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This article examines the transformation of photography in China during the 1980s, specifically the shift from state-controlled visual culture to a more diverse and independent artistic expression. It discusses the concept of the "third realm," an intermediate space between the state and society, and how it influenced photography during this period. The article explores the role of camera clubs in promoting aestheticism and propaganda photography, as well as the emergence of independent photography groups that challenged these dominant modes. It highlights the tensions and negotiations between different approaches to photography in China during the 1980s, and how collaboration between the state and society shaped its development. [Extracted from the article]

The northwest European shelf (NWS) seas are environmentally and economically important, and an understanding of how their climate may change helps with their management. However, as the NWS seas are poorly represented in global climate models, a common approach is to dynamically downscale with an appropriate shelf sea model. We develop a set of physical marine climate projections for the NWS. We dynamically downscale 12 members of the HadGEM3-GC3.05 perturbed parameter ensemble (approximately 70 km horizontal resolution over Europe), developed for UKCP18, using the shelf sea model NEMO CO9 (7 km horizontal resolution). These are run under the RCP8.5 high-greenhouse-gas-emission scenario as continuous simulations over the period 1990–2098. We evaluate the simulations against observations in terms of tides, sea surface temperature (SST), surface and near-bed temperature and salinity, and sea surface height. These simulations represent the state of the art for NWS marine projections. We project an SST rise of 3.11 °C (± 2 σ = 0.98 °C) and a sea surface salinity (SSS) freshening of - 1.01 (± 2 σ = 0.93; on the (unitless) practical salinity scale) for 2079–2098 relative to 2000–2019, averaged over the NWS (approximately bounded by the 200 m isobar and excluding the Norwegian Trench, the Skagerrak and Kattegat), a substantial seasonal stratification increase (23 d over the NWS seas), and a general weakening of the NWS residual circulation. While the patterns of NWS changes are similar to our previous projections, there is a greater warming and freshening that could reflect the change from the A1B emissions scenario to the RCP8.5 concentrations pathway or the higher climate sensitivity exhibited by HadGEM3-GC3.05. Off the shelf, south of Iceland, there is limited warming, consistent with a reduction in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and associated northward heat transport. These projections have been publicly released, along with a consistent 200-year present-day control simulation, to provide an evidence base for climate change assessments and to facilitate climate impact studies. For example, we illustrate how the two products can be used to estimate climate trends, unforced variability and the time of emergence (ToE) of the climate signals. We calculate the average NWS SST ToE to be 2034 (with an 8-year range) and 2046 (with a 33-year range) for SSS. We also discuss how these projections can be used to describe NWS conditions under 2 and 4 °C global mean warming (compared with 1850–1900), as a policy-relevant exemplar use case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-indigenous species have been widely recognized as major drivers of biodiversity loss. However, management in marine ecosystems entails particular challenges of detection and control, with an approach which requires stakeholders from the government, academia and the public. To generate a first approach to what should be the national Chilean agenda for non-indigenous species (NIS) management, a workshop was convened at the Universidad Católica del Norte in Coquimbo on the past, present and future of marine bioinvasions in Chile. The workshop, with more than 60 participants, including academics and public services, gathered information from the published literature on the state of the art of marine bioinvasions in Chile and proposed a work agenda for the coming years. The results highlight that the design and implementation of more focused and effective management policies and programs will be required to potentially reduce the rates of new invasions and identify mitigation strategies. We present the first proposed NIS research and management agenda for Chile developed through a collaborative process between researchers and the Chilean government, with a joint vision of both the challenges and solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the manifestation of Venetian visual culture of the Renaissance in the island of Cyprus, which, between 1474/89 and 1570/1, stood as one of Venice's Mediterranean colonies. To date, scholarship on panel and wall painting production of Venetian Cyprus has devoted careful attention to the infiltration of Italian details and styles in the broader sense—mainly drawn from the Italian Middle Ages—thus failing to notice any correlations between Cypriot visual arts and contemporary Venetian. In this study, I aim to provide an overarching perspective that will illuminate the presence and assimilation of fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Venetian visual vocabulary in Cypriot artistic capital. With an emphasis on devotional painting, I will examine iconographic schemes, such as the Man of Sorrows and the Holy Conversation, and facets of stylistic and iconographic correspondences between the two territories. I will also probe the architectural function, purpose, and tenor of lunette-shaped panels in Cyprus and collate them with their Venetian equivalents. Put simply, I hope to flesh out the artistic contact Cypriot artists and their sponsors maintained with Venice rather than with Italy as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coastal marine monitoring is a specialized field of research requiring the acquisition of long-term datasets regarding the main physico-chemical and biological variables that characterize the aquatic environments as a key strategy to depict the environmental status and its possible changes due to natural or anthropogenic stressors. During the last few decades, the devices used in this research field underwenta great evolution. This progress has been made possible by the advancement of the technologies and data processing that have resulted in the availability of new systems for autonomous monitoring. This paper reviews the state of the art of coastal marine monitoring systems developed since 1988 at the Istituto Sperimentale Talassografico—Experimental Thalassographic Institute of Messina (CNR IST), a part of the Italian National Research Council, and continued when the Institute was incorporated into the Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero—Institute for Marine Coastal Environment (IAMC). The research activity focused on coastal marine monitoring starting at the end of 1988 and lasting for about 30 years, up to the re-organization of the CNR Institutes. This event led to the redistribution of former marine research centers into new Institutes, with missions different to those characterizing the previous structures. Monitoring experiments were performed, and new automatic devices were developed and tested. Some of these systems, including water samplers and integrated data acquisition and transmission systems, are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Artemisinin (ART) is very common as a diet additive due to its immunoregulatory activities. Nonetheless, the immunoregulatory mechanism of ART in marine fish remains unknown. This study comprehensively examined the effects and explored the potential mechanism of ART ameliorating intestinal immune disease (IID) in fat greenlings (Hexagrammos otakii). Methods and results: The targets of ART were screened using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. Here, eight putative targets of ART were collected and identified with the Uniprot database, and 1419 IID-associated target proteins were filtered through the Drugbank, Genecards, OMIM, and PHARMGKB Databases. The results of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways point out that ART may have immunoprotective effects by regulating cellular responses to stress, hypoxia, inflammation, and vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus through the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway. The findings of molecular docking indicated that ART contains one active ingredient and three cross-targets, which showed a kind combination with hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1-a), transcription factor p65 (RELA), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), respectively. Furthermore, an ART feeding model was established to assess the ART's immunoprotect effect on the intestine of H.otakii in vivo. The D48 group showed smaller intestinal structural changes after being challenged by Edwardsiella tarda. The supplementation of ART to the diet improved total superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) in intestine of H. otakii. The expression of transcription factor p65, HIF1-a, VEGF-A, cyclin D1, matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was decreased after dietary ART in the intestinal of H. otakii. Discussion: The present results demonstrated that dietary ART improved antioxidants and immunity, optimized the intestinal structure, and increased resistance to E. tarda through the SOD2/nuclear-factor-kappa-B (NFkB)/HIF1-a/VEGF-A pathway in the intestinal tract of H.otakii. This study integrated pharmacological analysis and experimental validation and revealed the mechanism of ART on IID, which provides insight into the improvement of IID in H. otakii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prognostic and health management (PHM) methods focus on improving the performance and reliability of systems with a high degree of complexity and criticality. These systems include engines, turbines, and robotic systems. PHM methods involve managing technical processes, such as condition monitoring, fault diagnosis, health prognosis, and maintenance decision-making. Various software and applications deal with the processes mentioned above independently. We can also observe different development levels, making connecting all of the machine's technical processes in one health management system with the best possible output a challenging task. This study's objective was to outline the scope of PHM methods in real-time conditions and propose new directions to develop a decision support tool for marine diesel engines. In this paper, we illustrate PHM processes and the state of the art in the marine industry for each technical process. Then, we review PHM methods and limitations for marine diesel engines. Finally, we analyze future research opportunities for the marine industry and their role in developing systems' performance and reliability. The main added value of the research is that a research gap was found in this research field, which is that new advanced PHM methods have to be implemented for marine diesel engines. Our suggestions to improve marine diesel engines' operation and maintenance include implementing advanced PHM methods and utilizing predictive analytics and machine learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine macroalgae are emerging as sustainable and healthy food, and a source of lipids with nutritional and bioactive properties. Nonetheless, the lipidome of macroalgae is little explored compared to other photosynthetic organisms. Most of the literature is devoted to the analysis of fatty acid (FA) from macroalgae, because of they are a source of long‐chain omega‐3 and omega‐6 polyunsaturated FA, which can be used as an alternative to fish oil. However, FA occurs mostly esterified in other lipids, such as polar lipids, that still overlooked. The data published on the study of polar lipids (phospholipids, glycolipids, betaine lipids) pinpoint their remarkable characteristics and bioactive properties which mainly remain unexplored. The lipidome of macroalgae seems to be species‐specific, while some lipid classes appear to be characteristic of phyla. Lipidome plasticity of macroalgae is verified to change under abiotic and biotic factors which may modulate the functionality and add‐value of the biomass. This biochemical plasticity represents an advantage to obtain ingredients for target applications and niche of markets. This review provides an overview on macroalgae lipidome characterization, addressing analysis workflow based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and discussing the bioactive properties and biotechnological applications of macroalga lipids. Practical Applications: The current state of the art on marine macroalgae lipidomics is reviewed, including the lipid characterization using modern liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, the distribution of polar lipids by macroalgae species and phylum, their bioactive properties, and potential biotechnological applications. In a time of increasing awareness of sustainably produced marine resources, the lipids from macroalgae are still underexplored. This review provides information for smart valorization of macroalgae as source of add‐value lipids contributing to the development of blue bioeconomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use complex network theory to better represent and understand the ecosystem connectivity in a shelf-sea environment. The baseline data used for the analysis are obtained from a state-of-the art coupled marine physics-biogeochemistry model simulating the North-West European Shelf (NWES). The complex network built on model outputs is used to identify the functional types of variables behind the biogeochemistry dynamics, suggesting how to simplify our understanding of the complex web of interactions within the shelf-sea ecosystem. We demonstrate that complex networks can be also used to understand spatial ecosystem connectivity, both identifying the (geographically varying) connectivity lengthscales and the clusters of spatial locations that are connected. These clusters indicate geographic regions where there is a substantial flow of information between the degrees of freedom within the ecosystem, while information exchange across the boundaries of these regions is limited. The results of this study help to understand how natural, or antrophogenic, perturbations propagate through the shelf-sea ecosystem, and can be used in multiple future applications such as stochastic noise modelling, data assimilation, or machine learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book review discusses "Art and the Sea," edited by Emma Roberts, which explores the intersection of art and maritime history. The book features a collection of case studies that examine various aspects of maritime art, including stained-glass windows, interior decoration of ocean liners, and museum collections. The chapters cover a range of topics, including state propaganda, imperial expansion, and the labor involved in laying submarine cables. While the book offers interesting insights into maritime history, it lacks a detailed analysis of the featured artworks and designs. Additionally, the review highlights the missed opportunity to address the impact of empire and colonialism in the discussion of maritime history. Overall, the book would be of interest to maritime historians, but it could benefit from clearer structuring and framing of the central arguments. [Extracted from the article]

Sustainability is a universal goal that requires balancing social, economic and environmental dimensions, and that applies to both terrestrial and marine environments. Several authors argue that arts are valuable tools to frame and engage with current environmental issues related to sustainability, including pollution, climate change and biodiversity loss. Accordingly, our research question is: What is the role of art in the sustainability of coasts and seas? We searched our research question on the two most important scientific databases of articles (Scopus and Web of Science) and retrieved 1,352 articles. We narrowed the articles to 79 studies that actually address our question through screening. The dataset describes a variety of artworks from the four art categories (literary, media, performing and visual) around the world, although the more frequent countries are the US, theUKand Australia. Wefound that visual arts are more common (~40%), and engagement is a highlighted pursued impact (~40%) by these artistic practices. Other authors also intend to promote marine conservation and restoration, management, education and activism. Only 19 articles of the dataset measured the impact of artistic activities on their audience. This subset shows evidence of art contributions to sustainability mainly through raising awareness, learning, and promoting engagement and enjoyment of project participants. Through this work, we set the current state of knowledge on this emerging topic, and argue that further research and new strategies of impact measurement are needed to thoroughly understand the effect of art on coastal/marine sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many global literatures of art appreciation, but only few of them focus on maritime art appreciation. Filling the vacancy requires study of how the community or public values maritime art works in the context of coastal community's literacy. This paper aims to show appreciation of Indonesian maritime art works. It presents the results of maritime art appreciation through Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The participants consisted of academician, governmental official, artist, creator, community, kiyai, and student. The maritime art works which are appreciated were "Segara Garam' and "Tasbih Pesisir". They are considered as natural and virtual art works. Respondents' insight, knowledge, and experience showed varied perceptions. Participants with maritime culture background were quite expressive in expressing the importance of local wisdom values of the coastal community. Meanwhile the respondents without maritime culture background paid more attention on artistic and aesthetic aspects, instead of on meaning. Sociocultural difference influenced how they appreciated and produced the knowledge of maritime culture. Respondents' cognition and affective abilities show varied interpretation, perception, and meaning of art values. Their experience of appreciation showed the importance of perception of maritime art in actualizing local genius. The appreciation of maritime art was performed to improve people's awareness of strengthening maritime culture literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Observing the evolution of military actions in the Ukraine conflict, one feels the need to capitalise on the lessons identified as a result of the innovative ways of applying the principles of military art, in the conditions of real war. Thus, within this approach, I set out to identify how the evolution of the conflict in Ukraine influenced military art in general. In essence, this approach is a corollary of the results obtained as a personal contribution to the development of knowledge in the field of military sciences. Analysing the existing situation, following evaluations of the potential national response capabilities in the event of an armed conflict in the vicinity of the Black Sea, I identified didactic ways to update the doctrinal contents. The didactic approach was based on the handiest research validation tool, the war game, by testing some tactical scenarios, experienced in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. From a didactic point of view, the result was useful for updating the analytical programs in the master's degree programs, however, the benefit from this research comes from the action-structural field, regarding the ways of responding in the maritime environment with existing capabilities or identifying the capability requirements, emphasising the importance of military services and branches cooperation during the joint coastal defence operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Takeda carefully unpacks this vast Enlightenment literature on the political convulsions that shook Persia. Takeda's work clearly demonstrates the importance of the tumultuous political events in Persia during the eighteenth-century as models for French-empire building. Takeda unearths a truly global Enlightenment era in which Frenchmen watched events in Persia and responded, revealing the commercial and intellectual intertwining of Asian and European Empires. [Extracted from the article]

This study provides a comprehensive review of the current state of the art in marine technology as it pertains to the 3D documentation of underwater archaeological and historical sites. A thorough literature analysis of recent research is presented, with a special emphasis on vision-based approaches for 3D reconstruction and mapping. First, the paper lists different robotic platforms, various underwater imaging systems and possible combinations among them, through their use in marine archaeological research. In addition to robotic vision systems configurations, a thorough survey on computer vision solutions on image processing, online and offline reconstructions, for both simulation environments and real-world UCH scenarios, is given. The final part of the paper reviews strategies for data acquisition optimization through path planning approaches and highlights how working on synthetic data and simulation environments can enhance the quality of real-world operations. Finally, weaknesses, open issues, and future directions of research in marine robotic vision systems within the documentation of UCH are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine Natural Products (MNPs) isolated from samples collected in Colombia have been an object of study since the early 1980's; however, this information is neither integrated nor compiled. This systematic review describes the articles published in scientific journals up to December 2019. 173 papers met the inclusion criteria of focusing on MNPs obtained from specimens collected from Colombian seas; all original papers written in English, Portuguese or Spanish. The selected papers were mostly authored by researchers from Colombian groups, with low interaction amongst themselves. 99.4% of the papers studied samples collected from the Caribbean Sea; 183 species were studied, mainly sponges and octocorals. In this study, 1,690 compounds (238 new ones) were reviewed, mainly diterpenes and sterol derivatives. Of the selected papers, 76.8% measured various biological activities, including antibiotic (34%) and anticancer (30%). These papers were published in 51 journals (74.6% were international). In conclusion, scientific work on natural marine products of Colombian origin has incremented over time. The most relevant opportunities to address and fill existing gaps comprise: exploring Pacific Ocean organisms and several of the misrepresented taxa; promoting strong interactions amongst the MNPs research groups, and accordingly with other areas of knowledge; and having the productive sector participate in MNPs research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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