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The study’s aim was to assess determine the physiological and biochemical status of lactating Nubian and Karachai goats depending on breed and lactation number, as well as to identify correlations between blood biochemical parameters and some antioxidant indicators. Our experiment was divided into two groups for this purpose: the first (comparative group) included Nubian goats (n= 22) and Karachai goats (n= 67), while the second (general group) included Nubian goats (n= 43) and Karachai goats (n= 93). In the comparative group, the levels of total protein, urea, alanine amino transferase (ALT), glucose, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were significantly higher in Karachai goats compared to Nubian goats. In the comparable group, lactation number had a significant effect on calcium and alkaline phosphatase but had no effect on other parameters. Correlations were moderately positive between TBARS level and albumin (0.34), cholesterol (0.34), alkaline phosphatase (0.39), phospholipids (0.43), and calcium (0.35) in Nubian goats. On the other hand, were found moderate negative correlations between ceruloplasmin level and albumin (-0.30), A/G (-0.37), magnesium (-0.35), and the total content of water-soluble antioxidants (TAWSA) (-0.40) in Nubian goats. In Karachai goats, there were moderate positive correlations between TBARS level and albumin (0.41), phospholipids (0.41). However, there was found a very strong negative correlation between ceruloplasmin level and TBARS/CP ratio (-0.67). Total protein, albumin, and ceruloplasmin levels in the general group increased as lactation number increased. Aspartate amino transferase (AST), TBRAS, and TBRAS/CP levels were decreased after the second lactation, and TAWSA decreased from I to IV lactation. Moderate positive correlations between TBARS and albumin (0.44), total protein (0.32), and magnesium (0.33). On the other hand, moderate negative correlations were established between ceruloplasmin level and total protein (-0.30), bilirubin (-0.43), triglycerides (-0.32), ALT (-0.30), TAWSA (-0.31).

The objective of this study was to investigate the response of Charolais and Ile-de-France meat sheep breeds to stimulate superovulation with various follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) preparations. A total of 14 adult ewes of meat sheep breeds were used in our study as donors, including Charolais breed (n = 8) and Ile-de-France breed (n = 6). Donors ewes were randomly divided into two groups in equal numbers (first group, n = 7; second group, n = 7), every group included Charolais breed (n = 4) and Ile-de-France breed (n = 3). Ewes in the first group were treated with Folltropin-V (total dose of 200 mg per ewe, seven injections), and ewes in the second group were treated with FSH-P (total of 280 IU per ewe, six injections). Thirty-seven ewes of Edilbay breed used as recipients were divided into two groups (first group, n = 20; second group, n = 17). Our results showed that the number of corpora lutea in donor groups treated with Folltropin-V was significantly higher than in donor groups treated with FSH-P (p .01). A greater number of embryos recovery and embryos suitable for transplantation were found in the first group compared with the second group of donors. After 30 days from transplantation, transabdominal ultrasonography showed that the presence of pregnancy in recipients groups was found in 16 recipient ewes (43.2%), in the first group of recipients were registered nine pregnant ewes of 20 recipient ewes (45.0%), and in the second group of recipients were registered seven pregnant ewes of 17 recipient ewes (41.2%). In conclusion, using Folltropin-V in Charolais and Ile-de-France meat sheep breeds is a more effective scheme for stimulating superovulation than using FSH-P.

The objective of this study was to identify the SNPs and candidate genes related to body weight and seven body conformation traits at the age of 8 months in the Russian aboriginal Karachai goats (n = 269) by conducting genome-wide association studies (GWAS), using genotypes generated by Goat SNP BeadChip (Illumina Inc., USA). We identified 241 SNPs, which were significantly associated with the studied traits, including 47 genome-wide SNPs (p < 10−5) and 194 suggestive SNPs (p < 10−4), distributed among all goat autosomes except for autosome 23. Fifty-six SNPs were common for two and more traits (1 SNP for six traits, 2 SNPs for five traits, 12 SNPs for four traits, 20 SNPs for three traits, and 21 SNPs for two traits), while 185 SNPs were associated with single traits. Structural annotation within a window of 0.4 Mb (±0.2 Mb from causal SNPs) revealed 238 candidate genes. The largest number of candidate genes was identified at Chr13 (33 candidate genes for the five traits). The genes identified in our study were previously reported to be associated with growth-related traits in different livestock species. The most significant genes for body weight were CRADD, HMGA2, MSRB3, MAX, HACL1 and RAB15, which regulate growth processes, body sizes, fat deposition, and average daily gains. Among them, the HMGA2 gene is a well-known candidate for prenatal and early postnatal development, and the MSRB3 gene is proposed as a candidate gene affecting the growth performance. APOB, PTPRK, BCAR1, AOAH and ASAH1 genes associated with withers height, rump height and body length, are involved in various metabolic processes, including fatty acid metabolism and lipopolysaccharide catabolism. In addition, WDR70, ZBTB24, ADIPOQ, and SORCS3 genes were linked to chest width. KCNG4 was associated with rump height, body length and chest perimeter. The identified candidate genes can be proposed as molecular markers for growth trait selection for genetic improvement in Karachai goats.

DNA analysis can have great practical application in the management and successful operation of the farm. The application of DNA technology is becoming a tremendous challenge for farm breeding of domestic animals. In recent years, traditional selection methods have been supplement by the results of molecular analysis of the genome. Determining the genetic distance of sheep and goat breeds had practical and multiple significance. Microsatellites are used widely in the selection, and genomic selection is becoming an increasing challenge for breeders. The development of SNP chips brings an immense advanced for rapid and comprehensive analysis of the genome, which is of great importance for the successful selection and Genomic selection in sheep concentrated on all aspects of genetic and production directions. However, it should be noted that genomic selections in sheep breeding, and especially in goat breeding, take place at a slower pace compared to cattle breeding.

The article presents the results of research on biogen diversity, structure and configurations of the association of polymorphism of the calpain and somatotropin genes with economically valuable and economically significant productive traits in the population of domestic Kazakh white-headed breed. The polymorphism of the CAPN1 and GH genes and the frequency of occurrence of selectively significant alleles of the studied livestock of different sex and age groups were revealed. The studied polymorphism made it possible to separate the animals according to the established genotypes and to study their intravital and post-slaughter productive characteristics. The live weight of young animals carrying the desired CAPN1CC and GHVV genotypes at 8 and 12 months of age was significantly higher compared to CAPN1CC and GHVV genotypes. The intensity of lipid metabolism, prevailed in carriers of CAPN1C and GHV markers, which allows us to conclude that animals carrying the desired alleles C and V in the homo- and heterozygous state somatically use the energy components of blood with greater intensity in the implementation of biosynthetic processes of metabolism in the body. The presence of CAPN1-C and GH-V alleles in the genotype was accompanied by a higher value of all post-slaughter indicators, as well as a higher content of fat and protein in meat, which determine its caloric content. According to histological studies, a larger number of muscle fibers of the longest back muscle, with a smaller diameter and a lower content of connective tissues, was significantly higher in bulls of the desired CAPN1CC and GHVV genotypes.

Some problems of modern analysis of the genome of domestic animals and the possibility of applying the results of the research in the selection have considered. Molecular genome analysis has progressed rapidly. Today, using modern DNA analysis, the domestic animals breeding value can be safely foreseen. Based on the scientist?s intuition of early-20th century, after half a century, genetic markers had discovered. Thus, the traditional selection method has integrated with molecular techniques of selection by applying marker-assisted selection (MAS). Microsatellites have attracted great attention from scientists because they are widespread in the genome and have a high level of polymorphism. Thousands of SNPs have discovered with their exact position in the genome. This very reliable method occurred for analyzing the genome which shows the change of only one nucleotide base into the DNA molecule. All modern achievements of molecular genetics have opened the way for practical application in the selection of all kinds of domestic animals. Today, a combination of molecular or genomic selection combined with a traditional is very reliable method for a faster, more accurate assessment of the breeding value of animals.

The purpose of the study is improving the wool productivity of sheep of Akzhaik meat-wool breed at the expense of different selections of parents. For research used two variants of selection of parental pairs: Akzhaik meat-wool sheep producing meat-tion type (weight not less than 110 kg, wool production in the original 9.5 kg, wool length of 15.0 cm, fineness of wool 50 quality) were paired with ewes class I and II at the age of 2.5 years is not a local type of herd age and sex depending on the class ewes were divided into two groups of 200 animals each. The same principle was formed the second option of selection of parental pairs. Only were used for mating with avamat-kami class I and II rams-manufacturers of custom herd (live weight 102 kg, wool production in the original 8.24 kg, wool length 15.5 cm, wool fineness 50 quality). The study of wool production and physico-technical properties of the wool yearling bright were carried out using established techniques in research laboratories of wool VNIIOK Stavropol. As a result of the conducted researches it is established that the increase in meat content of Akzhaik meat-wool sheep has no adverse effects on wool productivity bright. So the hair is bright at one year of age was typical for crossbreeding in fineness and the staple well-adjusted. Significant differences in physico-technical properties between the compared groups was not available and the wool meet the requirements of the textile industry for a homogenous semi-fine wool.

Summary Background: marker assisted selection methods of sheep require the identification of genes that positively and negatively affect meat quality. Genes with high expression levels could have the greatest impact on growth and structure of muscle fibers. Objective: this study evaluated the expression of genes in the loin muscle of Dzhalginsky Merino sheep. Methods: reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to investigate the expression of 48 genes in the loin muscle of Dzhalginsky Merino sheep bred in Russia. Results: genes GAPDH, PYGM, CAST, ATP5G1, CAPN3, SOD1, VEGFA, CALM2, YWHAZ, ASIP, MYOD1, CAPN1, GHR, OXTR, BEGAIN, SLC2A3, and SS18L2 showed the highest expression. The group of genes with a medium level of expression included ATOX1, BAMBI, TLR6, IGF2, FOS, FST, GGTA2P, C-MET, FGF5, ACVR2A, CAPN2, GH, DGAT1, and IGF1. Low levels of expression were identified for genes ABCG2, SPP2, PYGL, PPARG2, TGFB1, CXCR4, MSTN, CYP2J, LEPR, CDKN1A, IGFBP4, and SERT. Trace expression was detected in genes SST, TSHR, GDF9, FGF7 and BMP15. Significant correlation between expression level and live weight was observed for most of the investigated genes. Conclusion: our results demonstrate the feasibility of using these newly identified candidate genes as genetic markers in sheep. Keywords: growth traits, marker assisted selection (MAS), microarray analysis, transcription. Resumen Antecedentes: los metodos de seleccion asistida de ovejas a traves de marcadores requieren la identificacion de los genes que afectan positiva o negativamente la calidad de la carne. Los genes con niveles mas altos de expresion podrian tener mayor impacto en el crecimiento y estructura de las fibras musculares. Objetivo: evaluar la expresion de los genes en el musculo del lomo de carneros de la raza Dzhalginsky Merino. Metodos: se utilizo RT-PCR cuantitativa en tiempo real (RT-qPCR) para investigar la expresion de 48 genes en el musculo del lomo de ovejos raza Merino Dzhalginsky criados en Rusia. Resultados: los genes GAPDH, PYGM, CAST, ATP5G1, CAPN3, SOD1, VEGFa, CALM2, YWHAZ, ASIP, MYOD1, CAPN1, GHR, OXTR, BEGAIN, SLC2A3 y SS18L2 mostraron la mas alta expresion. El grupo de genes con un nivel medio de expresion incluyo ATOX1, BAMBI, TLR6, IGF2, FOS, FST, GGTA2P, C-MET, FGF5, ACVR2A, CAPN2, GH, DGAT1 y IGF1. Se identificaron bajos niveles de expresion en los genes ABCG2, SPP2, PYGL, PPARG2, TGFB1, CXCR4, NTCR, CYP2J, LEPR, CDKN1A, IGFBP4 y SERT. Expresion traza fue detectada en los genes SST, TSHR, GDF9, FGF7 y BMP15. Para la mayoria de los genes investigados hubo una correlacion significativa entre el nivel de expresion y el peso vivo de los carneros. Conclusion: los resultados demuestran la factibilidad del uso de estos genes candidatos identificados recientemente como marcadores geneticos en ovejas. Palabras clave: analisis de micromatrices, caracteristicas de crecimiento, seleccion asistida por marcadores (MAS), transcripcion. Resumo Antecedentes: metodos que utilizam marcadores de selecao assistida em ovelhas exigem a identificacao de novos genes que afetam a qualidade da carne. Genes com maiores niveis de expressao podem ter maior impacto sobre o crescimento e a estrutura das fibras musculares. Objetivo: avaliar a expressao de genes no musculo lombar de ovinos da raca Merino Dzhalginsky. Metodos: foi utilizada a reacao em cadeia da polimerase-transcriptase reversa e em tempo real (RT-qPCR) para investigar a expressao de 48 genes em musculo do lombo da raca de ovinos Merino Dzhalginsky, que foram criados na Russia. Resultados: os genes GAPDH, PYGM, CAST, ATP5G1, CAPN3, SOD1, VEGFA, CALM2, YWHAZ, ASIP, MYOD1, CAPN1, GHR, OXTR, BEGAIN, SLC2A3 e SS18L2 apresentaram a maior expressao. O grupo de genes com um nivel medio de expressao incluiram ATOX1, BAMBI, TLR6, IGF2, FOS, FST, GGTA2P, C-MET, FGF5, ACVR2A, CAPN2, GH, DGAT1 e IGF1. Foram identificados baixos niveis de expressao para os genes ABCG2, SPP2, PYGL, PPARG2, TGFB1, CXCR4, MSTN, CYP2J, LEPR, CDKN1A, IGFBP4 e SERT. Foi detectado rastreamento de expressao nos genes SST, TSHR, GDF9, FGF7 e BMP15. Para a maioria dos genes investigados, houve uma correlacao significativa entre o nivel de expressao e o peso vivo dos carneiros Dzhalginsky Merino. Conclusao: os resultados demonstram a viabilidade do uso desses genes candidatos recentemente identificados como marcadores geneticos no desenvolvimento de novas racas de ovinos. Palavras chave: caracteristicas de crescimento, microarray analise, selecao assistida por marcadores (MAS), transcricao.

To study the gene pool and the establishment of genealogical relationships between breeds of sheep of different directions productivity bred in Russia, were used two classes of genetic markers - blood and DNA microsatellites. The included sample sheep are fine-wool Merino breeds: Grozny (GR), Caucasian (CA), Manychskij merino (MM), the Soviet Merino (SM), Stavropol (ST) and coarse wool breeds: Edilbaevskaya (ED), Karakul (CR) and Romanov (RO). For the study of erythrocyte, were selected antigens (blood group) in 1159 samples from 11 breeding farms. For microsatellite DNA study - 598 from 10 breeding farms. Microsatellite analysis revealed that the most polymorphic were Stavropol breed sheep that have identified an average of 18.27 alleles per locus were relatively conservative Romanov breed sheep - 9.7 alleles per locus. The minimum genetic distances established between Grozny and Soviet Merino - 0.0569 (for microsatellites) and 0.0741 (blood groups - later in the same sequence). The rocks of the Stavropol - Grozny were 0.0861 and 0, 0810. Whereas Stavropol and Soviet Merino 0.0861 and 0.1094. Also relatively close between Grozny - Edilbaevskoy , Grozny - Karakul, Edilbaevskoy - Karakul: 0.1364 and 0.0851, respectively; 0.1620 and 0.1208; 0.1875 and 0.1192. The highest genetic distances were between Stavropol and Karakul - 0.2664 and 0.1804, as well as between the Romanov and all studied species - 0.2491 ... 0.3211 and 0.1734 ... 0.2235.