging relevant to dairy foods include oxygen scavenging, carbon dioxide absorbers, moisture and/or flavour/odour taints absorbers; releasing compounds (carbon dioxide, ethanol, antioxidants and/or other preservatives); maintaining temperature control and/or compensating temperature changes and antimicrobial packaging. Antimicrobial packaging is gaining interest from packaging scientists and industry due to its potential for providing quality and their safety benefits. The greatest challenge from the ecological point of view is biodegradable packaging. The main challenges for low waste materials are the durability of the packaging correlated with product shelf life as well as the ecological perspective.

Chitosan based smart films are developed using blueberry and blackberry pomace extracts as active agents at different concentrations (1, 2 and 4% w/v). The whole concept of film production can be considered as eco-friendly contributing to the reduction of generally wasted material, fruit pomace. Blueberry and blackberry pomace showed excellent antioxidant potential that was not diminished after the film production. Chitosan matrix was not significantly changed to influence permeability to oxygen and mechanical properties, while water vapour permeability slightly decreased. Only the film stiffness increased with the addition of extract. Visible and significant colour changes of dry pH indicator films occurred with changing pH. The film colour was visibly transformed from pale yellow for control film, to blue-green and purple (with negative and positive a* values, respectively) with the addition of blueberry and blackberry pomace extracts, respectively. With changing pH from 2 to 10, films with blueberry changed from rose to blue green and with blackberry from red to dark violet. The most significant change was observed in the pH range from 4 to 7 that is important for determination of pH change due to the food spoilage in real foodstuff. Blackberry pomace extract had 4× more polyphenols than blueberry one. As expected, when extracts were added to chitosan films an increase in polyphenol content was also determined and antioxidant activity significantly increased. Films with blackberry pomace extract showed the highest antioxidant capacity probably due to the fact that already pure blackberry pomace extract was better antioxidant than the blueberry one. This result pointed high antioxidant activity of all produced films.

Chitosan and pectin films were enriched with blackcurrant pomace powder (10 and 20% (w/w)), as bio-based material, to minimize food production losses and to increase the functional properties of produced films aimed at food coatings and wrappers. Water vapor permeability of active films increased up to 25%, moisture content for 27% in pectin-based ones, but water solubility was not significantly modified. Mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation at break and Young’s modulus) were mainly decreased due to the residual insoluble particles present in blackcurrant waste. FTIR analysis showed no significant changes between the film samples. The degradation temperatures, determined by DSC, were reduced by 18 °C for chitosan-based samples and of 32 °C lower for the pectin-based samples with blackcurrant powder, indicating a disturbance in polymer stability. The antioxidant activity of active films was increased up to 30-fold. Lightness and redness of dry films significantly changed depending on the polymer type. Significant color changes, especially in chitosan film formulations, were observed after exposure to different pH buffers. This effect is further explored in formulations that were used as color change indicators for intelligent biopackaging.

Research background. Potato tissue is damaged during fresh-cut production, which makes fresh-cut potato susceptible to the quality loss and microbiological spoilage. At the same time, such products are desirable due to their convenience; however, they are extremely sensitive and have short shelf life. The main challenge of the fresh-cut potato industry is to find possibilities to overcome these drawbacks. UV-C treatment, known for its antibacterial activity, is a promising technique and it shows a potential to improve shelf life of fresh-cut potato products. Experimental approach. The influence of the UV-C treatment on the safety and quality, as well as sensory traits of fresh-cut potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Birgit) during storage was examined. For this purpose, 0-, 3-, 5- and 10-min UV-C irradiation was applied on vacuum-packed potato slices pretreated with sodium ascorbate solution. During 23 days of storage at (6±1) °C, microbiological, physicochemical and sensory properties of raw samples were monitored, along with sensory properties of boiled and fried fresh-cut potatoes. Results and conclusions. The 5- and 10-min UV-C treatments significantly reduced microbial growth, increased total solids and lightness (L*), and positively affected odour and firmness of raw potatoes. Cooked UV-C-treated samples were described with more pronounced characteristic potato odour and taste. Overall, UV-C-treated fresh-cut potato retained its good quality and sensory traits up to 15 days at (6±1) °C. Novelty and scientific contribution. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first scientific article dealing with the effect of UV-C light on durability (safety, quality and sensory traits) of fresh-cut potato cv. Birgit and its suitability for boiling and frying. In general, UV-C treatment is a known antimicrobial technique, but its application on fresh-cut potato is poorly explored. Results confirmed that vacuum-packed fresh-cut potato treated only with UV-C and sodium ascorbate as anti-browning agent, without the addition of chemical preservatives, had twofold longer shelf-life at (6±1) °C than the fresh-cut potato not treated with UV-C. Fresh-cut potato treated with UV-C retained good overall quality and sensory properties either raw, boiled or fried. Results of this study could also be useful for producers in terms of potential UV-C application as a strategy for prolonging the shelf-life of fresh-cut potato.

Svježe meso i riba prirodno sadrže veliku količinu vode koja se, zbog oksidacijskih procesa i oštećenja stanične membrane nakon rezanja, otpušta u obliku mesnog soka u upakirani proizvod. Prisutni mesni sok potrošač doživljava kao nepoželjnu karakteristiku, te stoga slijedi i njegovo odbijanje kupnje takvog proizvoda. Isto tako, višak vode potiče mikrobiološki rast, smanjujući stabilnost i trajnost upakiranog mesa. Kako bi se izbjegao taj problem, i postigao privlačan izgled proizvoda, kod pakiranja mesa i ribe koriste se podlošci za apsorpciju mesnog soka. Uporaba apsorbera vlage zajedno sa spojevima sa antimikrobnim djelovanjem rezultira mikrobiološki ispravnim proizvodom dobre kvalitete tijekom njegovog roka trajnosti, Raw meat and fish naturally contain a high amount of water which is, due to the oxidation process and cellular damage, deliberated in the packaging container. The exuding liquids are a sign of undesirable meat characteristics from the customer’s perception, resulting in non-purchasing this product. Furthermore, excess water supports the microbial growth, thus reducing stability and shelf-life of the packaged meat. To overcome such effects and to achieve the acceptable and attractive appearance, absorbent pads are commonly used in the meat industry. Thus, an application of absorbent pad with the antimicrobial agent will result in good quality product and ensure its safety during the entire shelf-life., Rohes Fleisch und Fisch enthalten von Natur aus eine hohe Menge an Wasser, das aufgrund des Oxidationsprozesses und der Zellschädigung im Verpackungsbehälter abgesetzt wird. Die austretenden Flüssigkeiten sind in der Wahrnehmung des Kunden ein Zeichen für unerwünschte Eigenschaften des Fleisches, was zum Nichtkauf des Produktes führt. Darüber hinaus unterstützt überschüssiges Wasser das mikrobielle Wachstum und verringert so die Stabilität und Haltbarkeit des verpackten Fleisches. Um solche Effekte zu überwinden und ein akzeptables und attraktives Erscheinungsbild zu erreichen, werden in der Fleischindustrie üblicherweise saugfähige Pads verwendet. Die Anwendung von Saugeinlagen mit antimikrobiellem Wirkstoff führt zu einer guten Produktqualität und gewährleistet die Sicherheit des Produkts während der gesamten Haltbarkeitsdauer., La carne y el pescado frescos contienen de forma natural una gran cantidad de agua que, debido a los procesos de oxidación y al daño de la membrana celular después del corte, se libera en forma de jugo de carne en el producto envasado. El consumidor percibe el presente jugo de carne como una característica indeseable y, por lo tanto, rechaza comprar tal producto. Asimismo, el exceso de agua estimula el crecimiento microbiológico, reduciendo la estabilidad y durabilidad de la carne envasada. Para evitar este problema y lograr la apariencia aceptable y atractiva del producto, se utilizan almohadillas absorbentes de jugo de carne en el envasado de carne y pescado. El uso de almohadilla absorbente con el agente antimicrobiano da como resultado un producto de buena calidad y garantiza su seguridad durante su vida útil., La carne ed il pesce freschi contengono naturalmente una gran quantità d'acqua che, a causa del processo d'ossidazione e del danneggiamento della membrana cellulare conseguente al taglio, viene rilasciata in forma di succhi nel prodotto confezionato. I succhi della carne e del pesce sono vissuti dal consumatore come una caratteristica indesiderata del prodotto, con conseguenze negative sugli acquisti. D'altro canto, un eccesso di liquidi stimola la crescita microbiologica, il che riduce la stabilità e la durata della carne e del pesce confezionati. Per evitare questo problema e rendere più attraente l'aspetto del prodotto, nel confezionamento della carne e del pesce si impiegano i pad (cuscinetti) che assorbono i succhi. L’impiego di pad assorbenti deumidificatori, unitamente ai composti con azione antimicrobica, dà vita ad un prodotto microbiologicamente idoneo e di buona qualità per tutto il tempo della sua durata.

This book is divided into 13 chapters and focuses on the agro-food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical sectors. The first four chapters cover traditional packaging materials: wood, paper and cardboard, glass and metal. The next two deal, respectively, with plastics and laminates. Biobased materials are then covered, followed by a presentation of active and smart packaging. Some chapters are also dedicated to providing information on caps and closures as well as auxiliary materials. Different food packaging methods are presented, followed by an investigation into the design and labelling of packaging. The book ends with a chapter presenting information on how the choice of packaging material is dependent on the characteristics of the food products to be packaged.

The aim of this work was to study the effect of adding red prickly pear, as wasted source of antioxidants on various characteristics of novel functional (antioxidant) chitosan and pectin film formulations. Four types of prickly pear material were used: fruit pulp or peel, as powdered extracts and as aqueous extracts. Prickly pear peel extract was shown to possess higher antioxidant properties than fruit pulp. The antioxidant power of extracts was pretty high, around 1000 mgAAE∙100 g−1 for extract and that of all films around 100 mgAAE∙100 g−1 for films. Even though some changes in thickness, moisture content, water solubility, oxygen permeability and water vapor permeability of films occurred after the addition of aqueous extracts, the most significant were observed in samples produced with powdered extracts, which led to the significant mechanical failures. Chitosan films had yellow orange taints, while pectin films had rose violet taints. FTIR analysis did not reveal important structural changes. Good antioxidant capacity with unchanged physico-chemical properties, when compared to clean chitosan or pectin, suggested about the possibility of use of novel bio-based prickly pear agricultural waste formulations for potential food packaging applications.

The effect of four edible hydrocolloid coatings (carboxymethyl cellulose, chitosan, pectin and gum arabic) on fresh-cut potato’s colour, pH and moisture content during storage was studied. Possibility of coating enrichment with natural olive leaf extract and sodium ascorbate was also evaluated. Coatings scored as the best ones straight after coating or during storage for 7 days at 10 ± 1 °C, were used for deep fat frying of potato. Chitosan was shown to cause significant decrease in pH and browning of potato strips. Pectin was classified as good coating alone but in combination with olive leaf extract showed lower quality parameters of fresh-cut samples compared to control. Only carboxymethyl cellulose and gum arabic itself or enriched with olive leaf extract or sodium ascorbate were shown not to affect colour, pH and moisture during storage. Moreover, these coatings significantly reduced fat content in deep fat fried potato strips, without influence on L*, b*, whiteness index (WI), and ΔE. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s13197-020-04811-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The influence of cultivar, anti-browning agents, package atmosphere, storage time and temperature on quality and sensory of fresh-cut potatoes (FCP) were investigated. Slices of cv. Birgit and Lady Claire were dipped in water, sodium chloride solution (1 %) and sodium ascorbate solution (2 %) and stored under air, vacuum and active modified atmosphere at 3 °C and 10 °C for 10 days. Dry matter, pH, color and texture properties, gas composition within packages and microbial activity were monitored during storage. Also, raw and boiled FCP were sensory evaluated. Examined influences significantly affected majority of FCP properties. Generally, sodium ascorbate showed more efficiency in browning prevention, as well as vacuum-packaged samples were more acceptable. Storage at 3 °C did not have significantly better effect compared to storage at 10 °C. FCP quality and sensory retained well till the 8th day of storage. Cv. Birgit demonstrated greater potential for FCP production.

Candy products are attractive confectionery items in which popularity can be attrib-uted to a variety of innovative formulations and implementation possibilities of dif-ferent ingredients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of formulated white tea- based pectin jellies with honey in comparison with gelatine gummies both packed in two types of packaging materials-polyethylene (PE-LLD) and metalized poly-propylene (PPmet/PE). Changes in physico-chemical, bioactive, and sensory proper-ties of formulated candies were monitored during 4 months of storage at 4 and 22°C. Alterations in textural parameters for both formulations were mostly influenced by the gelling agent and storage time. Total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, epigallo- catechin and caffeine content in gelatine, and pectin formulations notably decreased at the end of storage, although the gelatine formulation exhibited slightly better retention of bioactive compounds. Gelatine gummies were generally evaluated with the higher scores than pectin jellies during the total storage time in most of all sensory attributes.

By-products of fruit processing, such as grapes and aronia pomace, are rich in fibre and polyphenols, and their application in bakery products could significantly improve nutritional value, bioactive potential and shelf life of final product. This research aimed at optimising wholemeal biscuit formulation with grape and aronia pomaces as partial substitutes for cocoa powder, using the desirability function. Ten formulations with the mixture of cocoa powder, grape and aronia pomace powders in different ratios (0-100%) were tested. The physical properties (texture, colour, thickness, diameter, spread factor), the sensory acceptability of biscuits, and microbiological safety were investigated. The interaction of all three mixture components significantly affected the instrumentally measured redness a* and liking of texture. Biscuit diameter, yellowness b*, and liking of flavour were affected by the interaction of aronia and grape pomace. Biscuit height, spread ratio, hardness, flexibility, toughness, appearance, and odour were not significantly influenced by the mixture composition. The optimized mixture composition contained cocoa, grape pomace, and aronia pomace in the ratio 76.4 : 17.5 : 6.1 (respectively), with the desirability of 0.78. After confirmation, biscuits with that mixture were proven better than the control, that contained 100% cocoa, in terms of decreased hardness (-23%) and toughness (-19%), having the same sensory acceptability, and were microbiologically safe for 5 months. The findings of this study indicate that aronia and grape pomace could be used as partial substitutes for cocoa powder up to 24.3% in the production of wholemeal biscuits.

In the past decades, edible coatings are successful used as a tool to reduce the fat uptake in deep fat fried food products. Significant interests is captured by the scientific society and the food industry sector in order to find the adequate formulation design, film forming polymer properties, components to improve adhesion and active properties. Hydrocolloid coatings can reduce the excessive oil uptake due to their interesting thermogelling properties and at the same time they are invisible and have no negative influence on the sensory attributes of fried foodstuff. Even more, fried products have low fat content with improved nutritional values, higher crispiness and better palatability. This article emphasizes the importance of adequate formulation design for a given product and its action mechanism. Different edible coating materials and their effectiveness on fried food are reviewed. Food items, such as potatoes, meat, fruit and vegetables are covered. Synergistic action with other pre-treatment technologies is also described. It is to expect that edible oil barrier coatings will become an essential strategy for launching healthier fried products and therefore they might be interesting for increasing the profit margins for snack industry.

Investigation was focused on the impact of high power ultrasound (HPUS), also called thermosonication, on the oxygen permeation properties (permeability, solubility and diffusion coefficients) of barrier films aimed for food packaging. For this purpose, biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) coated with acrylic/polyvinylidene chloride (BOPPAcPVDC) and biaxially oriented coextruded polypropylene (BOPPcoex) were used. The physical–chemical profile of the samples was determined using goniometry. There is a significant impact only of extreme HPUS conditions (the longest time and the highest amplitude) on the permeability, solubility and diffusion coefficients of oxygen through the BOPP films. The highest influence on the oxygen permeability in both investigated BOPP samples involved an HPUS with an amplitude of 100% during a 6 min treatment. However, BOPP samples showed different sensitivities at lower HPUS treatments. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry

International audience; Biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) coated with acrylic/polyvinylidene chloride (BOPPAcPVDC) and biaxially oriented coextruded polypropylene (BOPPcoex) films have been treated with high power ultrasound (HPUS) while submerged in water. Polymer structure and the surface morphology changes were noticed, and obtained results were correlated with the physical properties of tested materials. In anticipation of sonochemically enhanced reactions, physical–chemical profile of film samples was determined using thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, UV spectrophotometry and environmental scanning electron microscopy. HPUS-treated samples showed better thermal stability than untreated ones. BOPPAcPVDC samples sonicated for a period of 2 and 6 min and amplitudes 50 and 100% showed higher thermal stability as compared to the untreated one. BOPPcoex film surface change occurred after ultrasonic treatment of 6 min and 100% amplitude which was also attributed to the phenomenon of formation of crystalline cluster on the film surface. The implications of the results are used as possibility of HPUS treatment of packaged food.

Metode pakiranja mliječnih proizvoda neprekidno se razvijaju u skladu s razvojem ambalažnih materijala, te u skladu sa zahtjevima potrošača. Cilj ovog preglednog rada je pružiti uvid u trenutno dostupne nove metode pakiranja mliječnih proizvoda. Pakiranje u modificiranoj atmosferi (MAP) prvenstveno se primjenjuje u sirarstvu. Uporaba jestivih pakiranja značajno je smanjila uobičajeni utrošak ambalažnog materijala za pakiranje sira. Nanomaterijali i aktivno pakiranje mogu se primijeniti u svrhu produljenja roka valjanosti bilo smanjenjem propusnosti materijala ili smanjenjem pojave nepoželjnih senzorskih svojstava mliječnih proizvoda i time utjecati na produljenje njihove kvalitete. U aktivno pakiranje ubrajaju se primjerice izračivači kisika, apsorberi ugljikova dioksida, regulatori vlage/okusa/mirisa, antioksidansi i/ili drugi konzervansi, održavanje nadzora nad temperaturom i/ili kompenziranje temperaturnih promjena, antimikrobno pakiranje, itd. Antimikrobno pakiranje privlači sve više pažnje kako znanstvenika tako i industrije budući da istovremeno omogućava održavanje kvalitete i zdravstvene ispravnosti proizvoda. S ekološkog aspekta najzanimljivijim se smatra pakiranje u biorazgradljivu ambalažu. Glavni izazovi za takve materijale su omogućiti osiguravanje čvrstoće i integriteta pakovine u odnosu na trajnost proizvoda., Packaging of dairy products develops continuously along with advances in material technologies, which are in turn a response to demands of consumers. This article aimed to give an overview of currently available dairy packaging systems. Novel dairy packaging systems include new packaging technologies such as the modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) that is widely used nowadays, especially for dairy product like cheese. Application of edible packaging could significantly reduce the costs of cheese packaging by reducing the amount of usually required packaging material. Nanomaterials and active packaging might be useful for extending the shelf life of dairy products by reducing material permeability or negative sensory characteristics of batch processing. Forms of active packaging relevant to dairy foods include oxygen scavenging, carbon dioxide absorbers, moisture and/or flavour/odour taints absorbers; releasing compounds (carbon dioxide, ethanol, antioxidants and/or other preservatives); maintaining temperature control and/or compensating temperature changes and antimicrobial packaging. Antimicrobial packaging is gaining interest from packaging scientists and industry due to its potential for providing quality and their safety benefits. The greatest challenge from the ecological point of view is biodegradable packaging. The main challenges for low waste materials are the durability of the packaging correlated with product shelf life as well as the ecological perspective.

The main objective of this work is to develop and characterize novel bio-based sensor as intelligent food packaging film to monitor quality changes in fresh chicken meat. Chitosan (CS) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were used as polymer matrices for immobilization of pH sensitive color indicators. Generally considered as a food waste, blueberry (BP) and red grape skin pomace (RP) extracts were used as indicators at total phenolic content (TPC) of 0.06, 0.13, and 0.25 w/v for BP, and 0.006, 0.012, and 0.02 w/v for RP-based films. Color, mechanical, and intelligent material properties were determined. CS films were more elastic than CMC, while no significant changes in mechanical properties occurred after the addition of both extracts at all concentrations. Notable and eye recognizable color changes in dry films were seen. It was the most significant in the pH range from 4 to 7. For CMC-based films, color changed from violet to pink for BP extracts and from red to pink for RP extracts. For CS films, the changes were less significant. The color taint and intensity changed toward green in blueberry-based films and to orange in grape seed extract-based films. Significant color changes were observed after 46 hr in application tests on fresh chicken meat. This was correlated to pH changes of meat above 6 that was one of the parameters considered as an indication of spoilage. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This work provides interesting data to food industry. It offers an idea and possibility of managing food waste from fruits and vegetables industry that makes problems and costs when needed to be disposed in a proper manner. Moreover, there is the possibility of producing novel kind of food packaging materials that could be used in order to check the end of food shelf-life in an inexpensive and natural way. Additional value lies in the fact that materials and procedures could be considered as sustainable.

Low-density polyethylene is a classic material used for food packaging due to its numerous advantages, but low oxygen barrier property is its main weakness. To improve permeability properties, double-layered polyethylene/polycaprolactone (PE/PCL) films were prepared with the addition of zeolite or/and magnetite in PCL layer. Zeolite and magnetite nanoparticles were added as the modifiers in PCL film, as they slow down the process of oxygen permeability. For the multicomponent materials of great importance is matrix-filler interaction that result in better dispersion of particles in the matrix and greater adhesion. The consequence of nanoparticle usage is development of new formulation strategies for composites which have potential applications in various types of packaging (dried food, frozen food, etc.). Particularly important for the double-layered films is good adhesion between two layeres of films as they can easily separate under the mechanical stress. Food packaging, except good barrier, is needed to have good thermal and mechanical properties because they have to be flexible and endure the higher temperatures, like sterilization, etc. For the studied samples, oxygen permeability parameters were analyzed but also thermal and mechanical properties were determined. It is found that thermal stability and mechanical properties of double-layered films compared to PE film alone were improved, especially for the samples when zeolite is modified with magnetite. Oxygen barrier performance in modified PE/PCL samples was improved, as it can be seen in sample with higher content of magnetite in zeolite.

The aim of this study was to investigate the permeability properties of synthetic polymeric materials and their influence on the quality of packed chilled pork. Barrier properties of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) coated with acrylic/polyvinylidene chloride (BOPPAcPVDC) and biaxially oriented coextruded polypropylene (BOPPcoex), were tested on three gases: oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen at different temperatures: 4 °C, 20 °C, 40 °C and 60 °C. Coefficients of permeability, diffusion and solubility were determined. The quality parameters of vacuum packed fresh chilled pork stored under controlled temperature over a 21-day period were evaluated with physico-chemical, sensory and microbiological analyses. Results showed that BOPPAcPVDC film provided better protection for fresh pork than BOPPcoex film in terms of physico-chemical, sensory and microbiological attributes, due to its greater barrier behaviour, with smaller permeance data (q) (0.98 to 324 cm3/m2 · d · bar) for BOPPAcPVDC, compared to BOPPcoex (227 to 6200 cm3/m2 · d · bar), in the temperature range from 4 °C to 60 °C (p

This investigation was focused on the influence of long-living neutral reactive oxygen species on the physico-chemical properties of acryl-coated polypropylene foils for food packaging. Reactive species were formed by passing molecular oxygen through a microwave discharge and leaking it to a processing chamber of a volume of 30 L, which was pumped by a rotary pump. The density of neutral O-atoms in the chamber was tuned by adjustment of both the effective pumping speed and the oxygen leak rate. The O-atom density was measured with a catalytic probe and was between 3 × 1018 and 5 × 1019 m−3. Commercial foils of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) coated with acrylic/ poly(vinylidene chloride) (AcPVDC) were mounted in the chamber and treated at room temperature by O atoms at various conditions, with the fluence between 1 × 1021 and 3 × 1024 m−2. The evolution of the surface wettability versus the fluence was determined by water contact angle (WCA) measurements, the formation of functional groups by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the morphology by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The WCA dropped from the initial 75° to approximately 40° after the fluence of a few 1022 m−2 and remained unchanged thereafter, except for fluences above 1024 m−2, where the WCA dropped to approximately 30°. XPS and AFM results allowed for drawing correlations between the wettability, surface composition, and morphology.

482Processing and packaging are the two important phases of operations in the food industry. The final phase is the packaging stage. Packaging fresh and unprocessed fruits and vegetables poses many challenges for packaging technologists. As with all products, it is essential to work with the highest quality raw materials, and this is especially true for this product group, often referred to as fresh produce. A great deal of automation strategies are constantly being utilized in every phase of processing and packaging. The correct packaging enables processors to pack fresh and fresh-cut fruit and vegetables and extend their shelf life. The important parameters for this shelf life extension are temperature, moisture, and a modified atmosphere (oxygen [O2], carbon dioxide [CO2], and ethylene [C2H4]). If both temperature and packaging are optimal, aging of fruit and vegetables can be slowed down significantly. Packaging for chilled foods shows a greater variety than for other preservation systems. This is because it is the microbiological growth within the food that limits the shelf life and not the interaction between the food and package. To extend the quality storage life of a frozen food product, the packaging material should restrict the rate at which the volatiles 483responsible for the flavor of the food are lost. Again, barrier properties are important as they dictate the transfer rates of moisture, gases, and aroma molecules from the product to the outside environment. Dried vegetables can suffer significant modifications that bring about their deterioration during storage. The factors that determine these degradations impose at the same time the type of packaging materials and storage conditions for packaged products. The vision of the future of packaging is one in which the package will increasingly operate as a smart system incorporating both smart and conventional materials, adding value and benefits across the packaging supply chain.

The barrier property of a plastic polymer is a measure of its ability to permit the transfer of permeants such as gases, water vapor and aromas. Barrier polymers are often multiple layer laminates composed of a water vapor and gas barrier layer, a heat sealable layer and a structural or protective layer. As barriers they separate food from the external environment and limit the movement of permeants such as gases, vapors and aromas. Physical factors such as temperature, humidity, polymer orientation, and cross-linking can affect the barrier properties of a polymer. Knowledge of the barrier properties of plastic polymers is crucial for the design of food packaging that will deliver the desired shelf life.

Potaknuti nastojanjima industrije da zadovolji potrebe potrošača za svježe pečenim, raznolikim i kvalitetnim pekarskim proizvodima istražili smo utjecaj dodatka ječmenog kiselog tijesta i vakuumskog hlađenja na kakvoću polupečenog kruha pakiranog u modificiranoj atmosferi tijekom skladištenja pri sobnim uvjetima. Ječmeno kiselo tijesto fermentirano je s pomoću bakterije Lactobacillus reuteri (DSM 20016, F275). Polupečeni kruh s dodanim kiselim tijestom bio je mikrobiološki ispravan sve do tridesetog dana skladištenja, dok je na kruhu bez dodatka kiselog tijesta plijesan bila vidljiva na trideseti dan skladištenja. Udjel vlage, fizikalna i senzorska svojstva određeni su nakon dodatnog pečenja polupečenog kruha, i to nakon 1, 8, 15, 22 i 30 dana skladištenja. Na petnaesti dan skladištenja zabilježen je gubitak vlage (5 %), nakon čega je udjel vlage ostao nepromijenjen do kraja ispitivanog vremena. Tijekom skladištenja došlo je do kontinuiranog smanjenja teksturalne kvalitete kruha, uslijed stvrdnjavanja sredine, dok se njegov okus i miris nisu promijenili sve do pojave plijesni. Analizom glavnih komponenata utvrđene su glavne razlike u okusu i mirisu analiziranog kiselog i kontrolnog kruha, kao i u tvrdoći sredine i udjelu vlage. Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju pozitivan utjecaj dodatka ječmenog kiselog tijesta fermentiranog s pomoću L. reuteri na kakvoću polupečenog kruha, naročito na mekšu teksturu sredine kruha tijekom barem 15 dana skladištenja i sprečavanje porasta plijesni i bakterija tijekom 30 dana. Proces vakuumskog hlađenja kruha s dodatkom kiselog tijesta poboljšao je njegov oblik i poroznost, smanjio kiseli okus i mrvljivost, te posvijetlio boju kore. Stoga se ovi procesi mogu uspješno primijeniti za poboljšanje skladišne kakvoće polupečenog kruha pakiranog u modificiranoj atmosferi., Driven by the bakery industry urge to satisfy consumer demand for fresh, diverse and high quality bakery products, we investigated the influence of barley sourdough and vacuum cooling on shelf life quality of partially baked bread stored in modified atmosphere packaging at ambient conditions. Barley sourdough was fermented with Lactobacillus reuteri (DSM 20016, F275). Partially baked bread with sourdough was microbiologically acceptable during 30 days of storage, while bread without sourdough had detectable mould on the 30th day. Stored bread samples were rebaked after 1, 8, 15, 22 and 30 days to determine moisture content, physical and sensorial properties. Moisture loss (5 %) was detected on the 15th day, after which it remained stable until the end of investigated storage period. Nevertheless, textural quality of stored bread continuously declined due to crumb firming. Bread flavour did not change during mould-free storage time. The principal component analysis identified major differences in the flavour of sour and control bread, also in crumb firmness and moisture content of samples. This study indicates the positive role of barley sourdough fermented with L. reuteri in improving crumb texture for at least 15 days, and ensuring mould- and bacteria-free partially baked bread for 30 days. Vacuum cooling combined with sourdough improved bread shape, porosity, and reduced sour taste, crust colouring and rumbliness. Hence, it can successfully extend shelf life quality of partially baked bread in modified atmosphere packaging.

Linear low density polyethylene (PE-LLD) and cast polypropylene (PPcast) films were irradiated in a 60Co γ-source. The total irradiation dose varied from 0 kGy (unirradiated samples) to 200 kGy. Oxygen transport was investigated by a manometric method and the structural changes were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Free radicals decay as a function of time was monitored by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The results show that the γ-irradiation reduces oxygen permeability coefficient in both films. The reduction was associated with an increase in crystallinity. DSC thermograms revealed a decrease in PPcast melting point with increasing irradiation dose, indicating higher degradation compared to PE-LLD. The observed peak in FTIR spectra for both samples at 1716 cm−1 corresponds to the stretching of the carbonyl and carboxylic groups which arise from the reaction of oxygen with the free radicals produced in the polymer matrix as a result of irradiation.