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Abstract The indigenous population of the Canary Islands, which colonized the archipelago around the 3rd century CE, provides both a window into the past of North Africa and a unique model to explore the effects of insularity. We generate genome-wide data from 40 individuals from the seven islands, dated between the 3rd–16rd centuries CE. Along with components already present in Moroccan Neolithic populations, the Canarian natives show signatures related to Bronze Age expansions in Eurasia and trans-Saharan migrations. The lack of gene flow between islands and constant or decreasing effective population sizes suggest that populations were isolated. While some island populations maintained relatively high genetic diversity, with the only detected bottleneck coinciding with the colonization time, other islands with fewer natural resources show the effects of insularity and isolation. Finally, consistent genetic differentiation between eastern and western islands points to a more complex colonization process than previously thought.

Reseñas iberoamericanas

Atlantia is described as a new genus pertaining to the family Dendrophylliidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) based on specimens from Cape Verde, eastern Atlantic. This taxon was first recognized as Enallopsammia micranthus and later described as a new species, Tubastraea caboverdiana, which then changed the status of the genus Tubastraea as native to the Atlantic Ocean. Here, based on morphological and molecular analyses, we compare fresh material of T. caboverdiana to other dendrophylliid genera and describe it as a new genus named Atlantia in order to better accommodate this species. Evolutionary reconstruction based on two mitochondrial and one nuclear marker for 67 dendrophylliids and one poritid species recovered A. caboverdiana as an isolated clade not related to Tubastraea and more closely related to Dendrophyllia cornigera and Leptopsammia pruvoti. Atlantia differs from Tubastraea by having a phaceloid to dendroid growth form with new corallites budding at an acute angle from the theca of a parent corallite. The genus also has normally arranged septa (not Portualès Plan), poorly developed columella, and a shallow-water distribution all supporting the classification as a new genus. Our results corroborate the monophyly of the genus Tubastraea and reiterate the Atlantic non-indigenous status for the genus. In the light of the results presented herein, we recommend an extensive review of shallow-water dendrophylliids from the Eastern Atlantic.

The flightless Entiminae weevil genus Laparocerus is the species-richest genus, with 237 species and subspecies, inhabiting Macaronesia (Madeira archipelago, Selvagens, Canary Islands) and the continental ‘Macaronesian enclave’ in Morocco (one single polytypic species). This is the second contribution to gain insight of the genus and assist in its systematic revision with a mitochondrial phylogenetic analysis. It centres on the Canarian clade, adding the 12S rRNA gene to the combined set of COII and 16S rRNA used in our first contribution on the Madeiran clade (here re-analysed). The nuclear 28S rRNA was also used to produce an additional 4-gene tree to check coherency with the 3-gene tree. A total of 225 taxa (95%) has been sequenced, mostly one individual per taxa. Plausible explanations for incoherent data (mitochondrial introgressions, admixture, incomplete lineage sorting, etc.) are discussed for each of the monophyletic subclades that are coincident with established subgenera, or are restructured or newly described. The overall mean genetic divergence (p-distance) among species is 8.2%; the mean divergence within groups (subgenera) ranks from 2.9 to 7.0% (average 4.6%), and between groups, from 5.4% to 12.0% (average 9.2%). A trustful radiation event within a young island (1.72 Ma) was used to calibrate and produce a chronogram using the software RelTime. These results confirm the monophyly of both the Madeiran (36 species and subspecies) and the Canarian (196 species and subspecies) clades, which originated ca. 11.2 Ma ago, and started to radiate in their respective archipelagos ca. 8.5 and 7.7 Ma ago. The Madeiran clade seems to have begun in Porto Santo, and from there it jumped to the Desertas and to Madeira, with additional radiations. The Canarian clade shows a sequential star-shape radiation process generating subclades with a clear shift from East to West in coherence with the decreasing age of the islands. Laparocerus garretai from the Selvagens belongs to a Canarian subclade, and Laparocerus susicus from Morocco does not represent the ancestral continental lineage, but a back-colonisation from the Canaries to Africa. Dispersal processes, colonisation patterns, and ecological remarks are amply discussed. Diversification has been adaptive as well as non-adaptive, and the role of ’geological turbulence’ is highlighted as one of the principal drivers of intra-island allopatric speciation. Based on the phylogenetic results, morphological features and distribution, five new monophyletic subgenera are described: Aridotrox subg. n., Belicarius subg. n., Bencomius subg. n., Canariotrox subg. n., and Purpuranius subg. n., totalling twenty subgenera in Laparocerus.

Del análisis de las ideas de Rubén Darío a las de Vicente Huidobro, los artículos que dan forma al libro aquí reseñado recorren un período de casi medio siglo. Pero si los dos escritores recién mencionados nos hacen pensar inmediatamente en poesía, Manifiestos… de manifiesto nos propone, de entrada, un descentramiento, un cambio sugerente de perspectiva que concentre nuestra atención –el propio título del libro ya lo adelanta– en los manifiestos de aquella época.

The geographical spreading of new fishing activities and the increasingly deeper locations of these activities have shown the worldwide distribution of gerionid crabs and new descriptions of Chaceon taxa. However, incomplete penetrance, variable expressivity, and phenotypic overlap make the morphometric identification of these species difficult. In this study, partial sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and 16S mitochondrial ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) genes have been analyzed in Chaceon species from the Eastern Central and South Atlantic and compared with sequences of species from Western Atlantic. Our results corroborate the proposed morphological species and highlight the significant separation of the Eastern Atlantic species and those from Atlantic coasts of South America for both markers (97% Bayesian posterior probability, BPP / 83% Bootstrap replicates, BT). Interestingly, Chaceon sanctaehelenae shows a closer relationship with the species of the American coast than with those from the Eastern Atlantic. On the other hand, while COI marker clearly separates Chaceon atopus and Chaceon erytheiae species (99 BPP / 91% BT), these species share haplotypes for the 16S rRNA marker, pointing to a recent speciation process. Moreover, a close relationship was observed between Chaceon maritae and Chaceon affinis (94% BPP / 77% BT). The topologies of the trees obtained indicate that the ancestor of this genus was closer related to those species from South America than to those from the Eastern Atlantic.

El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar el efecto de los parámetros dendrométricos de los árboles y la anatomía de la madera sobre las tensiones de crecimiento en tres procedencias de Eucalytpus dunnii Maiden. Se muestrearon 15 árboles de E. dunnii de 19 años en Corrientes, Argentina (28º 26’ 23,7’’ S 58º 59’ 47,7’’ O a una altitud de 65 m). Se determinaron tensiones de crecimiento a través de dos métodos: indicador de tensiones de crecimiento (GSI, CIRAD-Forêt) e índice de rajado en rollizo (IR). Se midió la altura total del árbol, el diámetro (DAP), la relación altura/diámetro, un índice de competencia individual y algunas propiedades anatómicas (espesor de pared fibras, área de pared ocupada, diámetro y frecuencia de vasos). Las procedencias no fueron una fuente significativa de variación para ninguna de las variables. El GSI e IR mostraron magnitudes más bajas que la citadas para la especie (GSI: 0,039-0,137 mm e IR: 0,241-1,866 %). Los valores del espesor de pared de las fibras (3,39 µm ±0,35) son un poco elevados con respecto a los valores esperados lo que podría indicar presencia de leño de tensión. La altura del árbol y la competencia individual no presentaron una asociación significativa con las tensiones de crecimiento. El DAP y la relación AT/DAP tuvieron una relación significativa con el IR solamente (R²=0,42 para AT/DAP y 0,27 para DAP). Las relaciones entre tensiones y las variables anatómicas cuantitativas no fueron significativas en ningún caso.

There is great need for veterinary care for working equids worldwide. Addressing this need provides an opportunity for veterinary students to gain primary care experience. An annual two week collaborative outreach and educational program with Michigan State University (MSU), the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) and the Universidad Veracruzana (UV) was developed to provide care for working equids in rural Mexican communities. From 2017 to 2019 24 US veterinary students and 25 Mexican veterinary students, interns and residents examined, vaccinated and dewormed more than 2200 equids and performed more than 80 castrations, 100 rectal palpations for pregnancy diagnosis, 220 dental floats and 320 hoof trims. They also treated many wounds, sarcoids, vampire bat bites and tick infestations and also saw unusual cases including tetanus, eye injuries, nuchal bursitis, cervical vertebral malformation and suspected vesicular stomatitis. Development of the collaborative MSU-UNAM-UV Equine Welfare in Practice Clerkship required vision, learning, relationship building, creativity, fund-raising and perseverance to develop and agree on mutually beneficial objectives for all participants. The project is largely financed through private donations and supplies provided by pharmaceutical companies. The outcome has been a highly successful program that could be used as a model by other Colleges of Veterinary Medicine world-wide.

Sin resumen.

A propósito de la declaración de incostitucionalidad del Artículo 763-1 de la Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil en virtud de sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional Nº 132/2010 de 2 de diciembre.

La Cuenca de Aluminé constituye un área de acumulación volcano-sedimentaria localizada en el retroarco andino a los 39°S. Forma parte de un conjunto de depocentros denominado Cuenca de Bío Bío-Aluminé, integrando su parte más austral. Estudios estratigráficos, geocronológicos, sedimentológicos y estructurales realizados sobre el relleno de la cuenca indican que la misma habría evolucionado en dos etapas: una etapa extensional oligocena, integrada por lavas basálticas y sedimentos producidos por el retrabajo del material volcanoclástico asociado a depósitos piroclásticos (Formación Rancahue) y otra etapa contraccional del Mioceno Tardío, con depósitos aluviales y piroclásticos coronados por efusiones basálticas (formaciones Chimehuín y Tipilihuque). El relleno de la etapa extensional es fuertemente volcánico y tiene proveniencia del oeste, vinculado al profuso volcanismo basáltico oligoceno del área andina chilena. La etapa contraccional adopta la forma de una cuenca ultramontana, localizada entre las cadenas levantadas principalmente por la inversión de estructuras extensionales mesozoicas y muestra fuerte asimetría y proveniencia desde el este. Evidencias estructurales y geomorfológicas indican la existencia de un hiatus depositacional entre ambas etapas.The Aluminé Basin is a volcano-sedimentary depocentre located in the Andean retroarc at 39°S. It is the southern part of a major depositional system: the Bío Bío-Aluminé Basin. Stratigraphical, geochronological, sedimentological and structural analysis allow us to conclude that the basin evolved through two stages: an Oligocene extensional stage filled with basalts and reworked volcaniclastic and pyroclastic deposits (Rancahue Formation) and a Miocene contractional stage, filled with alluvial and pyroclastic deposits covered by basaltic lavas (Chimehuín and Tipilihuque formations). The volcanic-rich (basaltic) infill of the extensional stage has a western provenance and was derived from widespread magmatic activity that took place during the Oligocene in the adjacent cordilleran axis. The contractional stage basin is an intramontane depocentre limited by uplifted blocks generated mainly by the inversion of Mesozoic extensional faults. It is strongly asymmetric and shows eastern provenance. Structural and geomorphological evidence indicate the existence of a non-depositional hiatus between the two stages.

COMING OFF PSCHIATRIC DRUGS. SUCCESSFUL WITHDRAWAL FROM NEUROPLEPTICS, ANTIDEPRESSANTS, LITHIU, CARBAMAZEPINE AND TRANQILIZERS Peter Lehman ( Ed) Peter Lehman Publshing. Berlin 2004 . Mariano Hernández Monsalve

Sin resumen.

El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar tensiones de crecimiento en Eucalyptus dunnii y determinar el efecto de las propiedades físicas de la madera sobre esta variable. Se muestrearon 45 árboles de un ensayo de 19 años situado en la provincia de Corrientes, Argentina. Se realizaron determinaciones de tensiones de crecimiento a través de dos métodos: indicador de tensiones de crecimiento (GSI, CIRAD-Forêt) e índice de rajado en rollizo (IR). Se midieron las propiedades físicas, densidad básica y contracción volumétrica total y se determinó la variación radial de la densidad básica. Los resultados de GSI e IR mostraron valores más bajos que los citados para la especie (GSI: 0,0763 0,0251 mm e IR: 0,43 0,31 %) y tuvieron buena asociación entre sí (r: 0,71). Se encontró una asociación baja entre tensiones de crecimiento con las propiedades físicas de la madera, densidad básica (r: 0,35 - 0,39) y contracción volumétrica total (r: 0,29 -0,35). Los niveles de asociación aumentaron cuando las correlaciones se hicieron entre las estimaciones de tensiones de crecimiento y la tasa de cambio radial de la densidad básica (r: 0,59 - 0,52). Abstract To evaluate growth stresses in Eucalyptus dunnii and determine the effect of physical wood properties on that variable, a total of 45 trees were sampled from a 19-years-old trial located at Corrientes, Argentina. Growth stresses were determined using the growth stress indicator (GSI, CIRAD-Forêt) and the log end split index (IR). The physical wood properties basic density and total volumetric shrinkage were measured and the pith-to-bark gradient of the basic density was determined. GSI and IR values obtained were lower than those cited for the species (GSI: 0,0763 0,0251 mm and IR: 0,43 0,31 %) and showed good association between themselves (r: 0,71). A low association between growth stresses and the physical wood properties basic density (r: 0,35 – 0,39) and volumetric shrinkage total (r: 0,29-0,35) was founded. The association levels were higher when growth stresses (GSI and IR) and the pith-to-bark gradient of the basic density (r: 0,59-0,52) were correlated.

Se evaluó el efecto de las tensiones de crecimiento sobre la calidad y rendimiento de tablas de Eucalyptus dunnii aserradas verdes. Se muestrearon 45 árboles de un ensayo de 19 años situado en la Provincia de Corrientes, Argentina. Se aserró un rollizo (2 m de largo) por árbol para obtener tablas tangenciales de 2,54 cm de espesor. Se utilizaron los valores de tensiones de crecimiento GSI (CIRAD-Forêt) e índice de rajado en rollizo (IR) determinados sobre esos árboles en un trabajo previo. Se midió el largo de las tablas y de las rajaduras de cabeza. Se determinó el porcentaje de piezas con rajadura de cabeza (P), un índice que cuantifica las rajaduras para la totalidad de tablas aserradas (IRTC) y un índice que cuantifica las rajaduras para las tablas aserradas por rollizo (IRT). Se calculó el rendimiento en bruto del aserrado (R) y un rendimiento en calidad que excluye el defecto de las rajaduras de cabeza (RC). El IRTC fue de 54,4 mm/m y el IRT de 27,87 mm/m ±19,85. Más de la mitad de tablas aserradas presentó rajaduras de cabeza (P: 58%), sin embargo el descenso del rendimiento del aserrado no fue pronunciado (R: 44,2% y RC: 41,7%). El IRT presentó una asociación moderada con las tensiones de crecimiento GSI e IR (r: 0,46 - 0,52). Abstract The growth stress effects on yield and quality of Eucalyptus dunnii green sawn boards were evaluated. A total of 45 trees were sampled from a 19-years-old trial located at Corrientes, Argentina. Each tree was felled and cross-cut to produce a 2 m log. Subsequently each log was sawn to obtain tangential boards 2,54 cm thick. Growth stress indicator (GSI, CIRAD-Forêt) and log end split index (IR) values taken from these trees in a previous research were used. Length of boards and end checks were measured and the percentage of boards with end check (P) was determined. An index to quantify end checks for the whole sawn boards (IRTC) and another for the sawn boards per log (IRT) were calculated. Sawlog gross yield (R) and a quality sawlog yield (RC) which exclude the end check defects were calculated. The IRTC was 54,4 mm/m and the IRT was 27,87 mm/m ±19,85. More than half of the boards had end checks (P); nevertheless the sawlog yield did not show a high decline (R: 44,2 % and RC: 41,7 %). The association between IRT and growth stress indicator GSI and log end split index IR was moderate (r: 0,46 – 0,52).

JESSICA BENJAMÍN. Sujetos iguales, objetos de amor. Ensayo sobre el reconocimiento y la diferencia sexual. Paidós. Argentina 1.997. L. López Mondéjar F. SANTANDER (COMP.). Ética y Práxis. Psiquiátrica. AEN. Madrid 2000. Fernando Santander Informe del Ararteko: Atención comunitaria de la enfermedad mental. Ander Retolaza FRANCISCO CARLES, ISABEL MUÑOZ, CARMEN LLOR, PEDRO MARSET. Psicoanálisis en España (1893-1968). Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría. 2000.341 págs. Fernando Mansilla P. D. MCGORRY, H. J. JACKSON ET AL. The Recognition and Management ofEarly Psychosis. A Preventive Approach Cambridge Univer~ity Press, 1999 (495 pág.) Oscar Jimenez Suarez. Mariano Hernández Monsalve Pliegos. Revista de la Sección de Madrid de la Escuela Europea de Psicoanálisis. Enero 2000. Alberto Gállego Cuevas

Muchas de las apreciaciones y opiniones que exponemos proceden de la experiencia española, tanto de los servicios públicos de salud mental en la red sanitaria general, como de los servicios de sanidad penitenciaria. No es dificil, sin embargo, intentar desde ahí una aproximación a la perspectiva europea, ya que la mayor parte de los problemas, y de las posibles soluciones, son muy parecidos de un país a otro.

Sin resumen.

Sin resumen.

Before the advent of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), ADAM33, ADRB2, CD14, MS4A2 (alias FCER1B), IL13, IL4, IL4R, and TNF constituted the most replicated non-HLA candidate genes with asthma and related traits. However, except for the IL13-IL4 region, none of these genes have been found in close proximity of genome-wide significant hits among GWAS for asthma or related traits. Here we aimed to assess the reproducibility of these asthma associations and to test if associations were more evident considering the effect of age at diagnosis.We systematically evaluated 286 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of these 8 genes in a sample of 1,865 unrelated Spanish individuals (606 asthmatics and 1,259 controls). We found that variants at MS4A2, IL4R and ADAM33 genes demonstrated varying association effects with the age at diagnosis of asthma, with 10 SNPs showing study-wise significance after the multiple comparison adjustment. In addition, in silico replication with GWAS data supported the association of IL4R.Our results support the important role of MS4A2, IL4R and ADAM33 genes in asthma and/or atopy susceptibility. However, additional studies in larger samples sets are needed to firmly implicate these genes in asthma susceptibility, and also to identify the causal variation underlying the associations found.

Sin resumen.

De acuerdo con las revelaciones de los archivos y con los cronistas de la época, el autor de la obra que me dispongo a presentar describe con puntual precisión que en la tarde-noche del 29 de diciembre de 1924 tuvo lugar en la ciudad de Barcelona una maratoniana reunión de un escueto grupo de neuropsiquiatras, que 75 años más tarde reconocemos como uno de los momentos más trascendentes en la historia de la psiquiatría española y, a juzgar por sus efectos a largo plazo, del conjunto de las ciencias y profesiones de la salud mental en España: nacía la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría.

Sin resumen.

Sin resumen.