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Diarrhea is globally reported to be a common and major disease in newborn calves. According to the World Health Organization, it can cause a massive economic loss in the cattle industry. Thirty preweaning calves were collected. Calveswere taken from four different places in Sulaimaniyah province (Kalar, Halbjai Shahid, Khurmal, and Sharazor) between September 2022 and March 2023. The animals were divided into 3 age groups: (5-30 days), (31-60 days), and (61-90 days). Rectal swabs were being collected directly from diarrheal calves into plastic specimens for PCR testing. A fragment of the SSU rRNA gene was amplified using the Taq DNA master mix (Addbio, Republic of Korea). Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on a partial fragment of the SSU rRNA gene. The results showed that the higher infection rate (25%) appeared in calves less than one month old, while the lower infection rate (10%) appeared in the two months old and (12%) in three months old calves. In addition, the two sequences (BA/1/2022 and BA/2/2022) were C. ryanae, while the other sequence (BA/3/2022) was identified as C. parvum. This study reported the occurrence of Cryptosporidium species for the first time in four different places in Sulaimaniyah province, northern Iraq, using molecular techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diarrhea is one of the common causes of death in calf; it has significant economic impacts in cattle industry. Calf diarrhea is most complicated and has many factors, for example, environmental, management and nutritional. Many viruses like rotavirus, bovine viral diarrhea and corona virus play a very important role in causing diarrhea. Sixty pre-weaning calves were sampled. Samples were taken from four different places at Sulaimaniyah province (Kalar, HalbjaiShahid, Khurmal, and Sharazor) between September 2022 and March 2023.The animals were divided into 3 age groups: first group was (4–30 days), second group was (31–60 days), and third group was (61–90 days). Samples were being collected directly from diarrheic calves by rectal swab for PCR testing. A fragment of the partial N gene was amplified using the Taq DNA master mix (Addbio, Republic of Korea). Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on a partial fragment of the partial N gene. The results showed that the prevalence of bovine coronavirus was (10%) 6 out of 60 collected samples; in addition, the highest prevalence was in group 1 (4-30) day of age, while the lowest prevalence rate was in group 3 (61-90) days of age. This study reported the occurrence of Coronavirus for the first time in four different places in Sulaimaniyah province, northern Iraq, using genetic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Fasciolosis represents a significant economic impact on livestock production in different countries. The gold standard method for diagnosing fasciolosis is currently a coprological examination, based on egg detection in stool. However, this approach is undoubtedly ineffective, especially during the acute phase of the disease. In order to detect all stages of infection, an alternative serological method is used to confirm the infected animals with fasciolosis. Thus, we aimed to identify the pre-patent and patent periods of equine fasciolosis using both copro-microscopical and the ELISA technique in different areas in Garmian region and Sulaimani provinces. Material and Methods: A coprological and the sensitive ELISA techniques were used to detect the presence of Fasciola hepatica in the infected horses through detection of the serum antibodies against secretary and the excretory antigens from F. hepatica. Results: The copro-prevalence and seroprevalence of equine fasciolosis were found to be 16% and 58%, respectively, in a total of 50 fecal and 50 blood samples from equine of various ages. Conclusion: It was concluded that a serological test had an accurate result for the detection of Fasciola infection in horses than the coprological methods; particularly in horses had advanced into the patent period of the infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the behaviour of Meriz goats using environmental enrichment technique. Sixteen goats aged two-four years, were divided into two equal groups, one group was placed in a stall without any enrichment (control), while the other group placed in another stall with enrichment. The enriched stall had six objects including canopy, grooming brush, suspended tire, trunk of tree, and plastic PET bottle suspended and freely move on the floor. The goats' behaviours were observed for eighty minutes in the morning and eighty minutes in the evening for fifteen consecutive days. Focal-animal sampling methods were used to record the behaviours, in which each animal was observed for ten-minutes period each day. Results revealed that the animals of enriched environment group displayed lower frequency of stereotypic and abnormal behaviour than control group. The mean frequencies of the groups were significantly different (P<0.001) for all recorded behaviours except for stall interaction which showed similar behaviours frequencies (P=0.56). The highest percentage of frequency interaction for grooming brush and suspended tire was detected (27%). It was also found that the frequency interaction between the goats and objects of the enriched environment increased daily and showed significant difference between 1st and 15th days (P<0.001). It was therefore concluded that animals on enriched environment express more behaviours, show greater preference for some objects, and spent more time on objects than non-enriched environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The request for more efficient and lower-cost therapeutic methods for wound healing remains a challenge for modern medicine. The goals of this investigation were to recognize and look at the impacts of Mastic Gum Resin, Lawsonia Inermis, and Quercus Brantii in wound healing by using histopathological study and blood parameters in BALB/c Mice. Mice were comprised into four groups: Control negative group (n=10), mice were not treated with plant suspension only applied with normal saline; Treatment group I, mice were applied by Mastic Gum Resin (MGR) (n=10), Treatment group II, mice were applied with the Quercus Brantii (n=10), and the last group, Treatment III which were applied with Lawsonia Inermis (LI) (n=10). One ml for each suspension of Mastic Gum Resin (MGR), Quercus Brantii (QB), and Lawsonia Inermis (LI) was applied to the wound directly without suturing for 4 days/week for about 3 weeks. Wound healing effects were evaluated by utilizing the hematological profile for each group with the histopathological study. The cutaneous wound in Mastic Gum Resin and Quercus Brantii treated groups were more effective in progressing wound healing than Lawsonia Inermis treated group regarding histological changes at day 8 and day 18, respectively and blood parameters at day 21. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)