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The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) estimated that approximately 9% of current jobs within OECD member states are threatened with automation and digitalization--all significant successes and advances in artificial intelligence, robotics, and computer science. With such global changes and forecasts, in the labor market, there are ever-evolving demands on employees and employers to gain or update new and/or different skill sets and competencies. Further to the threat of automation and digitalization, international organizations are monitoring and estimating labor market trends considering COVID-19 and its impact on the various economies worldwide. A key challenge will be to reduce unemployment by skills development and training, whether through upskilling to remain acquainted with and ensure skills match present labor market needs, or reskilling. An evidence and gap map (EGM) is a decision making and research prioritization tool used to identify areas of evidence as well as gaps in research to inform social policy, program, and research priorities. This EGM is aligned with the priorities of the Future Skills Centre (FSC), a pan-Canadian initiative, and who will be the map's primary user. FSC's mandate is to connect ideas and innovations generated across Canada so that employees and employers may thrive in the labor market, and to ensure that economies at the local, regional, and national levels flourish. FSC will use this rapid and evidence gap map to direct their future research agenda, which is time-sensitive due to the social and economic consequences of COVID-19. The objective of this EGM is to identify primary studies and systematic reviews on the effects of adult skills development and training on outcomes for the jobseeker/employee, employer and labor market systems in high income countries.

Byline: Paulo N. Figueiredo, Conceicao Vedovello, Marne Melo, Luciana M. Marins This article seeks to add new empirical evidence, from a late-industrialising standpoint, to the literature related to the way in which Research and Technology Institutes (RTIs) contribute to building up a National System of Innovation (NSI). This study is based on a sample of 11 RTIs in Brazil that are dedicated to the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) industry. The framework for capabilities identifies three dimensions: technical, organisational and human resources. Links between RTIs and other organisations of the innovation system (e.g., universities, technical centres, laboratories and firms) are examined here as key sources to build up such capabilities. Over the past few years, the capabilities of the sampled RTIs have not been confined to basic levels. Several RTIs have progressively upgraded their capabilities to carry out innovative activities. This contributes to building up an NSI in Brazil. Links between RTIs and other innovation system organisations vary from informal, human resource based and formal (e.g., joint research). Our findings contradict some current arguments that point to a pervasive deterioration of innovation systems in countries like Brazil, following the policy changes from the 1990s and the intensification of globalisation.