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Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune, multisystem disorder characterised by thrombocytopenia, venous and/or arterial thrombosis, pathological course of pregnancy in women in the presence of a heterogeneous group of antibodies - antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Our aim is to evaluate the correlation between aPL, antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and clinical manifestations in patients with APS. Patients were tested for the aPL directed against cardiolipin (aCL), β2glikoprotein1 (anti-β2GPI) and prothrombin (anti-prothrombin), by the method of ELISA. In our group, secondary APS is 87.5% and primary is 12.5%. Patients with positive aCL are 85.3%, β2GPI - 74.3% and 3.7% for anti-prothrombin. The secondary APS is in the context of: SLE - 74.2%, RA - 8.8%, vasculitis - 8.8%, others - 8.2%. The Pearson analysis establishes strong, statistically significant positive correlation between: aCL and β2GPI, β2GPI and anti-M2, anti-Scl70, anti- RibP, β2GPI/aCL and anti-M2. Most often positive aPL is for aCL, followed by anti- β2GPI and most frequently anti-protrombin. In half of the patients with complicated pregnancies is found the coexistence of aCL and anti-β2GPI. In the conducted correlation analysis showed a statistically significant association between miscarriage and the presence of anti-β2GPI. Severity of clinical manifestations of APS correlates directly proportional to the titer and number of aPL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune, multisystem disease, with complex pathogenesis and unknown etiology. Nearly 36% of patients with SLE exhibit co-morbidity with APS in the European population. Antiphospholipid syndrome is characterised by two groups of antibodies, one is directed against certain phospholipids, and other, against their protein cofactors. In antiphospholipid syndrome is used the revised classification criteria of Sydney in 2006. Atherosclerosis is the most common pathological process affecting the vessel wall causing cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, leading to vascular events. In recent years, it is found that role in atherogenesis plays inflammatory component of immune response. Some autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erithematosus (SLE), antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and others are characterised by the development of accelerated atherosclerosis. In our group, we studied 23 patients fulfilling revised classification criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome Sydney 2006 and established a difference in intima-media thickness (IMT) of patients and control guppy approximately 100 μm. In statistical processing is demonstrated strong correlation between IMT of patients and controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Exercise-induced desaturation is a common finding in patients with moderate and severe COPD. It is an important marker in the course of disease that has a prognostic value for mortality risk.

Background: Stress associated with learning of a psychomotor task can influence the trainees learning ability. Surgical simulation is a validated training milieu designed to replicate real-life situations, prevent biases and provide objective metrics. However, the complexity of stress mechanisms and the absence of a reliable detection method make stress estimation difficult to quantify and to interpret.

Medical simulation is a rapidly expanding area within medical education due to advances in technology, significant reduction in training hours and increased procedural complexity. Simulation training aims to enhance patient safety through improved technical competency and eliminating human factors in a risk free environment. It is particularly applicable to a practical, procedure-orientated specialties.

Introduction: Exogenous hypoxia increases ventilation and contracts the pulmonary vessels. Whether those factors change the values of nitric oxide in exhaled air has not yet been evaluated. Objective: To examine the effect of exogenous normobaric hypoxia on the values of the fraction of nitric oxide in exhaled breath (FeNO). Subjects аnd Methods: Twenty healthy non-smoker males at mean age of 25.4 (SD = 3.7) were tested. The basal FeNO values were compared with those at 7 min. and 15 min. after introducing into the hypoxic environment (hypoxic tent), imitating atmospheric air with oxygen concentration corresponding to 3200 m above sea level. Exhaled breath temperature was measured at baseline and at 10-12 min. of the hypoxic exposition. Heart rate and oxygen saturation were registered by pulse-oximetry. Results: All the subjects had FeNO values in the reference range. The mean baseline value was 14.0 ± 3.2 ppb, and in hypoxic conditions - 15.5 ± 3.8 ppb (7 min.) and 15.3 ± 3.6 ppb (15 min.), respectively, as the elevation is statistically significant (p = 0.011 and p = 0.008). The values of exhaled breath temperature were 33.79 ± 1.55°С and 33.87 ± 1.83°С (p = 0.70) at baseline and in hypoxic conditions, respectively. Baseline oxygen saturation in all subjects was higher than that, measured in hypoxia (96.93 ± 1.29% vs. 94.27 ± 2.53%; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Exogenous hypoxia leads to an increase of FeNO values, but does not affect the exhaled breath temperature.

Obstructive lung diseases such as bronchial asthma, COPD, and cystic fibrosis are a burden on many patients across the globe. Spirometry is considered the gold standard for diagnosing airflow obstruction, but it can be difficult for pediatric patients to do and requires a lot of effort. As a result, healthcare providers need new, effortless methods to diagnose airway obstructions, particularly in young children and individuals unable to perform the spirometry maneuver. The forced oscillation technique is a modern method requiring only tidal breathing combined with the application of external, source of low-amplitude oscillations to evaluate the respiratory system's response. It might be essential for identifying early respiratory changes caused by smoking, childhood asthma, and may prove more sensitive than spirometry in identifying peripheral airway disturbances or evaluating the long-term success of therapy. This review describes the methodology and the indications for the forced oscillation technique and outlines its relevance in clinical practice., (This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Introduction: Despite significant development in systemic therapy and radiotherapy, surgery is still the cornerstone for curative lung cancer treatment. Although predicted postoperative function (ppo) somewhat exactly correlates with actual postoperative function bigger differences may be a cause of serious clinical outcome., (This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Introduction: Exercise-induced desaturation is common in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It provides additional information about physical capacity and disease evolution, and it is an important predictor of mortality., (This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Introduction: The essential tools doctors need to diagnose breast cancer tumors at the early stages and with no clinical presentation are screening mammography and ultrasonography. Nonpalpable breast lesions are a current problem nowadays and there are various types of navigation techniques that are utilized in order to achieve cancer cell-free resection margins in the first place. Intraoperative ultrasound has been proven to be a safe and effective way to excise this type of breast tumors., Aim: To study the correlation between the experience we obtained while using intraoperative ultrasound for excision of nonpalpable breast lesions, and the duration of surgery., Materials and Methods: Twenty-five women with nonpalpable breast lesions underwent breast-conserving surgery using ultrasound navigation. Nominal and ordinal data were presented using numbers and percentages. Spearman's rank-order correlation was used to assess the effect of experience gained on the duration of surgery., Results: The tumor distribution was 72% malignant tumors and 28% benign. A 100% identification rate in the effective surgical excisions was reported. In the process of gaining experience using the method, the duration of surgery shortened by 30%. No tumor cells on ink were found in all specimens and there was no need for secondary surgeries., Conclusions: Our results demonstrate a relatively short learning curve, and we believe that breast surgeons should be helped and encouraged to gather adequate expertise to ensure patient safety and gain confidence., (This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Worldwide up to May 2022 there have been 515 million cases of COVID-19 infection and over 6 million deaths. The World Health Organization estimated that 115,000 healthcare workers died from COVID-19 from January 2020 to May 2021. This toll on human lives prompted this review on 5G based networking primarily on major components of healthcare delivery: diagnosis, patient monitoring, contact tracing, diagnostic imaging tests, vaccines distribution, emergency medical services, telesurgery and robot-assisted tele-ultrasound. The positive impact of 5G as core technology for COVID-19 applications enabled exchange of huge data sets in fangcang (cabin) hospitals and real-time contact tracing, while the low latency enhanced robot-assisted tele-ultrasound, and telementoring during ophthalmic surgery. In other instances, 5G provided a supportive technology for applications related to COVID-19, e.g., patient monitoring. The feasibility of 5G telesurgery was proven, albeit by a few studies on real patients, in very low samples size in most instances. The important future applications of 5G in healthcare include surveillance of elderly people, the immunosuppressed, and nano- oncology for Internet of Nano Things (IoNT). Issues remain and these require resolution before routine clinical adoption. These include infrastructure and coverage; health risks; security and privacy protection of patients' data; 5G implementation with artificial intelligence, blockchain, and IoT; validation, patient acceptance and training of end-users on these technologies.