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The human diet is a factor for disease prevention and the extension of life expectancy. Loss of teeth can adversely affect chewing capacity, which can lead patients to modify their diet and subsequently result in a poor dietary intake. This work is conducted within the framework of an ongoing research project in the Dentistry School of Universidad de la Frontera aimed at designing a diet for patients with complete removable dental prostheses (CRDP). This study aimed to evaluate the hardness of foods in a diet designed for patients using CRDP, using texture profile analysis (TPA). TPA was used to measure the hardness of 43 foods, categorized into seven groups, dairy, animal protein, fruits, vegetables, cereals and grains, high-lipid foods, and vegetable protein, to understand their impact on masticatory performance in CRDP wearers. TPA consists of two compression cycles where the food sample is compressed until it reaches a pre-established deformation. The first force peak achieved in the first cycle is used as a measure of sample hardness. Significant differences in hardness were identified within each food group, indicating a wide spectrum of textural properties that could influence chewing behavior. These findings suggest that assessing food hardness can help tailor dietary recommendations to improve masticatory efficiency in patients with dental prostheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As sociedades democráticas contemporâneas são plurais e precisam lidar com as inúmeras divergências que emergem do multiculturalismo. As diferentes opiniões e visões de mundo deveriam contribuir para o debate político e influenciar as decisões coletivas de uma maneira em que todos os interesses fossem tratados com igualdade. No entanto, as decisões colegiadas do STF, que no cenário jurídico-político brasileiro tem tido a última palavra do direito, não demonstram dar à diversidade de expressões culturais a mesma voz; não demonstram harmonizar as divergências, mas antes intensificá-las. Cada voto se baseia em um referente interpretativo diferente, fragmentando a unidade do direito. Esta pesquisa objetiva, a partir dos aportes teóricos de Ronald Dworkin, problematizar a ideia de pluralismo jurídico com a noção de integridade do direito. Além disso, serão analisados alguns aspectos do paradigma da différence e os seus efeitos no âmbito da hermenêutica constitucional. Como resultado, apresenta-se o pensamento de Ronald Dworkin como uma possível resistência ao pluralismo radical da différence na medida em que pressupõe uma identidade para o direito capaz de mediar divergências.

Chewing is a complex procedure that involves sensory feedback and motor impulses controlled by the trigeminal system in the brainstem. The analysis of mandibular movement is a first approximation to understanding these mechanisms. Several recording methods have been tested to achieve this. Video, ultrasound, the use of external markers and kinesiographs are examples of recording systems used in research. Electromagnetic articulography is an alternative method to those previously mentioned. It consists of the use of electromagnetic fields and receiver coils. The receiver coils are placed on the points of interest and the 3D coordinates of movement are saved in binary files. In the Oral Physiology Laboratory of the Dental Sciences Research Center (Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas—CICO), in the Faculty of Dentistry at the Universidad de La Frontera (Temuco, Chile) several research studies have been carried out using the AG501 3D EMA articulograph (Carstens Medizinelektronik, Lenglern, Germany). With this device, they developed a series of protocols to record mandibular movement and obtain new information, such as the 3D Posselt polygon, the area of each polygon, individualized masticatory cycles and speed and acceleration profiles. Other investigations have analyzed these parameters, but separately. The AG501 allows for holistic analysis of all these data without altering natural movement. A limitation of this technology is the interference generated by its metallic elements. The aim of the present work is to show the developed methods used to record mandibular movement in the CICO, using the AG501 and compare them with others used in several research studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a group of pathologies that affect the temporomandibular joint and its related structures, producing intracapsular and muscular pathologies. The aim of this study is to describe, by electromagnetic articulography (EMA) and simultaneous electromyography (sEMG), the mandibular postural position and mouth opening in healthy patients and with articular and/or muscular pathology. Materials and methods: A pilot study was conducted with a sample of sixteen participants aged 18 years or older who attended the TMDs and Orofacial Pain Polyclinic of the University of La Frontera due to TMDs. The physiological inoculation space was evaluated from the mandibular postural position (MPP) with swallowing command and without command, in both healthy patients and patients with articular, muscular, and mixed TMDs, measured simultaneously with EMA and sEMG. An angular measurement of the oral opening was also performed with the data obtained. Results: The physiological inoculation space was obtained from the determination of the MPP through the procedures with swallowing command and without command, and different mouth opening degrees were evaluated. Conclusions: Simultaneous position and sEMG records can be produced from EMA, and different characterization variables such as the vertical distance, Euclidean distance, and angle can be obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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