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3ième symposium FAST-zero' 2015 Future Active Safety Technology Towards zero traffic accidents, GOTHENBURG, SUISSE, 09-/09/2015 - 11/09/2015; Focus groups were conducted in both France and Sweden as part of the SAFEMOVE project. The aim of the study was to identify and asses difficulties experienced by older drivers (+70) due to age- related declines in sensory, physical and cognitive abilities and potential consequences in terms of both traffic safety and mobility. Furthermore, the aim was to identify Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS) liable to improve safe mobility for the target group and to compare the situation between France and Sweden. Three main topics investigated were trip planning and navigation task, speed control and regulation, and intersection crossing (more particularly when turning on the left). For each one, data collected focused on both older drivers' experienced difficulties and their interests or expectations towards driver support like ADAS. There was in general a positive attitude to driver support systems but participants were also concerned about costs. Furthermore, several differences between French and Swedish older drivers were found.

TRANSED 2015, 14th International Conference on Mobility and Transport for Elderly and Disabled Persons, LISBONNE, PORTUGAL, 28-/07/2015 - 31/07/2015; Although navigation without vision seems to strongly mobilize the attentional processes and the working memory, few studies seem to be conducted about the link between these processes and the mobility of people who are blind. The main aim of this PhD work is to consider the attentional and working memory capacities of people who are blind and investigate the attentional processes involved during the navigation activity. In the first part of this PhD work, blind participants (early and late) perform a set of cognitive tests specifically designed in auditory modality and their performance is compared with those of matched sighted people. The second experimental part aims to measure the attentional load induced by the walking activity of blind participants, by using a secondary task. In a laboratory setup, blind participants walk along a path with and without obstacles to avoid while they perform a secondary task. This experimentation provides a better understanding of the involvement of the attentional capacities in the compensation for the lack of vision during the walking activity. These two experimental parts lead to an understanding of the links between attentional capacities and efficient navigation in blind pedestrians.

Autonomy and individual mobility of elders become a societal issue for many countries. However, driving is a complex and demanding activity, liable to generate potential risk for elder drivers whose perceptive, cognitive or motor capabilities have diminished with aging. In order to both maintain older driver's mobility and road safety for all, driving assistances offers a potential solution, providing a support for this group of drivers. In order to develop such systems, it is needed to observe and to analyze actual driving behaviours of older drivers in ecological driving conditions (using an instrumented vehicle on open roads within the traffic). This in depth investigation aims at identifying specific difficulties encountered by elders while driving in order to ergonomically specify and then to design future Elderly-Adapted Driving Assistance Systems (E-ADAS) based on monitoring functions technology for context-adaptive assistance. This paper introduces the Human Centered Design approach we implemented in this research and presents a first set of preliminary results in terms of in depth analysis of older drivers' activity which constitutes the first step towards the future ergonomic design of E-ADAS.; L'autonomie et la mobilité individuelle des personnes âgées représentent un enjeu sociétal important pour de nombreux pays. Or conduire est une activité complexe qui peut représenter un risque potentiel pour les conducteurs âgés, dont les capacités perceptives, cognitives ou motrices ont décliné. Pour maintenir la mobilité des ainés tout en favorisant une sécurité routière pour tous, les systèmes d'assistance constituent une réponse potentielle au soutien de la conduite des conducteurs âgés. Pour concevoir de tels systèmes, il est nécessaire d'observer et d'analyser l'activité de conduite des âgés en situation naturelle (au volant d'un véhicule instrumenté évoluant dans la circulation, sur route ouverte). Cette investigation vise à identifier des difficultés rencontrées sur la route par ces conducteurs, afin de spécifier ergonomiquement puis de concevoir des systèmes d'assistance adaptés aux besoins réels de cette population, en s'appuyant notamment sur des fonctions de « monitorage » permettant d'apporter une aide adaptée au contexte de conduite. Cet article introduit cette méthode de « Conception Centrée sur l'Humain » mise en place dans le cadre de cette recherche, et illustre notre démarche (aux moyens d'exemples concrets) d'analyse fine de l'activité de conduite des conducteurs âgés, à des futures fins de conception ergonomique de systèmes d'aide à la conduite adaptés aux besoins spécifiques des séniors.

14th International Conference on Mobility and Transport for Elderly and Disabled Persons (TRANSED), LISBONNE, PORTUGAL, 28-/07/2015 - 31/07/2015; New types of assistive mobility devices (AMD) appeared these last years. They may be relatively different from the classical wheelchairs (geometry, mass distribution, manoeuvrability).Thus, it is not clear yet if the requirements on the public transport (PT) vehicles' design initially established for wheelchairs are still suited for these new devices, i.e. if AMD users could access the vehicle and travel without risks of degradations for the PT vehicle and without compromising their safety and the one of other users. To answer this question we proposed an analytical framework to analyse the potential risks of using PT vehicles with AMDs, including a simple model to predict potential tipping. We demonstrated this methodology for two types of PT vehicles (urban buses and tramway) and different AMD's. From this very first analysis it results that access to the designated wheelchair user area (constraints on the AMD manoeuvrability) and strategy to prevent tipping over of AMDs in the wheelchair user area should be carefully considered

TRANSED 2015, 14th International Conference on Mobility and Transport for Elderly and Disabled Persons, LISBONNE, PORTUGAL, 28-/07/2015 - 31/07/2015; The development of public transport increases the multimodal trip solutions, and the development of multimodal transport hubs. The main challenge for operators is to facilitate the shift between the different public transport modes, with the best coherence, readability and compatibility. Several studies have mainly focused on the presentation of information design facilitating the connections between transport modes, but few of these investigated multimodality for people with visual impairments. TIMoDeV project has two main objectives: 1/ to gather knowledge about the processes of multimodal transportation hub design and 2/ to study the behavior of people with visual impairments in ultimodality situations. The first step was done through interviews of multimodal transport hub designers. The second step focused on the behavior of people with visual impairments. Commented trips were made by 12 people with visual impairments (blind and partially sighted persons) in Lyon. The participants were filmed along a regular trip involving more than two transport modes and their verbalizations were recorded. These commented trips showed different strategies and behaviors related to the functional abilities of the participants and the environmental features. This data will be used to propose recommendations to the network designers in order to optimize the design of multimodal hubs for all travelers.

Conférence Handicap 2014 - Les technologies d'assistance : de la compréhension à l'autonomie, PARIS, FRANCE, 11-/06/2014 - 13/06/2014; L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer les capacités de mémoire de travail des personnes aveugles précoces. Des participants aveugles précoces et voyants ont réalisé une tâche de n-back auditive et un empan envers et endroit. Les résultats ont montré que les participants aveugles étaient plus rapides dans trois des quatre conditions du test de n-back, mais que leurs scores ne différaient pas significativement de celui des participants voyants. Alors que l'empan endroit des deux groupes était équivalent, les participants aveugles ont obtenu un empan envers significativement supérieur. Ces résultats suggèrent que les personnes aveugles précoces ont des capacités de mémoire de travail supérieures.

ICAP 2014, 28th International Congress of Applied Psychology, Paris, FRANCE, 08-/07/2014 - 13/07/2014; Executive function Parkinson disease - driving simulator

This report is the literature review on demographic changes and transport of Work Package 1 of the EU project CONSOL, “CONcerns and SOLutions – Road Safety in the Ageing Societies” (contract period: 2011-2013).The report is a state-of-the art report that combines current knowledge with new findings from relevant fields of basic research, focusing on the increasingly heterogeneous nature of the ageing population.All CONSOL partners contributed to the report by writing parts of the report (authors), participating in the literature research and/or commenting to earlier versions of this report.We would like to give special thanks to Heather Ward for constructive suggestions and inspiring comments to an earlier version of this report.

CONSOL - Concerns and solutions

In industrialized countries, the consideration of the ageing of the population is more and more imperative in the elaboration of the public policies. One of the sectors of the society which is strongly concerned by this phenomenon is the one of transport. Indeed, the preservation of a safe and long-lasting mobility is a key element to allow the seniors to preserve a significant social level of participation and so to avoid the dependence. This article proposes a brief overview of the knowledge on the characteristics of seniors on the demographic and functional plans, as well as on their travel patterns and the risks which they meet when they move.; Dans les pays industrialisés, la prise en compte du vieillissement de la population s’impose de plus en plus dans l’élaboration des politiques publiques. L’un des secteurs de la société qui est fortement concerné par ce phénomène est celui des transports. En effet, le maintien d’une mobilité sûre et durable est un élément clé pour permettre aux seniors de conserver un niveau de participation sociale significatif et ainsi éviter la dépendance. Cet article propose un bref état des lieux des connaissances sur les caractéristiques des seniors sur les plans démographique et fonctionnel, ainsi que sur leurs patterns de déplacements et les risques qu’ils rencontrent lorsqu’ils se déplacent.

International audience; The regular population's ageing, leaded to a decline in mortality and birthrate may affect the mobility of the whole population. Moreover, in France since few years there is a will to fully integrate persons with disabilities into society, in particular with the passing of the law of February 2005. This law reminds the need for accessibility to the whole chain of travel at all. In this context, the knowledge of people with reduced mobility seems nowadays essential. The objective of this research is to analyze the mobility of disabled people. This research is based on the French National Survey on Transport (FNTS) conducted in France in 2007-2008 by the Ministry of Transport and the National Institute of Statistics with the scientific support of INRETS. It is the data source providing the most transverse and consistent overview of mobility, whatever the modes and the transport situations of people living in France. This study should allow us to provide a detailed knowledge of the mobility of people involved.

This research project aims at highlighting the social, administrative and technical mechanisms which impact, in a positive or negative manner, on the accessibility transport policy of Lyon and Stuttgart. The level of accessibility of both transport networks is first presented. Each type of transport is set out. The studied measures deal with both people with reduced mobility and people with disabilities. The second section of this report is about the national accessibility policies. We want to scrutinize if policies of local government's Lyon and Stuttgart implement national policies or not. Policy objectives, recipients, instruments and policy monitoring receive particular attention. A close examination shows of Lyon and Stuttgart studies that transport accessibility policy is a public problem which is under pressure of various constraints and stakes. There no doubt that the structure of the Civil Society and the way how it expresses its claims play a decisive role in the local policy elaboration process. However, this local policy is also impacted by past technical and political choices. Moreover this research study discloses that the legitimacy of the legal instrument is strongly dependant on the technical credibility of its orders. The specialized transport service is another component of the local policy: its performance, its tariffs and its eligibility conditions are levers for transport authorities to orient the behaviour of people with disabilities. Lastly local accessibility policies are under the influence of various factors, cultural and others. A study of chosen technology for bus ramp and tactile walking surface proves this assertion., Ce projet de recherche a vocation de mettre en lumière les mécanismes sociaux, administratifs ou techniques qui influencent de manière positive ou négative la politique de mise en accessibilité des réseaux de transports collectifs de Lyon et de Stuttgart. Le niveau d'accessibilité de ces deux réseaux a d'abord été présenté selon les types de réseaux et les modes de transport. Les mesures étudiées concernent tant les personnes à mobilité réduite que celles plus spécifiques aux personnes handicapées. Le deuxième temps du rapport est consacré aux politiques nationales d'accessibilité : il s'agit de déterminer de quelle manière les politiques observées à Lyon et à Stuttgart correspondent à la mise en œuvre d'une politique plus nationale. Une attention plus particulière est portée sur les objectifs, le public-cible, les instruments privilégiés et le contrôle de cette politique publique. Un examen minutieux des cas lyonnais et stuttgartois montre que l'accessibilité au transport des personnes handicapées constitue un problème public soumis à des contraintes et des enjeux multiples. Il est ainsi indéniable que la structuration de la demande sociétale et ses modes d'expression jouent un rôle crucial dans l'élaboration de la politique locale. Mais celle-ci est également contingente aux choix techniques et politiques passés. L'analyse des réseaux lyonnais et stuttgartois révèle en outre que la légitimité de l'instrument juridique dépend fortement de la crédibilité technique de ses prescriptions. Le service de transport spécialisé est également une composante de la politique locale d'accessibilité : son niveau de service, sa tarification et les conditions d'éligibilité sont autant de leviers dans les mains de l'autorité organisatrice des transports pour orienter le comportement des personnes handicapées. Enfin les politiques locales d'accessibilité sont aussi influencées par divers facteurs, culturels et autres, comme cela a pu être constaté concernant le type de palette dans les bus et les bandes podotactiles.

Marin-Lamellet Claude. Réflexions sur l'interface conducteurs âgés/systèmes d'aide au guidage routier. In: Bulletin de psychologie, tome 48 n°418, 1994. Psychologie du travail – Ergonomie dans les transports. pp. 99-104.

CONSOL - Concerns and Solutions

The proportion of disabled persons decreases sharply over time in the educational system. This results in lower levels of qualification, which further impedes employment opportunities and reinforces their exclusion from the social sphere. Moreover, this situation is even more acute in the case of persons with cognitive impairments. The considerable evolution of online training, as reflected in the massive growth of MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses) platforms, could provide a real opportunity to address the training needs of disabled persons. Unfortunately, similarly to many digital devices, these systems suffer from a lack of accessibility. Starting from a state of the art on the accessibility of e-learning systems, we initiated a co-design process involving students with cognitive impairments (N = 6) and professionals in the field of cognitive disability and accessibility (N = 13). This work has led to the development of a framework for the design of accessible e-learning systems that arose from the various needs and recommendations that emerged during the process. It resulted in the development and implementation of a first prototype of an accessible MOOC player named Aïana. A field study, based on a MOOC broadcasted on the national FUN platform was conducted to evaluate Aïana's effectiveness in terms of learning performances, cognitive load, induced self-determination, usability and efficiency of person-system interactions among a fairly large sample of participants (N = 1087 of which 150 reported a disability). The results confirm the good usability of our player and its positive impact on the learning and self-determination of disabled persons, particularly those with cognitive disabilities, which supports the relevance of the design principles we have introduced.; La proportion de personnes handicapées décroit fortement tout au long du parcours scolaire. Cela a comme conséquence de plus faibles niveaux de qualification, ce qui amène un obstacle supplémentaire aux possibilités d'emploi et renforce leur exclusion de la sphère sociale. De plus, ce constat est aggravé lorsque la situation de handicap implique des troubles cognitifs. L’importante évolution des formations en ligne, comme en témoigne la croissance massive des plates-formes MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses) pourrait fournir une réelle opportunité afin de répondre aux besoins de formation des personnes handicapées. Malheureusement, comme pour de nombreux autres dispositifs numériques, ces systèmes souffrent d’un déficit d’accessibilité. Sur la base d’un état de l’art sur l’accessibilité des systèmes numériques d’éducation, nous avons mis en place un processus de co-conception auquel ont participé des étudiants ayant des déficiences cognitives (N = 6), ainsi que des professionnels du domaine du handicap cognitif et de l’accessibilité (N = 13). Celui-ci a permis le développement d’un cadre de travail pour la conception de systèmes d'apprentissage en ligne accessibles, découlant des différents besoins et recommandations qui ont émergé au cours de ce processus. Il a donné lieu au développement et à l’implémentation d’un premier prototype de lecteur de MOOC accessible nommé Aïana. Une expérimentation en environnement écologique autour d’un MOOC diffusé sur la plateforme nationale FUN a été réalisé afin d’évaluer l’efficacité d’Aïana en termes de performances d’apprentissage, de charge cognitive, d’auto-détermination induites, d’utilisabilité et d’efficience des interactions personne-système, et ce auprès d’un échantillon assez large de participants (N = 1087 dont 150 ont déclaré un handicap). Les résultats confirment la bonne utilisabilité de notre lecteur ainsi que son impact positif sur l'apprentissage et le soutien à d’autodétermination des personnes handicapées, notamment celles ayant des troubles cognitifs, renforçant ainsi la pertinence des principes de conception mis en œuvre.