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Simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation the best way to restore normoglycemia and renal function in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and terminal chronic kidney disease. Pregnant patients after simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation are a high-risk group for adverse events/loss of both fetal and grafts. These risks are significantly reduced with pregnancy planning, regular monitoring of the woman and fetus with timely correction of immunosuppressive therapy, maintenance of target blood pressure and glycemia, selection of optimal timing and method of delivery. The presented clinical case demonstrates the need for an comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to the management of pregnancy and delivery with minimization of potential risks for mother and child.

The question of effective ways to treat obesity in people of different ages inevitably affects nutritional principles. Currently, intermittent fasting is of particular interest. There are several variants of intermittent fasting, the common feature of which is periodic temporary breaks in food intake. This review assessed the results of studies on the effectiveness of such a restrictive diet in patients with various pathologies.

Mihaela Anghele,1 Virginia Marina,2 Aurelian-Dumitrache Anghele,3 Cosmina-Alina Moscu,3 Liliana Dragomir1 1Clinical-Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dun&abreve;rea de Jos” University, Galati, Romania; 2Medical Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dun&abreve;rea de Jos” University, Galati, Romania; 3Doctoral School, Dun&abreve;rea de Jos” University, Galati, RomaniaCorrespondence: Virginia Marina, Email virginia.marina@ugal.roIntroduction: Polytrauma remains a major global health challenge, with rapid intervention being critical for survival, especially during the “Golden Hour”. This study examines the impact of Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) on procedural care during the transfer of polytraumatized patients to urban hospitals in Romania.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the County Emergency Hospital “St. Ap. Andrei” in Galați, covering January 2020 to October 2021. The study analyzed data from 89 patients transported by the Romania’s Mobile Emergency Service for Resuscitation and Extrication (SMURD) Galați air unit. Key parameters included demographics, injury mechanism, vital statistics, and prehospital interventions. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, with significance set at p < 0.05.Results: Out of 89 patients (mean age 21.6 years, 80.3% male), trauma causes were primarily traffic accidents (34.8%) and falls (33.7%). A Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ≤ 8 was noted in 28.1% of cases, with head trauma observed in 51.6% of patients. HEMS interventions frequently involved oxygen therapy (89.5%) and patient stabilization maneuvers, leading to a mortality rate of 6.7%. Notably, helicopter transport enabled efficient transfer and improved survival outcomes in this cohort.Discussion: HEMS demonstrated benefits in reducing intervention times and enhancing prehospital care quality for polytrauma patients, especially in hard-to-reach areas. The study aligns with global data on HEMS’s role in trauma systems, underlining the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration and rapid transport.Conclusion: HEMS plays a crucial role in improving survival rates for severely injured patients through timely interventions and specialized care. Further research comparing HEMS and ground services could refine trauma management protocols in similar settings.Keywords: severely injured, air rescue crew, polytrauma management, multidisciplinary approach, patient transport

The paper examines originality and dynamics of the butterfly image in Portuguese poetic texts of the 16th-19th centuries. This issue has not been considered before that determines the relevance and novelty of our article. The poems of L.V. de Camões, M.M. du Bocage, J. Dinis, J. de Deus are used as material. The work focuses on the problem of continuity, development and expansion of the traditional symbolism of a recurrent image steadily reproduced in world literature and metaphorically used to depict the inner personal world. Results of the study indicate that the image of butterfly in Portuguese poetry has significant specificity. The semantics of love in its most diverse manifestations comes to the fore. The traditional symbolism of “butterfly as a woman” is replaced by a stable associative parallel “butterfly as he, flower or flame as she”. The association with feelings and soul experiencing renewal (Dinish) is also relevant. The author’s parallel “zealous service and duty fulfillment” (Camões) is less conventional, but original. Thus, in Portuguese poetry, the literary semantics of the butterfly image is diverse. It is characterized by both continuity and creative increments of meaning.

Looking at contemporary Indonesian literature through the lenses of the novel A Night of 1,000 Traitors by Intan Paramaditha (2023), one can explore the further development of so-called late postmodernism. The novel demonstrates a comeback of forms, techniques, and aspirations inherent in realism, modernism, and postmodernism at the same time. According to the metamodern theory, meta- means the simultaneous presence of these elements in contemporary art. The novel is a post-deconstruction, redeconstruction of the national culture, and rehabilitation of metanarratives (mythology and traditional Islam Nusantara). Postmodern autobiography, or autofiction, focuses on women’s destinies and relationships of the characters with patriarchy, colonialism, and Islam. The novel’s structure is logical and overcomes postmodern rhizome, and the images and symbols have clear referents. The novel continuously quotes the grand style of a European gothic novel but uses realistic narrative techniques that reveal hidden irony: reading of the novel oscillates between the poles of seriousness and non-seriousness, and the mystical plot calls into question the very realism of the novel, which makes it possible to determine the writing method as “postmodernist realism.”

The relevance of the topic is determined by the need for a more comprehensive analysis of the linguistic and creative activity of users in computer-mediated communication, achieved through language play. In informal computer-mediated communication, the phenomenon of language play, as a manifestation of linguistic creativity, serves as a means of self-presentation and entertainment, impacting all levels of the language system, primarily the orthographic and lexical level, as well as the level of word-formation. The aim of the study is thus to identify the most frequent patterns of language play in informal computer-mediated communication based on data collected from Russian-language Internet forums. Research material were texts of messages exchanged by users within the framework of informal, relaxed communication on Russian-language Internet forums, participants of which are residents of the Russian Federation, as well as post-Soviet countries and other countries around the world. Based on the material selected by means of a complete sampling from October 2022 to March 2024, the author’s card index was compiled, numbering 396 contexts in which various types of language games are presented. For the purposes of the study, methods of continuous sampling, direct observation of language use, contextual, semantic and stylistic analysis, analysis of word-formation processes as well as descriptive and analytical approach were applied. The novelty of the work is due to the specifics of the linguistic material and is associated with the analysis of specific ways of manifestation of linguistic creativity in Internet discourse. The theoretical framework of the present paper focuses on the studies of Russian and foreign scholars in the field of language play and linguistic creativity. It has been established that anonymity of communication on the forum promotes spontaneity and freedom of expression, and also creates favorable conditions for the linguistic and creative activities of communicants, realized through a language play, which is carried out using linguistic means of different levels. The analysis of the collected data made it possible to identify the most frequent language play techniques in informal computer-mediated communication on Russian-language Internet forums, such as the nonstandard use of graphic characters, the creation of nonce words and the various changes involving phraseological units, quotes and other fixed expressions. Prospects for the research are seen in further study of the linguistic and creative potential of computer-mediated communication using the material of the Russian language, as well as conducting comparative studies using primarily data from other Slavic languages.

The relevance of the study is explained by the need to consider the functioning of the mechanisms of discursive sensemaking and an impact on the recipients of information, taking into account the new linguosemiotic opportunities which modern political communication provides and which are manifested not only in the real life, but also in the virtual digital environment. The multimedia technologies are gaining an increasing role, allowing to encode discursive messages, using semiotically polycode format, combining the traditional verbal way of presenting information along with iconic, color, graphic, metatext and other formats. The aim of the study is to prove that semiotic parameters of visual metaphor as a polycode sign functioning in the discursive environment within the framework of the pragmatic situation “Elections”, determine its interpretative and semantic potential and interacting with other sign codes result in new meanings and interpretations. The materials for the study of visual metaphors are the official logos used during the 2024 election campaign in Mexico. The research methodology, which allows for a systematic study of visual metaphors semiotics, is based on the interdisciplinary and polyparadigmatic model of discourse studies and implies an integral approach that combines the general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison and analogy with the method of sociolinguistic interpretation, semantic, interpretive, linguocognitive and discourse analysis. It has been found out that the linguosemiotic paradigm of Mexican electoral discourse integrates verbal and non-verbal semiotic codes to express meanings, conceptualize and categorize reality. By using of various semiotic codes, the metaphor-logo condenses the semantic content and, as a cognitive model based on analogy, acts as a means of sensemaking, modelling the perception of the world in the interests of the addresser. The use of polysemantic iconic signs-images, understandable to a wide audience of voters, translates connotative, ideological and social meanings. Thus, a visual metaphor as a way of logical comprehension and verbalization of reality functions as a significant component of the cognitive space within electoral discourse.

Background. The current publication presents the text of three previously unknown letters from L. S. Vygotsky to E.I. Heifetz, which were written by him in 1918, 1920 and 1921. A psychological analysis of the letters was carried out in the context of the author’s life at the time of their writing. Objectives. The goal is to disclose previously unknown aspects regarding the personal and professional development of L.S. Vygotsky. Methods. Analysis of archival documents in comparison with biographical materials from the period of Vygotsky’s life under study. Results. The letters represent a unique source for understanding the experiences and moral and ethical views of the young Vygotsky: in them he provides reflections on his “Life’s Work”, the personal choices and social “sacrifices” required for its realisation and talks about the mystery of personal feelings. The analysis shows how these feelings and Vygotsky’s life views changed over time. Conclusions. The analysed letters, along with characteristics of relationships within the family and in the microsocial environment, reveal the uniqueness of Vygotsky’s self-perception and personal self-determination in his youth.

The article examines the issues of the non-equivalent vocabulary translation in the sphere of English political media discourse. Today, due to the processes of globalization and the expansion of the media space, the issues of translation of the non-equivalent language units in different spheres, including lexical units in the sphere of media discourse, become more and more relevant. Because of the rapid development of political relations between countries, new words appear in the media that may not have their exact equivalents in the target language, which becomes one of the most challenging tasks not only for the translator, but also for translation studies, lexicology, intercultural communication and other linguistic disciplines as a whole. The aim of this article is to consider the main problems and ways of translating the non-equivalent vocabulary of modern political topics, to analyze the linguistic and cultural characteristics of the translation of the non-equivalent vocabulary in the media discourse, and to draw conclusions about which translation techniques are the most common and adequate when translating the non-equivalent lexical units in the social and political texts of the media discourse. In order to achieve the aim in the article we have reviewed the existing classifications of the elements of the field of the non-equivalent vocabulary, provided the basic research terms, as well as analyzed the translation techniques, typical for the political texts of mass-media discourse. Having carried out a comprehensive analysis of the studied material, it is noted that if the lexical unit of a media discourse text belongs to the field of non-equivalent lexical units, the ways and the adequacy of its rendering is determined not only by lexical and grammatical transformations, but also by extralinguistic knowledge and the translator’s cultural grasp; the most difficult lexical elements for translation are political terms, jargon and emotive-evaluation vocabulary, the rendering of which is often determined by pragmatic aspect of the translation; the most common and adequate translation techniques were semantic development, compensation, descriptive translation, and contextual transposition.

Rare breast neoplasms are found by physicians in clinical practice. Phyllodes tumor of the breast accounting for 0.3–1% of all breast neoplasms is one of these neoplasms. Today, the phyllodes tumor etiology is unclear, the same as its pathogenesis. The paper reports an example of successful surgical treatment of malignant phyllodes tumor.

Amid staff shortages and rising labour costs, many Russian enterprises are looking for non-material methods to man age personnel. Organizational, labour and socio-psychological aspects of employee incentives are closely linked to the corporate demographic policy tools. The article aims to analyse the demand for flexible working arrangements for employees with family responsibilities, as well as to determine the opportunities for integrating flexible organizational and labour tools of corporate de mographic policy into the personnel management system. Flexibilization theory in the context of corporate demographic policy constitutes the methodological basis of the study. The standard methods of structured personal interviews, frequency analysis with equality of proportions hypothesis test using a chi-square statistic, and comparison of mean values based on the Kruskal Wallis test were applied. The empirical evidence includes collective agreements and local regulations of the largest employers in the Russian Federation, as well as results of a sociological survey conducted in June–September, 2023 (the analyzed sample cov ered 2,804 respondents). The study statistically proves that employees working flexible hours are more satisfied with their job and life compared to those with rigid schedules. It also shows that flexible working arrangements are in demand among employees with parental commitments. The paper presents a model and an algorithm for integrating flexible organizational and labour tools of corporate demographic policy into the personnel management system. We develop a list of HR metrics and identify potential positive implications of this integration through strengthening the HR brand, increasing employee loyalty and engagement, and reducing staff turnover.

The aim of the review is to describe existing laboratory methods for determining the sensitivity of bacteria to a combination of antibiotics and bacteriophages. However, more and more often there are scientific papers in which their combined action is described as synergism. The mechanisms of this phenomenon have not been fully studied, but it has been proven that not only virulent but also moderate phages can enter into synergy with antibiotics, allowing the minimum inhibitory concentration of the antibiotic to be reduced several times. Since synergy cannot yet be empirically predicted, microbiological laboratories use various in vitro methods, most of which are labor-intensive. The development of a new technique that can be introduced into the daily practice of microbiological laboratories is relevant.

Introduction. The bones of the human and animal have a unique ability to remodel. The ability to constantly renew bone tissue determines the healing of fractures and the adaptation of bones to mechanical loads. However, the process of bone self-healing is effective only for defects of non-critical size. In segmental and critical defects, endogenous stimulation of bone tissue regeneration is required. In this regard, there remains a need to design osteoplastic biomaterials with improved pro-regenerative action. Every year, new data appear that expand our understanding of the methods and mechanisms for stimulating bone tissue restoration using artificial osteoplastic materials. Aim. Characteristics of modern methods of constructing biomimetic materials from organic and mineral components of bone matrix. Materials and methods. The literature review was conducted using the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. Query dates — may–july 2024, query depth — 1965–2024. Main content of the review. Effective use of bone polymers for the creation of biomimetic osteoplastic materials is possible only with an understanding of the principles of molecular-cellular interaction of biopolymers with bone cells and tissues. By now, it has been established that the ability of collagen to influence the functional activity of cells involved in the reparative regeneration of bone tissue is due to the presence of special patterns in its structure - binding sites with cellular receptors, which are formed by a specific sequence of amino acids in the collagen polypeptide chain. In the case of inorganic bone material, the functionally significant elements are the chemical composition and crystal structure of calcium phosphate salts. A current trend in the design of osteoplastic materials is to impart biomimetic properties to them. At the molecular level, this approach is implemented using as intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar mineralization of collagen fibrils. At the tissue and organ level, biomimicry is achieved through the use of three-dimensional bioprinting technologies. Conclusion. Thus, thanks to advances in biology, physics, chemistry and engineering sciences, it was possible to develop new technologies for designing osteoplastic materials that imitate the structure and function of native bone tissue. The use of biomaterials created using biomimetics principles increases the efficiency of bone tissue damage restoration.

Purpose: to determine the main directions of the automated control system modernization for the water intake workload distribution in the village of Pavlovka, Orenburg region. Materials and methods. An engineering and technical solution to the problem of increasing the efficiency of the technical water intake system based on the optimization of the control system of the 2nd lift pumps was obtained: float level sensors in water storages are replaced by ultrasonic ones and frequency converters are installed on all 2nd lift pumps, the pressure sensor is transferred from the pipeline to the water column of the water tower, feedback is provided by the industrial logic controller PR100 OVEN. Results. An engineering and mathematical model of the workload distribution system through the water level control system in water intake storages was built in the form of a generalized transfer function of the system, it was verified in the SimInTech dynamic modeling environment, and the estimates of the qualitative indicators of the automated control system before and after modernization were obtained. Conclusions. The main calculations were performed using the author's software for assessing the quality indicators of linear dynamic systems and showed an improvement in response time due to a decrease in the control time from 15 to 6 s, an increase in the degree of stability from 0.2 to 0.5, and an increase in the system reliability by 10.3 %. All these changes do not affect the stability of the control system, but increase the efficiency and functionality of the technical water intake system. The performance of the 2nd lift pumping station is considered as an indicator of the modernization effectiveness. The calculations carried out using the author's software for assessing the economic efficiency of the technical system modernization show an increase in the expected productivity by 88 %. The expected payback period for the modernization will be 19 months.

This paper is dedicated to the issues of human activity on sanitary ‘frontier’ from antiquity to present. The structure of the article is determined by the initially put forward hypothesis about the unconditional relationship between the stages of civilizational development and technical level of sewers of ‘frontier’ states: centers of science, technology, and culture. We used systemic approach: development of sewerage systems was analyzed chronologically; the importance of environmental engineering “city-river” systems were noted; and the stages of formation of sewers in the largest centers at industrial era, as well as the need for their modernization in connection with deterioration of environmental situation and corresponding demand of society were considered separately. Although contemporary sewer systems are one of the most amazing inventions of mankind, the contradictions inherent to these systems have not yet been resolved on a global scale. The authors conclude that many of the problems that faced the largest cities in developed countries in the past are now facing the capitals and agglomerations of developing countries. Echoes of the medieval unsanitary conditions can be found everywhere in today’s settlements, and sewer systems of the world’s largest industrial centers often correspond to Victorian London in the level of development and perfection. There is an increasing need for a fundamentally new approach to organizing engineering systems while maintaining and, in some cases, increasing the level of hygiene and sanitation. Digital technologies will become increasingly important. The paper is intended for the readers interested in development of certain areas of management, – in this case it is the sphere of sewerage, – and their impact on the human habitat.

University graduates need flexible and critical thinking to be successful on the job market. New teaching methods develop universal competencies and soft skills that university students are obliged to obtain. The study focuses on the nature of critical thinking as a pedagogical term. The authors evaluated the teaching methods used in the course of Foreign Language to develop critical thinking in students of non-linguistic majors. The review of foreign and domestic publications combined with empirical studies yielded the following list of indicators of critical thinking skills acquired while learning a foreign language. The students a) are independent in judgment and assessment; b) are able to expresses their point of view based on their own experience or verified data; c) are objective to alternative points of view; d) apply new information to their actual environment in order to facilitate problem solving. These indicators were used to evaluate students’ critical comprehension of information received and processed. The assessment involved essays, a written survey, and interviews. The students appreciated the effectiveness of essay writing, abstracting, and text analysis. They recognized the importance of critical thinking because it provides an objective, open-minded, and independent perception, which makes it possible to apply new information to professional tasks. The course of Foreign Language for Non-Linguistic Students demonstrated an excellent potential for such pedagogical tasks as developing universal competences.

Abstract Tongue cancer at a young age demonstrates an increase in incidence, aggressiveness, and poor response to therapy. Classic etiological factors for head and neck tumors such as tobacco, alcohol, and human papillomavirus are not related to early-onset tongue cancer. Mechanisms of development and progression of this cancer remain unclear. In this study, we performed spatial whole-transcriptome profiling of tongue cancer in young adults compared with older patients. Nine patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (T2-3N0-1M0) were included and divided into two groups: younger (n = 5) and older than 45 years (n = 4). Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and fresh frozen (FF) samples of tumor tissue from 4 young and 5 older patients, respectively, were used for spatial transcriptomic profiling using the 10 × Genomics Visium. The findings were validated using SeekGene single cell full-length RNA sequencing (1 young vs 1 older patient) and TCGA data (15 young vs 70 older patients). As a result, we performed the first successful integration of spatial transcriptomics data from FF and FFPE samples and revealed distinctive features of tongue cancer in young adults. Oxidative stress, vascular mimicry, and MAPK and JAK-STAT pathways were enriched in early-onset tongue cancer. Tumor microenvironment demonstrated increased gene signatures corresponding to myeloid-derived suppressor cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and plasma cells. The invasive front was accompanied by vascular mimicry with arrangement of tumor-associated macrophages and aggregations of plasma cells and lymphocytes organized into tertiary lymphoid structures. Taken together, these results indicate that early-onset tongue cancer has distinct transcriptomic features and molecular mechanisms compared to older patients.

Background: Breakthrough neurotechnologies have allowed for new understanding of some brain disorders; however, identification and differential diagnosis of intracranial stenotic and occlusive lesions remains challenging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) is a tool that could be used for the quantitative assessment of endothelial permeability and microvascular volume in atherosclerotic plaques (AP). Aim: To assess quantitative parameters of vascular wall abnormalities in AP area and in obviously unchanged wall of intracranial arteries with MRI DCE and high spatial resolution Т1-weighed images before and after contrast injection, with calculation of the wall enhancement index (WEI) by mathematical modelling. Methods: This was a pilot cross-sectional uncontrolled study with consecutive recruitment of 29 patients with atherosclerotic abnormalities of brachiocephalic arteries, including intracranial. The patients’ median age was 66 [57; 72] years; they were mostly men (75.9%, n = 22). For the assessment of any brain abnormalities, MRI (magnetic induction 3 Tesla, Magnetom Prisma, Siemens) was performed in patients with standard sequence (Т2, T2-FLAIR), as well as MRI DCE for the assessment of intracranial arteries, before and after intravenous contrast injection, with high spatial resolution T1-weighed imaging and suppression of the signal from bloodstream and fat, with the calculation of WEI. Results: There were significant differences in WEI in AP and in unchanged wall (0.962 [0.686; 1.387] vs. 0.111 [0.014; 0.206], p 0.001). No significant differences were found between WEI values in internal carotid arteries APs (0.722 [0.573; 1.580]), middle cerebral arteries (0.921 [0.725; 1.183]), and basilar artery (1.343 [1.002; 1.419]) (p = 0.381). We also found significant difference (p = 0.034) in the extravascular extracellular fraction volumes ve (Tofts) in AP located in the basilar artery (0.171 [0.146; 0.325]), internal carotid arteries (0.579 [0.358; 1.000]), and middle cerebral arteries (0.134 [0.101; 0.269]). Conclusion: This is the first description of quantitative parameters characterizing vascular wall abnormalities in intracranial atherosclerosis. Despite its obviously intact state, vascular walls outside the intracranial AP was shown to be abnormal as well.

Induced tissue damage in target organs (kidneys, heart, eyes, liver, skin, nervous system) significantly contributes to the morbidity and mortality of patients from diabetes mellitus (DM). In recent decades, the question has been actively discussed: should the lungs be regarded as a target organ for diabetes? The c collected data demonstrate histological and functional lung disorders in DM patients. This suggests that the lungs are a target organ for diabetes. It is known that sirtuins regulate a number of physiological processes and affect obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 DM, heart disease and aging. In this review, we have tried to summarize the knowledge about the contribution of sirtuins to cellular regulation and the formation of pulmonary disease in patients with type 2 DM.

The article presents a clinical case of the senesto-hypochondriacal form of schizophrenia, the implementation of violations of bodily perception within which for a long time was limited to the orofacial space against the background of orthodontic pathology. Prosopalgia is a transnosological syndrome characteristic of a heterogeneous group of disorders, the differential diagnosis of which, due to the peculiarities of the innervation of the facial area, can be difficult and requires special attention for the timely determination of their nosological affiliation and the initiation of adequate therapy. Interest in the clinical case is due to longlasting senestoalgic syndrome, similar in clinical picture to established pathology of the temporomandibular joint, which complicated the timely assessment of the patient’s condition and led to exacerbation of the mental disorder in the absence of psychopharmacological therapy. The article provides an analysis of the place of mental pathology in the formation and development of orofacial pain, both of a somatogenic nature and in the context of somatopsychic disorders, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive assessment of both the dental and mental status of such patients in order to formulate optimal approaches to treatment.

Background. In conditions of a large information flow and accessibility of information, problems often arise related to the ability to process it, analyze it, and optimally memorize it. One of these tools is mind maps, which in this study were considered as didactic means of structuring, ordering, visualization, systematization, and establishing relationships. Purpose: to identify the conditions for developing students’ ability to use mind maps in teaching activities. Materials and methods. The study is of a theoretical and empirical nature. The identified conditions were introduced into the student learning process during experimental work. As part of the ability to use mind maps in teaching activities: knowledge of theoretical material on mind maps, requirements for them, capabilities and limitations; the ability to draw up mind maps, including using digital resources; include mind maps in work with schoolchildren. The study used a complex of theoretical and empirical methods. To check the reliability of the results obtained, the Wilcoxon T-test was used. Results. The conditions for developing students' ability to use mind maps in teaching activities are identified: embedding mind maps as a meaningful line into disciplines and practices; inclusion in the educational process of working with ready-made maps, checking their correctness, addition and/or adjustment, development, use of maps in the design and research work of the teacher and student; inclusion of tasks for working with mind maps in the program of teaching practice, with their subsequent defense. With the help of experimental work, the effectiveness of the identified conditions for developing students’ ability to use mind maps in teaching activities has been proven.

Preschool children conceived through In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) tend to demonstrate particular behavioral, social, and emotional patterns that correlate with their physical development. The authors used a number of techniques to assess the behavior and social and emotional development of five-year-old IVF children. Such questionnaires as Your Child’s Behavior and Child’s Relationship with Friends and Family cast light on the behavioral, social, and emotional status. To define the physical development, the authors used such questionnaires as Child Feeding Issues, Three-Month History of Infectious Diseases, History of Injuries and Accidents, and Chronic Disease History. The sample consisted of 81 IVF children and 153 naturally-conceived children (aged 5); it included subgroups of children with perinatal developmental risks. Most parents of the IVF children reported neither behavioral nor social issues. However, the IVF children demonstrated more severe emotional issues. The IVF children with perinatal developmental risks had more pronounced emotional and anxiety issues, which was not typical of naturally-conceived children with perinatal risks. Both groups included children with difficulties in social and emotional development. The study revealed four significant factors that defined the difficulties of the socio-emotional development in the IVF children: behavioral disorders, aggression, social issues, and emotional issues. The significant correlations of behavioral, social, and emotional development in the IVF group indicated some specificity against the control. The correlating indicators of mental and physical development proved that physical development might affect behavioral, social, and emotional development in IVF children.

The article presents the results of investigation of various modifications based on nonconforming zeolite raw materials rocks of the Holinsky depozit with a low klinoptilolite content (50-55%), which substantiates the feasibility of their involvement in the production of sorbents effective for wastewater treatment from oil products and heavy metal ions. Various methods of modifying zeolites have been studied: with high-silicon compounds (hexamethyldisilazalone and tetraethoxysilane), as well as with a sulfur polymer based on by-products of the production of epichlorohydrin. The investigation of microstructures of obtained samples was carried out using scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM), X-ray phase analysis (XPA) using powder X-ray diffractometry. The fixation of modifiers on the zeolite surface has been proven by IR spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The sorption of heavy metal ions such as nickel and zinc on modified zeolites has been proven by IR, EDS, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). To prove the sorption of oil products, IR methods were used, as well as differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry. Сlass of hazard (IV) for spent sorbents was established by biotesting using Daphnia magna Straus and Chlorella vulgaris Beijer .

Abstract It is important to consider the full spectrum of complex interactions between mineral elements and biologically active substances to evaluate the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in animals, in addition to the classical physiological approach. This study aimed to assess changes in mineral element levels in wild and exotic animals in relation to their cardiovascular diseases. A total of 171 animals, including 128 healthy and 43 sick animals from three Russian zoos, were sampled and analyzed. For the first time, species from the canine (nine) and feline (seven) families from Moscow, Ivanovo, and Yaroslavl zoos in the Central Federal District of Russia were selected. A total of 108 samples from canines and 63 samples from feline animals were collected. Mineral element measurements were conducted on 1026 samples via a "Kvant-2A" atomic absorption spectrometer from Russia. Correlation and regression analyses were performed. CVDs were found in 10.1% of the studied animals, with a high percentage of heart muscle pathologies noted (25.8% of all CVDs). Iron (Fe) accumulated in canine and feline fur at approximately 208 and 203 mg/kg, with variations of 72.8% and 80.9%, respectively. A significant decrease in Fe and an increase in cadmium (Cd) during CVD were observed (correlations r = 0.25 and r = 0.16, respectively). The dysregulation of Fe homeostasis, increased absorption, and accumulation of Fe in the reticuloendothelial system are discussed. Finally, the mineral elements absorbed by canine and feline fur can be ranked in descending order: Fe > Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd > As.

Introduction. Dysfunction of the glymphatic system glymphatic system of the brain is considered a pathogenetic factor in some age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Parkinson's disease (PD), and normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). The innovative method for calculating DTI-ALPS (Diffusion Tensor Image Analysis ALong the Perivascular Space) allows non-invasive assessment of the glymphatic system status using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of the study is to compare DTI-ALPS in patients with AD, DLB, PD, and NPH and to evaluate its potential use as a biomarker of the glymphatic system status in these diseases. Materials and methods. The study included 116 subjects: 32 patients with AD, 15 patients with DLB, 31 patients with PD, 11 patients with NPH, and 27 healthy volunteers. Cognitive testing was performed for patients in the main groups using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score. All subjects underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the brain. DTI-ALPS was then calculated. Results. DTI-ALPS index significantly differed across groups (p 0.001). Patients with AD, DLB, and NPH had a significantly lower DTI-ALPS index on both sides compared to the PD group and healthy volunteers (p 0.01). Analysis of the entire sample showed a direct correlation between MoCA score and DTI-ALPS index (p 0.05). Conclusion. This is the first comparison of DTI-ALPS across such a broad range of age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases. Since our DTI-ALPS results were comparable to previously reported data, we believe that this parameter can be used as an indirect marker of the glymphatic system status.

N.I. Vorobyev headed the TASSR Central Museum during the formation period of the new museum practices, when the right decisions came with experience and the main task was to develop a new structure of the institution. As the museum director, the young scholar dealt with a large number of administrative issues and difficulties, from budget and personnel shortage to elimination of external threats caused by the low level of security of museum collections. The acute shortage of funds was reflected in everything: the museum could not occupy all the areas allocated by the state, there were no more than three people in the staff of departments, the tasks of purchasing exhibits and planned acquisitions were barely fulfilled. However, at the same time, as part of preparation for exhibitions, ethnographic expeditions to many cantons of the republic were organised under the leadership of N. Vorobyev. During the expeditions, significant materials that document the culture and traditions of the peoples of the region, household items and crafts were collected, as well as a large number of photographs were taken. As a result of this work, the museum was able to adequately represent the Tatar Republic at large-scale All-Union exhibitions in Moscow in 1923 and 1927 and at the international exhibition in Paris in 1925. The public warmly welcomed the Tatrepublic sections at the exhibitions; upon the exhibitions closure, the objects replenished the museum funds. In conditions of limited funding, lack of space capacity and limited number of staff, under Vorobyev’s leadership, the museum laid down the functioning principles, which would serve as the basis of its work in the following decades. Combining museum work with his academic career, Nikolay Vorobyev left the museum during the period when full supervision of the state was being established over the institution. He left not just a museum, but also an academic institution where research work was constantly carried out.

The article is devoted to the consideration of gender stereotypes objectification in the Russian language of various chronological periods, which occurs within the categories of social exclusion and social inclusion and is exemplified by the concepts “man” and “woman”. The study was carried out based on lexicographic sources. The corresponding lexemes: man, woman and the units that identify the attribute of the designated concept: male, female are considered as key representatives of these concepts. Regarding the period of the 11th – 17th centuries, the lexemes husband, wife are also considered. As a result of a definitional analysis of key lexemes denoting these concepts, changes within the “man – woman” opposition are identified, namely its specification and addition of new features. It has been established that in the period of the 11th – 14th centuries, the concept “woman” used to reveal the ambivalence within the framework of reflecting gender stereotyping. Up to the 19th century, this concept objectified the category of social exclusion, while in illustrating contexts a shift in the axiological parameter was revealed: from negative characteristics to the positive ones. The concept “man” consistently demonstrates the representation of positive characteristics and objectifies the category of social inclusion. It has been determined that in the materials of dictionaries of the modern Russian language, the most significant markers of the “man – woman” opposition are not social differences, but the natural ones. The conclusion is made about the peculiarities of gender stereotyping processes in the semantics of the lexemes man and woman, which can be socially- and nature-oriented.

The study is devoted to the effectiveness of business communication, provided by a number of intralinguistic and extralinguistic factors. The adaptation process is considered as the creation of a primary document, or a subtype within one type, taking into account the conditions of business communication, and primarily the characteristics of the addressees: their social and legal status; heterogeneity (scope, mass character) or belonging to a certain social group; absence or presence of shared competences; the nature of the information contained in the document and the way it is expressed. The adaptation process is shown to affect the document form, the compositional, substantive and speech organization of its text. Based on the material of two subtypes of the instruction, viewed as an organizational and legal document, which regulates various business processes, the parameters of the document that explicate its adaptation to the characteristics of the addressee are identified and described: the form as a specific implementation of the general document model; the compositional and meaningful structure of the text; speech organization, in particular the use of terminology, modality and speech tonality as a way of formatting the contents. The results obtained complement the available information about the documentary text as an object of linguistics, about the types of adapted texts, and their communicative capabilities.

In today's world, where technology is constantly changing, content marketing is becoming the most important for sales of software, hardware and other technological solutions. It is the content strategy, the creation of valuable content for the client, that becomes an important component for business promotion. In this regard, it is necessary to use tools for content promotion and establishing constant and interactive communication with the target audience in all areas of business. Thanks to high-quality content and a competent content strategy, companies form their own image of the organization. Relevance. The research topic is quite relevant today, since content marketing is an essential part of promoting an IT company's product. Purpose: to consider in detail how content marketing helps to increase the popularity and sales of IT companies, as well as to give detailed practical recommendations on creating an effective content strategy for companies working in the IT field. Methodology: the article used empirical research methods. Results. The best marketing tools for successful business promotion in the Internet space have been selected. Scope of the results: these recommendations can be used in the marketing activities of various organizations, for more successful business management activities.

The article considers and substantiates a set of measures to ensure economic security in modern, sanctioned economic conditions, which can include: the results of the impact of a package of sanctions from unfriendly foreign states in the period from 2022-2024 with a forecast until 2026. The necessity of ensuring economic security in the prevailing conditions is proved. The authors, based on the analysis of economic processes, substantiate the need to ensure economic security as a tool to counteract the impact of sanctions, and propose directions for finding reserves in conditions of severe economic sanctions. Objective. Development of recommendations on measures to ensure national economic security, taking into account its current level and the state of the external environment. Method and methodology of the work. To achieve the goal set in the article, the authors used methods of comparative, logical and statistical analysis. The analysis of the main economic indicators was applied, the dynamics of economic development indicators was compared. Results. The directions of ensuring economic security have been developed, including: 1. maximum localization of production of critical products; 2. support for manufacturers providing parallel imports of industrial and technical products to Russia; 3. the level of investment support. 4. using the development of the military-industrial complex as a driver of growth in the future (taking into account its comprehensive modernization); 5. supporting the country's financial system using stabilization tools and sound economic policy. Practical implications. The results obtained can be used as a basis for ensuring economic security, taking into account modern conditions formed under the influence of sanctions.

In recent decades, the attention of the medical community has increasingly focused on the problems associated with ovarian tumors, especially on the differentiation/difference between borderline tumors and ovarian cancer. These two conditions not only have different outcomes in terms of prognosis, but also require different approaches to diagnosis and treatment, which makes them the subject of careful study and analysis. This review examines the key aspects related to borderline ovarian tumors, their classification, clinical picture and management tactics, taking into account domestic and international recommendations.

This paper is devoted to the comprehensive study of the problem of responsible knowledge management and the development of information systems in the conditions of the digital economy from the position of the ESG system. It points to the relevance of the problem of knowledge management in the conditions of modern challenges, characterises processes connected with knowledge management from the position of sustainable development, and points to the potential of information systems and digital technologies from the position of the perspective of intellectual potential development. The methodological framework of the research is comprised of general economic and special research methods. They are founded on the interconnected categories of responsible knowledge management, social responsibility, sustainable development, etc. To justify the offered hypothesis, the methods of correlation & regression analysis and empirical methods of analysis, synthesis, generalisation, and observation were used. The main value of this paper lies in the scientific substantiation of the fact of ambiguity in the assessment of the influence of the processes of sustainable and intellectual development on the economic state of Russia. According to this, the irrationality of financing scientific and innovative developments was established, and the expedience of stimulating the further implementation of information systems and technologies of knowledge management into the practice of companies’ activities was determined.

This paper elaborates on the theoretical and practical features of the sustainable management of knowledge and information systems, which function in the conditions of the green digital economy. The paper considers the conceptual apparatus and its specifics, characterises the definitions of sustainable development, the digital economy, and green transformation, and analyses the role of digital technologies in the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, including tackling climate change, preservation of the natural environment, etc. Special attention is paid to implementing environmental aspects and digital technologies in business processes and knowledge management systems. The methodological framework of this research is based on the complex approach, which combines theoretical concepts of sustainable development and practical aspects of digital technology application to raise the effectiveness of knowledge management. The paper uses the methods of comparative analysis, analysis, synthesis, empirical overview of literature, observation, and generalisation. The key provisions of the paper include the study of the practical aspects of sustainable knowledge management in the conditions of the green digital economy, which is realised through analysis of different forms of information systems of knowledge management and the determination of their functions and role in ensuring the environmental sustainability of companies. Special attention is paid to practical examples of implementing systems that fully develop the potential of digital technologies from the position of the transformation of business processes according to the principles of sustainable development.

Background. Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The widespread use of disinfectants and antiseptics has caused the emergence of K. pneumoniae with reduced sensitivity to them, which, in combination with MDR, can pose a significant epidemiological threat. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of efflux pump and transporter genes associated with biocide resistance and their association with antibiotic resistance among K. pneumoniae isolated in a cardiac surgical hospital. Materials and methods. K. pneumoniae isolates (n = 50) from the patients and medical equipment were tested by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of genes of 4 types of efflux pumps (qacEΔ1, qacE, oqxA, oqxB, acrA) and 2 transporters involved in the outflow of cations (cepA) and zinc ions (zitB). Spearman's rank correlation test was used to assess the strength of the association between the efflux pumps, beta-lactamase genes and mobile genetic elements. Results. The occurrence of K. pneumoniae containing qacEΔ1, qacE, oqxA, oqxB, acrA, cepA and zitB was high: 54, 62, 100, 84, 100, 72 и 96% respectively. K. pneumoniae with a combination of all the studied pumps was most often detected (32%), and these isolates were MDR in 100% of cases. The qacE, qacEΔ1 genes were closely associated with resistance to cephalosporins, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, carbapenemase genes, and integrons. The results of the study showed that the genes of various efflux pumps associated with biocide resistance and their combinations were widely represented among the clinical isolates of MDR K. pneumoniae. Conclusion. The high prevalence of efflux pump genes associated with resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds, chlorhexidine and zinc salts and their significant association with antibiotic resistance in nosocomial K. pneumoniae underlines the importance of further studying the mechanisms of cross-resistance to biocides to improve methods of combating MDR nosocomial pathogens.

Abstract Background In Russia, the following two questionnaires are mainly used to study the burnout syndrome: Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Boyko’s Burnout Inventory (BBI). Despite the fact that the questionnaires are based on different theoretical models and composition of the scales, they evaluate essentially the same construct. A few published sources provide data on correlations between the results of measuring burnout using these methods. However, the presence of a correlation does not imply the comparability of the methods. The goal of our study was to compare the results of MBI and BBI as well as to develop a methodology for reciprocal recalculation of their burnout estimates. Methods MBI and BBI scales were employed to diagnose the burnout syndrome. Our study included 117 men aged 41–44 years. The total scores obtained by the two methods, as well as the subscale scores, were compared using the correlation analysis, the cross-comparative analysis, and the Bland–Altman plot method, while the associations between the results were estimated with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results The total scores (integral indicators based on summing the scores of all subscales and taking into account differences in the weights of scale scores) demonstrated a high similarity in measuring the severity of the burnout. All three dimensions of burnout sensu MBI correlated with the total BBI score. Conclusion The comparison (MBI vs. BBI) demonstrated the consistency of the results, which implied the possibility of comparing data yielded by the studies based on the two questionnaires (MBI and BBI).

BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging is more often used to confirm the presence of pectus excavatum and assess compression changes in the heart at this level. AIM: To evaluate pectus excavatum preoperatively according to magnetic resonance imaging findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective evaluation of chest magnetic resonance imaging data of 38 patients (male, n=30; female, n=8) was performed. The average age was 19.9 years (±9 years).Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed on a 1.5-T General Electric Optima MR450w GEM scanner with 2D-FIESTA-C pulse sequences, as well as functional assessment of the left and right ventricles. Parameters for surgical treatment of pectus excavatum were as follows: the Haller index, correction index, and sternum rotation angle. Statistical analysis of the relationship between the Haller index, correction index, and sternum rotation angle and ejection fraction of the right ventricle was conducted. A p-value 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Moderate and severe pectus excavatum were found in 92% of the cases. No significant Pearson correlation was obtained between the Haller index and right ventricular ejection fraction (inspiratory and expiratory ejection fraction, p=0.777 and 0.798, respectively). The mean right ventricular ejection fraction was 46%. A correlation was noted between the Haller index and the correction index (p 0.05). The rotation angle of the sternum, which required modification of surgical intervention, was detected in 44.7% of patients. CONCLUSION: Magnetic resonance imaging is an informative diagnostic method for pectus excavatum pectus excavatum without radiation exposure and enables detailed preoperative assessment. A correlation was noted between the Haller index and the correction index (p 0.05). Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a decrease in the ejection fraction of the right ventricle.

BACKGROUND: Differential diagnosis of chronic disorders of consciousness remains one of the most difficult problems even for experienced clinicians. AIM: To evaluate the inter-expert consistency and capacity of the researcher-developed structural scale based on magnetic resonance imaging to differentiate chronic disorders of consciousness, named, DOC-MRIDS, on a larger sample of patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty patients with a clinically stable status diagnosed with consciousness disorders (vegetative state, n=32; minimally conscious state, n=28) were enrolled. The revised coma recovery scale (CRS-R) was included in the clinical assessment. All patients underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging with 3.0-T Siemens scanners including T2 and T1 sequences. Structural changes were assessed using the DOC-MRIDS scale and included the following features: diffuse cortical atrophy, ventricular enlargement, gyri dilatation, leukoaraiosis, brainstem and/or thalamic degeneration, corpus callosum degeneration, and focal corpus callosum lesions. A total score was calculated. Magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed by three neuroradiologists, and inter-observer agreement (Krippendorf’s alpha) was assessed. RESULTS: A high inter-examiner agreement of the DOC-MRIDS scale score was found, with α=0.806 (95% confidence interval 0.757–0.849). The vegetative state group had a higher DOC-MRIDS score than the minimally conscious state group (p 0.005). A negative correlation was obtained between CRS-R and DOC-MRIDS scale scores (ρ=–0.457, p 0.0001), individual clinical scale domains, and magnetic resonance imaging features. CONCLUSION: When assessing structural changes in patients with chronic consciousness disorders, the use of the DOC-MRIDS scale helps differentiate the type of such disorders with sufficient specificity, sensitivity, and inter-rater agreement. This scale can be used in clinical practice as an additional differential diagnostic tool.

Aim. To evaluate the clinical and economic effectiveness of dapagliflozin in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) in the Russian Federation in various subgroups of standard therapy for CHF. Materials and methods. A clinical and economic analysis of the use of the drug dapagliflozin in addition to standard therapy was carried out in comparison with standard therapy in various subgroups of standard therapy for HFrEF using a modeling method. Cost calculations were carried out in a mathematical model adapted to the healthcare conditions of the Russian Federation by using Russian cost indicators and characteristics of the patient population. Results. The present study demonstrates that the addition of dapagliflozin is beneficial in terms of clinical and cost-effectiveness, regardless of the initial regimen (angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors [ARNI] or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors [ACEi]/angiotensin II receptor blockers [ARB]) of standard drug therapy for HFrEF and in all cases leads to an increase in life expectancy, a decrease in the number of hospitalizations and emergency visits due to CHF, as well as cardiovascular mortality. The obtained values of added value per additional year of life in all cases are significantly lower than the willingness-to-pay threshold, which indicates the clinical and economic effectiveness of the strategy of prescribing dapagliflozin as part of standard therapy for patients with HFrEF. In the case of adding dapagliflozin the values of the additional cost of an added year of life in the 3 considered standard therapy options (ARNI or ACEi/ARB, only ACEi/ARB and only ARNI) were 291,256, 279,571 and 338,374 rubles respectively. Thus, the scenario of using dapagliflozin with standard therapy, which included only ACEi/ARB, is characterized by the lowest additional cost and has the best clinical and economic characteristics. At the same time the scenario of use with standard therapy, which included only ARNI, is characterized by the highest value of the additional value of the added year of life.

The strategy for the development of the Arctic zone of Russia is primarily aimed at improving the quality of life of the Arctic population, health saving and reducing morbidity. The climatic and geographical conditions of the Arctic zone are extremely uncomfortable for living and cause the development of a number of diseases, as well as the polysyndrome of “northern stress”. Moreover, the Arctic population is affected by persistent organic pollutants that enter the body through a traditional diet and contribute to the development of oncological diseases by suppressing the functions of the immune system. Cytokines — proteins encoded by genes with a high degree of polymorphism, responsible for the nature of inflammatory processes, for the effectiveness of defense functions of the body in response to infections and the oncological process development — are one of the main mediators of the immune system. The distribution of polymorphisms in the cytokine genes produced by different types of cells of immune system (rs2069762 IL2, rs2243250 IL4, rs2069812 IL5, rs1800872 IL10, rs1800925 IL13, rs2275913 IL17A, rs7044343 IL33) in the populations of Nenets, Dolgan-Nganasans and Slavs was studied. Analysis of the results showed that the frequency of TG and GG genotypes rs2069762 IL2, CT genotype rs2243250 IL4, CT genotype rs2069812 IL5, TG genotype rs1800872 IL10, CC genotype rs1800925 IL13, GA genotype rs2275913 IL17A, CC rs7044343 IL33 genotype is significantly higher in Arctic populations compared to Slavs, and may be a potential genetic marker of disease development. The studied mutations are associated with the expression level of the corresponding cytokines and their production, which entails changes in the functioning of the cytokine network. It can be concluded that the indigenous inhabitants of the Russian Arctic have genetically determined rapid development of immune reactions, protection to the development of allergic diseases and resistance to the formation of malignant tumours in comparison with Slavs, i.e. the immigrant population.

The territory of the Southeastern Lake Onega region includes the Southern Lake Onega region, the basins of Lake Beloye and Lake Vozhe within the borders of the Vologda Oblast. Early Neolithic sites with combed ware in this area became known in the late 1980s – early 2000s. Ceramics with combed patterns are the most representative here. At sites, studied on a wide area, radiocarbon determinations were obtained for this group of ceramics, and the composition of the pottery paste was studied. The abundance of material obtained at these sites and its dating by natural science methods make it possible to clarify the chronological position of pottery assemblages of other sites, previously not distinguished from the general array of Neolithic ware and to fill archaeological gaps on the map of Early Neolithic antiquities with factual material. This article provides a review of the ceramic collections of sites with Early Neolithic combed pottery known today in this region.

The article discusses the results of a long-term bioindication study carried out in the period from 2017 to 2023 years to study the content of the amino acid proline in a biomass sample of background species of green spaces (introduced and native species), as the main biochemical marker of the state of the environment under conditions of a strong combination of stress factors. The bioindicators in the experiment were elements of green spaces in the administrative districts of the city of Bryansk: Sovetsky, Bezhitsky, Fokinsky, Volodarsky, as well as in the control - the village of Dobrun, Bryansk district: 14 species of angiosperms and gymnosperms were taken into account. The purpose of the work is to evaluate in the long term the change in the content of the amino acid proline as a biochemical marker of the state of the environment of a large city in the Non-Black Earth Region of the Russian Federation when diagnosing the biomass of background plants. The stability coefficient of dendroflora growing in 4 districts of Bryansk is presented, indicating the minimum and maximum values of amino acid cumulation by region and the air pollution index. The lowest value of the cumulation coefficient was calculated for the species: Pinus sylvestris L. (3,5-3,97), Picea abies L. (3,68-4,14), Picea pungens L. (3,77-4,28 ); highest value: Aesculus hippocastanum L. (6,17-6,59), Acer negundo L. (6,29-6,74), Syringa vulgaris L. (6,38-6,8). A series of sensitivity of woody plants to air pollution has been compiled according to the degree of reduction in proline content: Pinus sylvestris < Picea abies L. < Picea pungens L. < Thuja occidentalis L. < Quercus robur < Betula pendula < Salix triandra < Tilia cordata < Sorbus aucuparia < Robinia pseudoacacia < Acer platanoides < Acer negundo< Aesculus hippocastanum < Syringa vulgaris. It has been established that the concentration of proline is related by a regression relationship to the calculated air pollution index: with the growth of aerotechnogenic pollution, the content of the amino acid increases.

Abstract As major terrestrial carbon sinks, forests play an important role in mitigating climate change. The relationship between the seasonal uptake of carbon and its allocation to woody biomass remains poorly understood, leaving a significant gap in our capacity to predict carbon sequestration by forests. Here, we compare the intra-annual dynamics of carbon fluxes and wood formation across the Northern hemisphere, from carbon assimilation and the formation of non-structural carbon compounds to their incorporation in woody tissues. We show temporally coupled seasonal peaks of carbon assimilation (GPP) and wood cell differentiation, while the two processes are substantially decoupled during off-peak periods. Peaks of cambial activity occur substantially earlier compared to GPP, suggesting the buffer role of non-structural carbohydrates between the processes of carbon assimilation and allocation to wood. Our findings suggest that high-resolution seasonal data of ecosystem carbon fluxes, wood formation and the associated physiological processes may reduce uncertainties in carbon source-sink relationships at different spatial scales, from stand to ecosystem levels.

Laboratory experiments on the use of expanded vermiculite for seed germination of five vegetable plant species promising for cultivation in the Kola Subarctic (Beta vulgarisL.,Brassica oleraceaL.,Brassica oleraceaL. var.botrytisL.,Brassica rapaL. Chinese Cabbage Group,Lactuca sativaL.) were carried out. The research used two types of substrates from Kovdor vermiculite differing in firing conditions; agricultural soil was used as acontrol. Plant growth and development at the juvenile stage of ontogenesis differed significantly (p0.005) for three variants of the experiment. The best results were obtained in the variants with the use of vermiculite substrates, which promoted more intensive seed germination, growth of shoots and roots in seedlings of all five vegetable crops, compared to the control (soil). Significant differences in accumulation of green biomass by seedlings were observed only in the experiment with beetroot. In the other four species, the difference in seedling weight was insignificant. New type of thermovermiculite(TV2-H), obtained by firing in an innovative furnace of A.I. Nizhegorodovs design, had amore pronounced positive effect on seed germination, seedling growth and root length of the studied species of vegetable crops, compared with Vipon-2 thermovermiculite. TV2-H thermovermiculite can be recommended for the use in crop production for germination of vegetable seeds.

Neurologically isolated trochlear nerve (TN) injury is uncommon. We describe the case of acute vertical diplopia development in a 64-year-old man who considered himself healthy. The cause of diplopia was neuropathy of TN. The diagnostic search gave reason to assume that TN damage was associated with microangiopathy caused by arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia newly diagnosed in the patient. A diagnostic algorithm for acute vertical diplopia and the range of diseases for differentiation with isolated TN neuropathy are discussed, as well as the prognosis and patient’s management. The association of isolated TN neuropathy with migraine and the risk of ischemic stroke is considered.

The Dungey cycle is considered from the formation of a magnetic barrier and necessary for dayside reconnection conditions till the electric field generation around the Birkeland current loop and magnetic flux circulation balance. Data-based modeling of the magnetosheath magnetic field makes it possible to quantitatively assess the main factors that control formation and destruction of the magnetospheric magnetic barrier, such as the field line draping and the field intensity increase from the bow shock to the magnetopause, as well as their dependence on the orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). The Dungey cycle has been revised to take into account the essentially time-dependent effects of magnetic reconnection. It is shown by means of the Stokes’ theorem that a powerful electric field with an effective potential difference of several tens of kV is generated around the developing substorm current system. The emerging Birkeland current loop is an important particle acceleration element in the magnetosphere, contributing to the energization of ring current protons and electrons. The electric field that arises in the dipolarization zone magnifies the already existing ring current, and the closure of its amplified part through the ionosphere generates the Region 2 field-aligned currents. The motion of the expanding partial ring current around the magnetosphere, combined with the particle drift, transfers the magnetic flux from the night side of the magnetosphere to the dayside. At the dayside magnetopause, the reconnection is also responsible for the creation of the Birkeland loop, but now the electric field in the loop area decelerates the ring current particles, and regions of weakened ring current are formed. Closure of these weakened loop currents results in a transfer of the magnetic flux from the dayside to the night side, thus ensuring its overall balance and completing the Dungey cycle.

The study examines the necessity of a sustainable research network for transformative education, focusing on the Postcrossing phenomenon to analyze cross-cultural dynamics through authentic postcards. A mixed-methods approach was used, including a Postcrossing postcard-based questionnaire and personality assessment. The results highlight a significant relationship between personality types and intercultural interpretation skills, particularly among iNtuitive Thinking and iNtuitive Feeling types. This research demonstrates the potential of utilizing Postcrossing in translation studies and educational psychology to promote personality-based intercultural awareness.

Abstract In this paper, we propose a fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) multiplexing system based on the fluorogen-activating protein FAST. This genetically encoded fluorescent labeling platform employs FAST mutants that activate the same fluorogen but provide different fluorescence lifetimes for each specific protein-dye pair. All the proposed probes with varying lifetimes possess nearly identical and the smallest-in-class size, along with quite similar steady-state optical properties. In live mammalian cells, we target these chemogenetic tags to two intracellular structures simultaneously, where their fluorescence signals are clearly distinguished by FLIM. Due to the unique structure of certain fluorogens under study, their complexes with FAST mutants display a monophasic fluorescence decay, which may facilitate enhanced multiplexing efficiency by reducing signal cross-talks and providing optimal prerequisites for signal separation upon co-localized and/or spatially overlapped labeling.

Abstract Whether from environmental and occupational hazards or from topical pharmaceuticals, the human skin comes into contact with various chemicals every day. In vivo experiments not only require large investments of both time and money, but in vivo experiments can also be unethical due to the need to intentionally or incidentally expose humans or animals to toxic chemicals. Comparatively, in vitro experiments offer ethical and financial advantages when combined with the opportunity to selectively choose chemicals for experimentation. With in vivo experimentation being so infeasible, many scientists have chosen to make their in vitro data available publicly. Using these data, a detailed database containing 73 chemicals was created with a robust set of descriptors to be used in connection with mathematical modeling to predict diffusion, permeability, and partition coefficients. This resulting database is tailored to be easily used in various coding languages.

An assessment was made of the effectiveness of reclamation using sewage sludge for the accelerated formation of a stable erosion-proof vegetation cover on the unproductive anthropogenic soil of a sand quarry in the context of the Kola North. The experiment, launched in 2017, included three treatments: control – no treatment, experiment 1 – fragmentary (50 %) application of sewage sludge, experiment 2 – continuous application. In the sixth growing season, anthropogenic soil samples were examined, and measurements of CO2 emissions were carried out. It was shown that the application of sewage sludge had a positive effect on the physicochemical and agrochemical properties of the soils: in situ pH and density decreased, hygroscopicity increased, available phosphorus and potassium increased. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between CO2 emissions in the control and experimental treatments. The content of organic carbon in the control treatment was lower than in the experimental ones; under fragmentary application of sewage sludge, it was three times lower, and under continuous application, it was nine times lower. Significant (p < 0.05) differences in the content of carbon and nitrogen in cold and hot water extracts between control and treatment samples were found under continuous application of sewage sludge. At the same time, by calculating the C/N ratio, a very low level of nitrogen was found in the humus. The main factors behind the variability of the estimated parameters were identified – the treatment itself and the method of its application, the contribution of the treatment alone was 60 %, the contribution of the application method was 14 %. Taking into account the economic factors, fragmentary application of sewage sludge onto the anthropogenic sand quarry soil is recommended to support the establishment of a stable erosion-proof phytocenosis.

The article presents the analysis of the existing approach to wastewater sludge treatment and justifies the selection of the most promising management technology that allows maximum use of wastewater sludge resource po-tential. To obtain a useful product (biocompost) suitable for use as part of technogenic soil, experimental studies of aerobic stabilization of organic matter of dehydrated urban wastewater sludge with the addition of other waste by using passive composting technology were carried out. The technology is included in the list of best available technologies (BAT). The selection of the most optimal components for the mixture was based on the results of determining the C and N content, humidity and pH of the components used that ensured the composting of organic waste. The results of laboratory studies of the obtained biocompost according to the main agrochemical and sanitary-epidemiological indicators are presented. Testing was carried out according to the criterion of toxicity of the biocompost’s aqueous extract. The assessment of the technogenic soil was performed when using biocompost in its composition for compliance with existing hygienic requirements for soil quality in the Russian Federation. Based on the results of the vegetation experiment, optimal formulations of the technogenic soil were determined, i.e., the ratio of biocompost and sand, under which the most favorable conditions for plant growth are observed according to a combination of factors such as the number of germinated seeds, the maximum height of plants and the amount of biomass. The conducted research makes it possible to increase the proportion of recycled urban wastewater sludge in the future to obtain soils characterized by a high degree of nutrient availability for plants and potentially suitable for use in landscaping, the biological stage of reclamation of technogenically disturbed lands, as well as for growing herbaceous plants in open and protected soil.