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Recent societal upheavals including the death of George Floyd, the subsequent Black LivesMatter movement, and the ongoing coronavirus pandemic have placed race, racism andpower under the close scrutiny. As the country attempts to make sense of these matters, it must recognise and acknowledge two fundamental points. First, that institutional racism exists in this country and it exists across wider public establishments, including the organisations that make up our health and care system. Second, that the effects of racism are not confined to ethnic minority people and communities—racial equity matters because it benefits everyone. The February 2020 special edition of the British Medical Journal, on ‘ Racism in medicine’ , set out a robust argument for the establishment of an Observatory that brings together insight on ethnic health inequalities and turns that into actionable recommendations for healthcare change. NHS England and NHS Improvement fully supported and endorsed the set-up of the NHS Race and Health Observatory, and NHS Confederation were selected as the host organisation. The evidence base on which the Observatory is established is clear to see: ethnic differences are evident in relation to service provision, access, experience and outcomes in areas from neonatal health to end-of-life care, and in critical points in between those two milestones. And yes, these disparities are set against higher prevalence of health conditions, including (but not …

Enseigner dans une classe multiniveau est une veritable aventure, parfois choisie, plus souvent subie. Pourtant, les avantages ne manquent pas : ne pas quitter son ecole rurale, garder ses eleves un an de plus ou enseigner autrement. Un enseignant qui debute dans ces classes est souvent a la recherche d'un point de repere, de conseils pratiques et d’une aide methodologique, pour avancer en confiance. Les questions sont nombreuses : Comment vais-je pouvoir faire tout le programme dans chaque niveau ? Comment me rendre disponible pour chaque niveau ? Comment differencier au sein de chaque niveau ? Comment travailler avec des eleves de cycles differents ? Comment gerer l’ecart d’âge ? Que repondre aux parents inquiets ? Ce livre propose des exemples d’emploi du temps et des fiches pratiques, mais aussi les elements theoriques necessaires pour bien comprendre ce qui se joue dans ces classes, ce qui est demande, ce qui est possible. Il permet de comprendre les enjeux du travail en classe multiniveau, les points d’appui, les ecueils, les outils a adapter; il offre un eventail d'actions… Il aborde concretement la question de l’organisationspatiale et temporelle de la classe, ses specificites, en detaillant notamment la question de l’autonomie des eleves.

Face a l’engouement pour la pedagogie Montessori dans les courants educatifs actuels, l’auteur a souhaite comprendre comment l’adapter a sa classe « ordinaire ». Apres avoir lu toute son œuvre, elle l’a experimentee a la lumiere des savoirs actuels, a teste des pistes concretes, et publie quelques sequences sur son blog Graines de Livres. Face au grand nombre de sollicitations qui en ont decoule, elle a decide d’exposer plus longuement son fonctionnement, ses decouvertes, ses choix… S'inspirer de la pedagogie Montessori pour faire classe Cycle 2 invite a se saisir de "l’esprit" de Maria Montessori afin d’en faire une pedagogie active et vivante, qui reponde aux besoins et attentes d’un enseignant d’aujourd’hui, en charge d’une classe standard. Le climat de classe est, pour Montessori, un element essentiel pour les apprentissages. Une large partie de l’ouvrage y est donc consacree. Mais l’auteur croise et enrichit aussi les principes de Maria Montessori avec des recherches plus recentes publiees par Goigoux, Cebe, Bucheton, Ouzoulias, Brissiaud, Baruck, Charnay, Dehaene… Cet ouvrage mele enfin methodologie et pistes pratiques : apres la presentation de l'idee force, une rubrique «Et dans la classe ?» propose une transposition concrete et donne de nombreux exemples.

Future pessimism in the Early Modern era? Reflections on Early Modern future imaginations exemplified by the baroque Vanitas motif. The following bachelor thesis is about the future imaginations of the Early Modern time. The paper follows the question, if there was a factual ���future pessimism��� in the baroque era, trying to exemplify this by the booming Vanitas motif. Therefore, the thesis will examine the history and meaning of the motif compared to the trends of the tumultous 17th century. As will be shown, the Vanitas motif was also an art form as well as a manifestation of a transience-consciousness that manifested itself not least in the form of Vanitas still life and baroque poetry., historia.scribere, iss. 9, p. 71

From an oasis to an ancient trading metropolis. Considerations about the economic role and importance of the middle eastern oasis of Palmyra in the context of the Roman eastward expansion��Numerous publications deal with the versatile ancient oasis Palmyra, which has been known long before the destruction campaign of ISIS as ancient caravan city and long-distance trade center of the Middle East. Nevertheless, little work devoted especially on the economic importance of the old Tadmor. Therefore this bachelor thesis tries to examine Palmyras economic development from an simple oasis in the barren steppe region of present-day Syria to a leading commercial metropolis in the context of the Roman expansion between the 1st century BC and the 3rd century AD.��, historia.scribere, iss. 9, p. 213

The following seminar-paper deals with the early modern colonialism by the example of the Spanish Empire. In this context the paper works on the question how and why the formerly small kingdom Castile-Arag��n was successful in conquering the so called ���new world��� and as a result in establishing one of the largest empires from global extent in world history from the 15th to the 16th century. Therefor the paper examines the conditions on the Iberian Peninsula at that time as well as the backgrounds of the oversea-conquest, including the impact on the indigenous population, to finally clarify the question of how the spanish colonialism was designed., historia.scribere, iss. 8, p. 159

Animals make a wide variety of physiological and behavioral adjustments in order to maintain caloric homeostasis. For example, most animals increase food intake when the availability of cellular metabolic fuels is low. The area postrema (AP) and adjacent, reciprocally-innervated nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) are important brain areas for metabolic control of food intake in rats. However, in Syrian hamsters, food intake is not affected by decreases in metabolic fuel availability such as those that occur with food deprivation or with pharmacological inhibitors of metabolic fuels. Hamsters make other adjustments that conserve energy when the availability of metabolic fuels is low. Estrous cycles are inhibited by treatment with a high dose of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG), a drug that inhibits cellular glucose utilization, but not by treatment with methyl palmoxirate (MP) a drug that inhibits fatty acid utilization. Recent data suggest that the AP/NTS is critical for the effects of glucoprivation on estrous cycles. Lesions of the AP/NTS prevent 2DG-induced anestrus. If the AP/NTS is involved in anestrus induced by glucoprivation, it might be predicted that glucoprivic treatments that induce anestrus would change patterns of neural activation, as measured by FOS-like immunoreactivity (FOS-li), in the AP/NTS. We examined FOS-li in females that were either food deprived or fed ad libitum, and in females treated with 2DG, MP or the appropriate vehicle. FOS-li was increased in the AP/NTS only in hamsters food deprived or treated with 2DG, the two treatments that induce anestrus but have no effect on food intake. These results are consistent with the notion that metabolic control of estrous cycles involves detection of decreases in the availability of metabolic fuels in the AP/NTS.

Um die Wohnbedingungen franzosischer Arbeiterfamilien zu verbessern und diese mit gesunderen, bezahlbaren Wohnungen zu versorgen, grundeten einflussreiche Industrielle und Sozialreformer die Societe des Cites Ouvrieres. Denn die Verhaltnisse, unter denen Arbeiter im 19. Jahrhundert in Frankreich lebten, galten im europaischen Vergleich als besonders armlich. Dieses Ziel wurde damals allerdings nicht erreicht. Neben Schwierigkeiten bei der Finanzierung erwiesen sich auch ideologische Differenzen und unterschiedliche Interessen der Entscheidungstrager als Problem beim Bau von Wohnraum. Es war ein Streit daruber entbrannt, wie man die Arbeiterfamilien am besten unterbringen sollte. Wahrend die einen dafur pladierten, Gemeinschaftswohnanlagen in der Nahe der Produktionsstatten zu bauen, waren die anderen der Meinung, dass die Arbeiterfamilien in kleinen Hausern mit Selbstversorgergarten am besten untergebracht waren. Den einen ging es um die Kontrolle der Arbeitermassen, wahrend die anderen von einer neuen Gesellschaft traumten. Es ging in diesem Streit nicht zuletzt um Aspekte des gesellschaftlichen Zusammenlebens und der Moral. Die Cite Napoleon ist ein Zeugnis dieser Debatte.