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Aim/Purpose: This research is a comparative test between two Human Computer Interaction (HCI) design approaches - Apple versus one informed by child users. Background: There are studies concerning the creation of graphical interfaces for kids, however, they do not involve them in the design process. On the other hand, operating systems such as Apple or Android impose their graphic guidelines designed only for a general outlook. Methodology: The research has a scope of exploratory nature, with a mixed approach. For the measurement of usability, tests were developed to determine the degree of efficiency, effectiveness, and satisfaction generated in two versions of the same game. Children between six and eight years of age were targeted for this test. Contribution: This research compares two design guides to determine which one is better to develop games for children. Findings: This study concluded that the design guide elaborated by children allowed the building a more efficient, effective, and satisfactory game because the total usability percentage was 89.84%. This percentage was much higher than that obtained using the generic Apple guide, where the percentage of total usability obtained was 78.72%. Recommendations for Practitioners: Using design guides to develop games for children helps to increase the level of usability for them. Recommendation for Researchers: These design guides can be used for other devices that have different operating systems as guidelines to develop games for children. Impact on Society: The future generations of game developers that focus on games for children can take into account the following guidelines to create games that children will enjoy more. Future Research: Perform usability tests with users of different ages, for example children, adolescents, and adults. It is also suggested to take into account mobile devices with Android operating system.

Breast density is an important marker for increased breast cancer risk, but the ideal marker would be more specific. Breast compactness, which reflects the focal density of collagen fibers, parallels breast cancer occurrence being highest in the upper outer quadrants of the breast. In addition, it peaks during the same time frame as breast cancer in women. Improved biomarkers for breast cancer risk could pave the way for patient-specific preventive strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Homeothermic livestock such as laying hens have been widely developed and cultivated throughout Indonesia. This group of animals physiologically has a system that is able to maintain a normal body temperature range of 40-42°C. One of the strategies used to reduce the impact of heat stress is the provision of natural feed additives, namely probiotics containing a consortium of bacteria. An experiment was conducted on forty laying hens, which were kept in cages with heat stress. Probiotic feeding was done by dividing four groups of hens each. A probiotic level of 4% is the most effective level. This means that heat stress in laying hens can be overcome by giving probiotics. Probiotics have an important role in preventing changes in the osmotic pressure of body fluids, so that overall, they can overcome metabolic changes associated with heat stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the main causes that can contribute to the decrease of fish stocks with economic value in the Danube River, based on an analysis of both the recorded fishing catches and the quantities of fish retained following the control actions carried out by the authorities with the right of inspection and control with the aim of combating fish poaching, as well as the normative regulatory acts in the field of fishing. A broader perspective involves analysing the environmental factors and their role in the decline of economically valuable fish species in the Danube. From the analysed data, it was found that following the specific actions organized and carried out by the competent authorities, significant quantities of fish with economic value, originating from illegal fishing, were confiscated, thus resulting in the fact that both the regulations that sanction acts of poaching and the capacity of the responsible authorities are insufficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Certified traditional products are an essential part of every country's cultural and gastronomic heritage. The quality and authenticity of these products are ensured by the authentic ingredients and artisanal methods of preparation. Consumers' growing interest in healthy eating makes the certification of traditional products a necessity. In this study, we have carried out a comprehensive statistical analysis of the current number of food products certified under quality schemes such as PDO, PGI, TSG, and also labelled as 'Traditional Product' and 'Traditional Romanian Recipe', both in Romania and in the European Union (EU). We also looked in detail at the current number of dairy products certified according to these standards. The data were obtained from the EU's eAmbrosia electronic register and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development's CPAC electronic catalogue. The results provide a valuable and up-to-date perspective on certified and labelled food products, contributing to the development and promotion of the gastronomic heritage in Romania and the EU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigates the chemical composition of seeds from Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), Trigonella foenumgraecum (fenugreek), and Cuminum cyminum (cumin) to assess their suitability as food supplements for enhancing milk production in cows. The dry matter, ash content, total nitrogen, total carbon, protein and fiber levels were analyzed to provide comprehensive insights into the nutritional value of these seeds. The experiments in this study were all conducted in triplicate. Results were defined as mean values ± standard deviations. The results are part of a larger project and these findings are integral to the broader project, which aims to develop optimized dietary supplements for dairy cattle. Considering the essential role of nutrition in dairy cattle health and milk production, the identified nutritional components in these seeds hold promise for incorporating them into cattle diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hempseed has an excellent antioxidant content and is a rich source of essential amino acids and n-3 fatty acids. The objective of this paper consists on evaluating the hempseed Jubileu variety effects on performance, nitrogen (N) balance. The prediction of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions was done as well. For 3 weeks of trial, a total of 15 pigs (39 kg ± 0.32) were randomly allocated individually in digestibility cages. Following a 7-day adaption period, there were two balancing periods where urine and feces were quantitatively collected. Two types of diet were used: Control group received a classical diet and Experimental group which received the same diet, supplemented with 5% hempseed. The growth parameter and carcass quality were not significantly altered by hempseed addition; however, a slight increased of ADG and feed conversion was noticed. Due to the significantly decreased of N concentration in the urine, TNO value was lower as well (P<0.05). A decline of N digestibility was noticed for HS group diet (P<0.001). Average value of N2O estimated was lower in HS fed group (P = 0.03). In conclusion, hempseed is a proteo-oleaginous source, which can be added in pigs' diet with beneficial effect on performance, N metabolism indicators and N2O emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth rate and productive performance of animals depends on various factors among which the feeding system is one of the most important factors. The nutritional needs of animals on organic farms can be covered through three sources: grazing, food produced within the own holding and the purchase of additional feed. The purpose of the work is to follow the effect of sheep and goat feeding technologies through the installation according to the requirements of ecological agriculture of cultivated pastures, which can be used both for animal grazing and for obtaining fodder, either dry or fermented. A maximum production of fodder obtained in one's own holding must be one of the main objectives of the breeder, so the selected crops must be determined according to the real needs of the holding. To achieve these goals, farmers who practice organic farming rely on recognized agricultural practices, such as maintaining the welfare and health of the animal herd through free-range systems and modern knowledge, such as monitoring nutrient levels to track the optimal growth of animals at different stages of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research introduces an innovative platform designed to manage greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in mixed farms. Emphasizing the urgent need to address GHG emissions, particularly methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), the platform targets mixed farming systems where the interplay of livestock and crop production significantly contributes to environmental impacts. Our methodology is grounded in comprehensive data collection, encompassing soil data, energy consumption, and detailed livestock information. Utilizing the Agricultural Internet of Things (AIoT), it facilitates real-time data acquisition and analysis, providing insights into various farm activities' GHG emissions. This approach allows for precise monitoring and management of emissions from different sources, including enteric fermentation in livestock and fertilizer use in crop production. Results from the application show its effectiveness in offering a clear and interactive visualization of GHG emissions, aiding farmers in making informed decisions for sustainable farm management. The platform's user management system, coupled with advanced data processing and visualization capabilities, underscores its potential as a vital tool for sustainable farming. Conclusively, Solution4Farming represents a significant advancement in digital agriculture, combining IoT technology with sustainable practices. Though initially designed for Romanian cattle farming, Solution4Farming's anticipated expansion to various farming environments suggests a broader impact and relevance in sustainable agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of metals on the photosynthetic activities and epidermal polyphenol content of Prosopis glandulosa and Prosopis juliflora leaves was investigated by the tissue tolerance test. Foliar tissues of Prosopis glandulosa and Prosopis juliflora were incubated with Cd2+ (0.001 M) or Cu2+ (0.52 M) concentrations for 96 h. The results showed that significant reductions (p < 0.05) of photochemical efficiency in P. juliflora leaves were found after 96 h of exposure to 0.52 M Cu2+ compared with Cd-treatments and controls. In contrast, P. glandulosa leaves showed a progressive increase on photochemical efficiency at 72 h after Cu-treatment. The results also showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) of epidermal polyphenols in P. juliflora leaves after 24 h of exposure to 0.52 M Cu2+ compared with Cd-treatments and control leaves. On the other hand, the values of leaf epidermal polyphenols observed in P. glandulosa exposed to copper and cadmium did not show any difference with respect to control. These findings are very important and suggest that these compounds could be considered as a protection mechanism of P. glandulosa when is treated with these heavy metals. Finally, the results of bioaccumulation showed that the copper concentration in P. glandulosa was higher than the values detected in P. juliflora Nevertheless, the cadmium concentration in foliar tissues of P. juliflora was significantly higher than P. glandulosa after 96 h of exposure to Cu2+ or Cd2+. Therefore, future studies are necessary to elucidate the effects of heavy metals on the biosynthesis of flavonoids and participation of these compounds in the reduction of metal toxicity in Prosopis species.

Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) is an annual legume tolerant to drought. Guar meal (GM) is a protein- and carbohydrate-rich co-product generated after the mechanical separation of the endosperm from the germ and hull of guar seed. GM has received considerable interest in animal feed as an alternative to soybean meal (SM). In this study, we aimed to assess the nitrogen (N) balance indicators, performance, carcass traits, and main greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions resulting from enteric fermentation (E-CH4) and manure (M-CH4 and N2O). Two tests were performed: (i) a biological trial on 45 pigs (15 animals/group) and (ii) a digestibility test in metabolism cages (N = 15, 5 replicates/group). Three different diets were given to the pigs: one diet was based on 0% GM (SM diet); in the second, GM-50%, GM replaced 50% of the SM; and the third was GM-100%, in which GM fully replaced the SM. The GM and SM diets were analyzed for their proximate composition. A model based on prediction equations was used to estimate the GHGs. GM up to 10% in the diets of finishing pigs did not significantly impact growth performance or carcass traits, although a slight increase in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was observed. GM up to 10% improved N digestibility (p < 0.0001), net protein utilization (p < 0.0001), the biological value of protein, coefficients of metabolizability, and the coefficient of the total tract's apparent digestibility. Irrespective of its dietary proportion, GM decreased total nitrogen output (TNO, p = 0.11). A highly significant impact was noted for N2O and E-CH4 (for DM, p < 0.0001), as well as a significant impact for E-CH4, expressed as g CO2 Eq (p = 0.007), and g CO2 Eq. LU (livestock unit, p = 0.005), also reported as ADG (p = 0.024). Manure, M-CH4, was not significantly influenced. In conclusion, GM can replace up to 100% SM and is thus a valuable byproduct that does not alter animal performance and can positively impact N2O and E-CH4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]