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Background: Science strives to provide high-quality evidence for all members of society, but there continues to be a considerable gender and diversity data gap, i.e., a systematic lack of data for traditionally underrepresented groups. Gender and other diversity domains are related to morbidity, mortality, and social and economic participation, yet comprehensive measures as well as evidence regarding how these domains intersect are missing. We propose a brief, efficient Diversity Minimal Item Set (DiMIS) for routine data collection in empirical studies to contribute to closing the diversity and gender data gap. We focus on the example of health but consider the DiMIS applicable across scientific disciplines.Methods: To identify items for the DiMIS across diversity domains, we performed an extensive literature search and conducted semi-structured interviews with scientific experts and community stakeholders in ten diversity domains. Using this information, we created a minimal item set of self-report survey items for each domain.Findings: Items covering ten diversity domains as well as discrimination experiences were compiled from a variety of sources and modified as recommended by experts. The DiMIS focuses on an intersectional approach, i.e., studying gender, age, socioeconomic status, care responsibilities, sexual orientation, ethnicity, religion, disability, mental and physical health, and their intersections. It allows for data sets with comparable assessments of gender and diversity across multiple projects to be combined, creating samples large enough for meaningful analyses. Interpretation: In proposing the DiMIS, we hope to advance the conversation about closing the gender and diversity data gap in science.

INTRODUCTION. Nicotine dependence contributes to changes in tobacco use among young adults. However, research examining salient dependence motives in young adult users of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) is limited. This study examined the association of dependence motives with ENDS use or lifetime quit attempt, and tests sex moderation in these relationships. METHODS. Young adults (n=304; age 18–24) self-identifying as regular ENDS users and self-reporting vaping within a week of data collection completed an online survey. They reported demographics, past 30-day vaping and smoking days and frequency, and lifetime quit attempt. Dependence motives were measured with the 14-item Wisconsin Inventory for Smoking Dependency Motives. Backward-stepwise models regressed ENDS use behaviors or lifetime quit attempt onto dependence motives, and separately onto the interactions between motives and sex. RESULTS. Tolerance was positively associated with daily ENDS use frequency (b=0.34, p

This study tested whether perceived epilepsy-related stigma is associated with adherence in people living with epilepsy and if information, motivation, and behavioral skills are potential pathways underlying the stigma-adherence link.We surveyed persons living with epilepsy between the ages of 18 and 65 (N = 140) using an online questionnaire to assess medication adherence and perceived epilepsy-related stigma. In addition, participants reported their level of information, motivation, and behavioral skills.Higher perceived epilepsy-related stigma was associated with lower medication adherence (r = -0.18, p.05). Higher perceived stigma was associated with lower levels of information (r = -0.28, p.05), motivation (r = -0.55, p.05), and behavioral skills (r = -0.41, p.05), and the link between stigma and adherence was fully explained by information, motivation, and behavioral skills, i.e., the effect of stigma on adherence was fully mediated (c = -0.18, p.05 reduced to c' = 0.06, p = .48).Perceived epilepsy-related stigma is problematic for maintaining the prescribed medication regimen in people living with epilepsy. The information-motivation-behavioral skills model is a useful framework for understanding the pathways linking perceived stigma and adherence in this population.