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1. Relief and paleoenvironmental conditions during the mid-late Miocene in the French Western Alps (Dévoluy Massif) revealed by Obiou cave deposits

Author

Marianna Jagercikova, François Lemot, Pierre Valla, Speranta - Maria Popescu, Séverine Fauquette, Jean-Pierre Suc, Amandine Sartégou, Pieter van Der Beek, Ludovic Mocochain, Alexandre Zappelli, Slovenská Speleologická Spoločnost, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), GeoBioStratData.Consulting, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, and Fauquette, Séverine

Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.CL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDU.STU.GM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract

International audience; Cave levels at high elevations (2250-2370 m), hosting allochthonous sediments with clear provenance from the Pelvoux External Crystalline Massif were identified in the Obiou mountain, Dévoluy Massif (French Western Alps). These deposits result from burial of alluvial sediments of the paleo-Drac River in Miocene times (burial ages of ca. 10-15 Ma). The Drac River is currently situated 1600 m below the caves, indicating significant post-middle Miocene fluvial incision. The pollen analysis on clay cave infill indicates a humid and warm climate, typical for Western Europe in the mid-late Miocene. It also reveals the presence of dinoflagellate cysts from coastal and lagoon environments suggesting deposition of the clays in the caves when they were close to sea level. These findings indicate uplift of the caves of at least 2000 m since the mid-late Miocene. Furthermore, the pollen assemblage originated from different vegetation belts, in agreement with existing data for mid-late Miocene deposits in the western Alps. The pollen flora includes cool-temperate and boreal trees, suggesting high-elevated source areas for the deposits within the Pelvoux catchment. These data confirm the exceptional character of the Obiou cave deposits that provide new geomorphologic constraints for the evolution of the French Western Alps.

Published
2022

2. Quantification of vertical solid matter transfers in soils during pedogenesis by a multi-tracer approach

Author

Marianna Jagercikova, Didier Bourlès, Christine Hatté, Olivier Evrard, Jérôme Balesdent, Sophie Cornu, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de recherche Géochimie des Sols et des Eaux (URGSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), French National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-10-BLANC-605], French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), INSU/CNRS, ANR through the 'Projets thematiques d'excellence' program for the 'Equipements d'excellence' ASTER-CEREGE action [ANR-10-EQPX-24-1], IRD, CEA, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Clay translocation, Stratigraphy, Soil science, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, 0–2-μm fraction, Cosmonuclides, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, TRACER, Numerical modeling, Diffusion (business), [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Organic carbon, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Total organic carbon, Advection, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Pedogenesis, 13. Climate action, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, δ13C, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Particle, Fallout radionuclides, Bioturbation, Geology
Abstract

International audience; Purpose: Vertical transfer of solid matter in soils (bioturbation and translocation) is responsible for changes in soil properties over time through the redistribution of most of the soil constituents with depth. Such transfers are, however, still poorly quantified.Materials and methods: In this study, we examine matter transfer in four eutric Luvisols through an isotopic approach based on 137Cs, 210Pb(xs), and meteoric 10Be. These isotopes differ with respect to chemical behavior, input histories, and half-lives, which allows us to explore a large time range. Their vertical distributions were modeled by a diffusion-advection equation with depth-dependent parameters. We estimated a set of advection and diffusion coefficients able to simulate all isotope depth distributions and validated the resulting model by comparing the depth distribution of organic carbon (including 12/13C and 14C isotopes) and of the 0–2-μm particles with the data.Results and discussion: We showed that (i) the model satisfactorily reproduces the organic carbon, 13C, and 14C depth distributions, indicating that organic carbon content and age can be explained by transport without invoking depth-dependent decay rates; (ii) translocation partly explains the 0–2-μm particle accumulation in the Bt horizon; and (iii) estimates of diffusion coefficients that quantify the soil mixing rate by bioturbation are significantly higher for the studied plots than those obtained by ecological studies.Conclusions: This study presents a model capable of satisfactorily reproducing the isotopic profiles of several tracers and simulating the distribution of organic carbon and the translocation of 0–2-μm particles.

Published
2017
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3. Vertical distributions of 137Cs in soils: a meta-analysis

Author

Marianna Jagercikova, Olivier Evrard, Christine Le Bas, and Sophie Cornu

Subjects
Hydrology, Soil characteristics, Pedogenesis, Soil test, Stratigraphy, Soil water, Northern Hemisphere, Soil science, Soil surface, 15. Life on land, Bioturbation, Geology, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

The vertical distribution of 137Cs—an artificial fallout radionuclide—is controlled by soil characteristics and processes that may differ among soil groups. The application of a single modelling approach to large number of soil profiles provides an original contribution to the literature and allows for comparison between these different soil groups. In order to quantify 137Cs migration in soils, we compiled and modelled depth-distributed data documented in the literature published before 2013. The resulting database comprised ninety-nine 137Cs profiles sampled in 14 soil groups of the World Reference Base (WRB) classification (FAO 1998) under different land uses or covers and collected at various geographical locations in the Northern hemisphere between 1992 and 2007. The 137Cs profiles were classified in seven different categories according to the shape and location of radiocaesium peak. Depth of the latter ranged between 0 and 12 cm (median of 2 cm) and maximal penetration of cesium reached from 12 to 60 cm. The 137Cs depth distributions in these soils were fitted using a diffusion-convection equation to allow comparison between different soil groups. Diffusion coefficients ranged from 0.02 to 4.44 cm2 years−1 in soils (median of 0.64 cm2 year−1), and convection velocities varied from 0 to 0.74 cm year−1 (median of 0.1 cm year−1). The model underestimated 137Cs concentrations by a median value of 1.9 % of the total inventory in soil samples collected below a 13-cm depth. Global 137Cs penetration velocities ranged from 0.05 to 0.76 cm year−1 (median of 0.28 cm year−1) over a 25-year period. Our results showed that modelling 137Cs depth profile with a diffusion-convection equation allowed estimating the bioturbation and clay translocation velocity in a certain number of soil groups. This quantification is crucial as these processes partially control the development of soil surface characteristics and several soil services.

Published
2014
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4. Modeling the migration of fallout radionuclides to quantify the contemporary transfer of fine particles in Luvisol profiles under different land uses and farming practices

Author

Olivier Evrard, Sophie Cornu, Marianna Jagercikova, Jérôme Balesdent, Irène Lefèvre, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Science du Sol (USS), ANR-10-BLAN-0605,AGRIPED,Caractérisation, quantification et modélistion de l'impact de l'usage des terres sur un processus majeur d'évolution des sols : le lessivage.(2010), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
lessivage, Soil Science, Soil science, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Grassland, Panoply, soil, 210 Pb (xs), bioturbation, 137 Cs, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Earth-Surface Processes, 2. Zero hunger, Hydrology, Radionuclide, geography, Conventional tillage, geography.geographical_feature_category, tillage practices, Lessivage, 15. Life on land, Tillage, 13. Climate action, Soil water, Environmental science, Soil horizon, Agronomy and Crop Science, Bioturbation
Abstract

International audience; Soil mixing and the downward movement of solid matter in soils are dynamic pedological processes that strongly affect the vertical distribution of all soil properties across the soil profile. These processes are affected by land use and the implementation of various farming practices, but their kinetics have rarely been quantified. Our objective was to investigate the vertical transfer of matter in Luvisols at long-term experimental sites under different land uses (cropland, grassland and forest) and different farming practices (conventional tillage, reduced tillage and no tillage). To investigate these processes, the vertical radionuclide distributions of Cs-137 and Pb-210 (xs) were analyzed in 9 soil profiles. The mass balance calculations showed that as much as 91 +/- 9% of the Cs-137 was linked to the fine particles (

Published
2014
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