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The hospital environment can be considered a high risk for the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 transmission outbreaks, either for health professionals who are directly involved in the care of suspected or confirmed cases of the disease, or for patients, for being in an environment more vulnerable to the acquisition of nosocomial infections.In this study, we aimed to analyze the occurrence and transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in outbreaks and local chains of transmission in a large tertiary teaching hospital in southern Brazil, in addition to verifying circulating strains and their stromepidemiological relation in the local context.Molecular epidemiology study from September 21, 2020 to October 5, 2021. Positive samples involved in COVID-19 clusters or outbreaks were analyzed using clinical, epidemiological and genomic data.Different lineages and sublineages among patients in the same room were observed. Most patients had their first clinical manifestation, evidence of suspicion, and diagnostic confirmation within 7-14 days or14 days after hospital admission. The patients who have contact with confirmed cases of COVID-19 spent, on average, 6.28 days in the same environment until the positive test. There was a significant association between the outcome and the number of vaccine doses (p0.05), where those who received two doses presented a lower occurrence of death. There was a total replacement of Variant of Concern (VOC) Gamma by VOC Delta from August 2021 at the study site.Although the epidemiological analysis indicates nosocomial infections, through genomic sequencing, it was established that most of the hospital outbreaks had different origins. These findings highlight the utility of integrating epidemiological and genomic data to identify possible routes of viral entry and dissemination. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Longas jornadas de trabalho surgem como um dos fatores de risco vivenciados pelos professores que afetam sua saúde e qualidade de vida. Nesse sentido, ações promotoras da saúde se tornam iminentes como estratégias de mitigação dos impactos à saúde destes profissionais. O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar, a partir de uma revisão integrativa, ações promotoras da saúde realizadas no Brasil com educadores de todos os níveis de ensino desde a implantação da Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde em 2006. A revisão integrativa foi realizada em diferentes bases de dados com os seguintes descritores: “("Promoção da saúde" OR "Health promotion") AND ("Saúde" OR "Health") AND ("Docente" OR "Professor" OR "Teacher") AND ("Saúde do trabalhador" OR "Worker health"). A análise apontou duas categorias empíricas: “Promoção da saúde vocal na prática docente” e “Promoção da qualidade de vida docente: ações integradas”. O grande número de alunos, em sala de aula, a carga horária exaustiva de serviço e a acústica ruim das salas de aula são as principais condições adversas apontadas nos estudos. As ações promotoras de saúde identificadas na primeira categoria analítica foram exercícios, técnicas vocais e trocas de experiências. Na segunda categoria, as oficinas temáticas sobre o corpo e espaços de diálogo permanente foram o foco. Em função do baixo número de estudos se pode verificar que a promoção da saúde dos educadores tem sido negligenciada. Conclui-se que ações intersetoriais, que estimulem a promoção da saúde dos professores, são de extrema importância, pois incentivam a participação, a emancipação, o empoderamento e possibilitam a reflexão dos mesmos sobre as suas realidades laborais, a fim de transformá-las. Palavras-chave: Professor. Promoção da Saúde. Saúde do Trabalhador. Abstract Long working hours are one of the risk factors experienced by teachers that affect their health and quality of life. In this sense, health-promoting actions become imminent as strategies to mitigate the health impacts of these professionals. The present study aims to analyze, from an integrative review, health-promoting actions carried out in Brazil with teachers from all education levels since the implementation of the National Health Promotion Policy in 2006. The integrative review was carried out in different databases with the following descriptors: ("Promoção da saúde" OR "Health promotion") AND ("Saúde" OR "Health") AND ("Professores" OR "Teacher" OR "Teacher") AND ("Saúde do trabalhador" OR "Worker health"). The analysis pointed out two empirical categories: "Promotion of vocal health in teaching practice" and "Promotion of teaching quality of life: integrated actions". The large number of students in the classroom, the exhaustive hours of service and the poor acoustics of the classrooms are the main adverse conditions pointed out in the studies. The health-promoting actions identified in the first analytical category were exercises, vocal techniques, exchange of experiences. In the second category, thematic workshops on the body and spaces for permanent dialogue were the focus. Due to the low number of studies, it can be seen that the teachers’ health promotion has been neglected. It is concluded that intersectoral actions that encourage the promotion of teachers' health are extremely important, as they encourage participation, emancipation, empowerment and enable their reflection on their work realities, in order to transform them. Keywords: Teacher. Health Promotion. Occupational Health.

A Plataforma virtual CHA para educadores é uma tecnologia social de apoio aos educadores na ampliação de Conhecimentos e desenvolvimento de Habilidades e Atitudes em saúde para o enfrentamento das mudanças sociais e educacionais devido a COVID-19. O presente artigo apresenta análises quali-quantitativas de uma amostra da população de educadores da educação básica do Brasil, consultados pelo projeto para validação do mesmo. O estudo piloto foi realizado por meio de um questionário eletrônico distribuído nas mídias sociais por um mês para professores ativos da educação básica. Desses, 83 responderam a todo questionário, 75% são mulheres com média de idade de 41,3 anos com mais de 15 anos de magistério; 59% pertencem ao grupo de risco e atuam no ensino público; 52,6% estavam em luto e 43% têm dificuldade com as mídias digitais. Educadores (85%) relataram estar estressados e com medo. A maioria indicou trabalhar mais de 12 horas/dia (75%), mas identificaram que a presença dos alunos nas aulas remotas foi baixa. A análise de conteúdo dos discursos escritos no questionário diagnóstico revelou duas categorias, Saúde do Docente e Ensino-aprendizagem e 14 subcategorias (07 para cada) relacionadas aos impactos da pandemia na saúde do educador influenciando diretamente a sua práxis e a qualidade do processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Os resultados demonstraram a necessidade de um espaço de cuidado com a saúde do professor e de qualificação e troca profissional entre eles para a melhoria do processo de ensino-aprendizagem em tempos de pandemia COVID-19

Chikungunya is a reemerging arthropod-borne virus that has been causing large outbreaks in the Americas. In Brazil, Asian-Caribbean and ECSA genotypes have been detected and lead to large outbreaks in several states since 2014. In Rio Grande do Sul (RS), the southernmost State, the first autochthonous cases were reported in 2016. We employed genome sequencing and epidemiological investigation to characterize the increasing CHIKF burden in RS between 2017– 2021. Distinct lineages of the ECSA genotype were responsible for human infections between 2017–2021. Until 2020, CHIKV introductions were most travel associated and transmission was limited. Then, in 2021, the largest outbreak occurred in the state associated with the introduction of a new ECSA lineage. New CHIKV outbreaks are likely to occur in the near future due to abundant competent vectors and a susceptible population, exposing more than 11 million inhabitants to an increasing infection risk.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the pandemic that started in late 2019 and still affects people’s lives all over the world. Lack of protective immunity after primary infection has been involved with reported reinfection cases by SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we described two cases of reinfection caused by non-VOC (Variants of Concern) strains in southern Brazil, being one patient a healthcare worker. The four samples previously positive for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were sequenced by a high-performance platform and the genomic analysis confirmed that lineages responsible for infections were B.1.91 and B.1.1.33 (patient 1), and B.1.1.33 and B.1.1.28 (patient 2). The interval between the two positive RT-qPCR for patients 1 and 2 was 45 and 61 days, respectively. This data shows that patients may be reinfected even by very closely related SARS-CoV-2 lineages. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42770-021-00621-0.

Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) has been widely detected worldwide in healthy and sick pigs. Recently its association with clinical disease and reproductive failure has been proven through the detection of intralesional viral mRNA in affected pigs. This study aims to describe the occurrence of PCV3-associated reproductive failure (abortions) in sow herds in southern Brazil. Eleven fetuses from five different litters from two herds were analyzed. These herds reported an increase in the rate of late-gestation abortions, stillbirths, and the percentage of mummified piglets. At gross examination, six of the fetuses had large caudally rotated ears and one fetus was mummified. Microscopically, multisystemic vasculitis, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, myocarditis, and encephalitis were observed. These six fetuses with gross and histological lesions were positive in qPCR analysis for PCV3, and PCV3 transcription was shown through in situ hybridization (ISH-RNA) within the histologic lesions. Samples from all 11 fetuses tested negative in PCR exam for Porcine Circovirus type 1 and 2, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome, Porcine Parvovirus, and Atypical Porcine Pestivirus. Furthermore, based on the ORF2 analysis, the PCV3a clade was identified. This is the first report of PCV3a-associated reproductive failure in pig herds in South America.

Different approaches are in use to improve our knowledge about the causative agent of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Cell culture-based methods are the better way to perform viral isolation, evaluate viral infectivity, and amplify the virus. Furthermore, next-generation sequencing (NGS) have been essential to analyze a complete genome and to describe new viral species and lineages that have arisen over time. Four naso-oropharyngeal swab samples, collected from April to July of 2020, were isolated and sequenced aiming to produce viral stocks and analyze the mutational profile of the found lineage. B.1.1.33 was the lineage detected in all sequences. Although the samples belong to the same lineage, it was possible to evaluate different mutations found including some that were first described in these sequences, like the S:H655Y and T63N. The results described here can help to elicit how the pandemic started to spread and how it has been evolving in south Brazil.

As a health professional, biomedical practitioners must have knowledge about the concept and strategies of health promotion to act with such guidance, through the exercise of practices and forms of dialogue with society, improving these strategies according to the current context. In this sense, the study aims to analyze what the literature presents about the relationship between the biomedical professional and health promotion. This is a scope review that had the following guiding question: How is the Brazilian scientific production on biomedical professionals and health promotion characterized in national journals since 1999? Even though a portion of the articles found focus on the role of the biomedic, as identified in the analysis, all indicate weaknesses and effects arising from academic training. Thus, it was indicated that greater integration between courses in the health area, practical experience with application to society, studies with an anthropological perspective and an emphasis on interdisciplinarity would help in a broader training for the exercise of the biomedical professional in health promotion. Como profesional de la salud, los biomédicos deben tener conocimientos sobre el concepto y las estrategias de la promoción de la salud para actuar con dicha orientación, a través del ejercicio de prácticas y formas de diálogo con la sociedad, perfeccionando estas estrategias de acuerdo al contexto actual. En este sentido, el estudio tiene como objetivo analizar lo que presenta la literatura sobre la relación entre el profesional biomédico y la promoción de la salud. Se trata de una revisión exploratoria que tuvo la siguiente pregunta orientadora: ¿Cómo se caracteriza la producción científica brasileña sobre profesionales biomédicos y promoción de la salud en las revistas nacionales desde 1999? Si bien una parte de los artículos encontrados se centran en el papel de la biomedicina, tal como se identifica en el análisis, todos señalan debilidades y efectos derivados de la formación académica. Así, se indicó que una mayor integración entre cursos en el área de la salud, experiencia práctica con aplicación a la sociedad, estudios con perspectiva antropológica y un énfasis en la interdisciplinariedad ayudaría en una formación más amplia para el ejercicio del profesional biomédico en la promoción de la salud. Como profissional da saúde, o biomédico deve ter conhecimento acerca do conceito e das estratégias da promoção da saúde para atuarem com tal orientação, por meio do exercício das práticas e formas de diálogo com a sociedade, aprimorando essas estratégias de acordo com o contexto atual. Nesse sentido, o estudo tem como objetivo analisar o que a literatura apresenta sobre a relação entre o profissional biomédico e a promoção da saúde. Trata-se de revisão de escopo que teve a seguinte pergunta norteadora: Como se caracteriza a produção científica brasileira sobre profissional biomédico e promoção da saúde em revistas nacionais a partir do ano de 1999? Mesmo que uma parcela dos artigos encontrados tenha foco na atuação do biomédico, como identificado na análise, todos indicam fragilidades e efeitos oriundos da formação acadêmica. Desse modo, foi indicado que uma maior integração entre os cursos da área da saúde, vivência prática com a aplicação para a sociedade, estudos com perspectiva antropológica e ênfase na interdisciplinaridade auxiliariam em uma formação mais ampliada para o exercício do profissional biomédico na promoção da saúde.

Scientific Dissemination (SD) is a method for disseminating scientific-academic knowledge whose objective is to democratize access to information and encourage the development of critical thinking, reaching different publics. Ludic-educational practices application as dissemination method is necessary for a more dynamic learning and greater cognitive development. Besides that, educational institutions are seen as important promoters of educational actions, especially in the health area. Knowing that adolescents are among the most vulnerable groups and have a basic knowledge deficiency about Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), the adoption of more effective interventions on the subject is crucial. Thus, with this work, the objective is to propose SD strategies in school spaces through playful-educational activities about IST as a pedagogical tool and health promoter. This proposal for Scientific Dissemination is composed of teaching strategies, different from the traditional expository model are highlighted, such as the promotion of knowledge through basic and preventive information about these infections and their impacts on health; interactive actions through quiz games entitled “Jogo de Tabuleiro Humano”, “Quiz Torta na Cara” and “Ida ao Posto de Saúde”; and dissemination of local Primary Health Care units. These ludic activities are relevant because they encourage the participation and teamwork of the students involved, in addition to favoring a more attractive and creative teaching-learning process, fundamental issues for the practice of health-promoting actions in the school environment. La Divulgación Científica (DC) es un método de difusión del conocimiento científico-académico cuyo objetivo es democratizar el acceso a la información y estimular el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico, alcanzando diferentes públicos. El uso de prácticas lúdico-educativas como método de difusión es necesario para un aprendizaje más dinámico y con mayor desarrollo cognitivo. También refuerza a las instituciones educativas como importantes promotoras de acciones educativas, especialmente en salud. Teniendo en cuenta que los adolescentes se encuentran entre los grupos más vulnerables y carecen de conocimientos básicos sobre las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual (ITS), la adopción de intervenciones más efectivas sobre el tema es crucial. Así, con este trabajo se tiene como objetivo proponer estrategias de DC en los espacios escolares a través de actividades lúdico-educativas sobre las ITS como herramienta pedagógica y promotora de salud. Esta propuesta de divulgación científica se compone de estrategias didácticas, distintas al modelo expositivo tradicional, como la promoción del conocimiento a través de información básica y preventiva sobre estas infecciones y sus impactos en la salud; acciones interactivas a través de juegos de preguntas y respuestas titulados “Jogo de Tabuleiro Humano”, “Quiz Torta na Cara” y “Ida ao Posto de Saúde”; y difusión de las unidades locales de Atención Primaria de Salud. Estas actividades lúdicas son relevantes porque fomentan la participación y el trabajo en equipo de los estudiantes involucrados, además de favorecer un proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje más atractivo y creativo, cuestiones fundamentales para la práctica de acciones promotoras de salud en el ambiente escolar. Divulgação Científica (DC) é um método de difusão do conhecimento científico-acadêmico cujo objetivo é democratizar o acesso à informação e estimular o desenvolvimento de senso crítico, atingindo diferentes públicos. A utilização de práticas lúdico-educativas como método de divulgação faz-se necessária para um aprendizado mais dinâmico e com maior desenvolvimento cognitivo. Reforça ainda as instituições de ensino como importantes promotoras de ações educativas, especialmente em saúde. Sabendo que os adolescentes estão entre os grupos mais vulneráveis e possuem defasagem de conhecimento básico quanto às Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST), a adoção de intervenções mais efetivas acerca do tema é crucial. Assim, com esse trabalho, objetiva-se propor estratégias de DC em espaços escolares através de atividades lúdico-educativas sobre IST como ferramenta pedagógica e promotora da saúde. Esta proposta de divulgação científica é composta por estratégias de ensino, diferentes do modelo expositivo tradicional, tais como a promoção de conhecimento por meio de informações básicas e preventivas sobre essas infecções e seus impactos na saúde; ações interativas através de jogos de perguntas e respostas intitulados “Jogo de Tabuleiro Humano”, “Quiz Torta na Cara” e “Ida ao Posto de Saúde”; e divulgação das unidades locais de Atenção Primária à Saúde. Essas atividades lúdicas são relevantes por estimularem a participação e trabalho em equipe dos estudantes envolvidos, além de favorecerem ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem mais atrativo e criativo, questões fundamentais para a prática de ações promotoras da saúde no ambiente escolar.

We aimed to describe the SARS-CoV-2 lineages circulating early pandemic among samples with S gene dropout and characterize the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of viral spike protein. Adults and children older than 2 months with signs and symptoms of COVID-19 were prospectively enrolled from May to October in Porto Alegre, Brazil. All participants performed RT-PCR assay, and samples with S gene dropout and cycle threshold < 30 were submitted to high-throughput sequencing (HTS). 484 out of 1,557 participants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The S gene dropout was detected in 7.4% (36/484) and a peak was observed in August. The B.1.1.28, B.1.91 and B.1.1.33 lineages were circulating in early pandemic. The RBD novel mutation (Y380Q) was found in one sample occurring simultaneously with C379W and V395A, and the B.1.91 lineage in the spike protein. The Y380Q and C379W may interfere with the binding of neutralizing antibodies (CR3022, EY6A, H014, S304).

The emergence of Variants of Concern (VOC) presenting an unusual number of new mutations is one of the most remarkable features of SARS-CoV-2. The Delta variant, since its appearance, replaced the VOC Gamma, which was responsible for the major COVID-19 wave in Brazil. In this study, we performed a Delta whole-genome sequencing of 183 samples as part of a major genomic surveillance study performed since the beginning of the pandemic. Here, we showed an emergence, widespread dispersion and consolidation of the Delta variant in Rio Grande do Sul State, completely replacing the Gamma variant in a four to five months period. Performing the phylogenetic and phylodynamic analysis, the majority of the sequences generated herein were classified as AY.99.2, AY.99.2-like and AY.101. AY.99.2 Delta-related lineage has been widely reported in Brazil and in the Americas as well. Altogether, our findings provided a mutational profile of the sequences and presented high substitutions per site in the root-to-tip phylogenetic tree, corroborating studies that show the high mutational rate of SARS-CoV-2 over time.

BackgroundThe emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants is a current public health concern possibly impacting COVID-19 disease diagnosis, transmission patterns and vaccine effectiveness.ObjectivesTo describe the SARS-CoV-2 lineages circulating early pandemic among samples with S gene dropout and characterize a novel mutation in receptor-binding domain (RBD) of viral spike protein.Study designAdults and children older than 2 months with signs and symptoms of COVID-19 were prospectively enrolled from May to October 2020 in Porto Alegre, Brazil. All participants performed RT-PCR assays for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2, samples with S gene dropout and Ct < 30 (cycle threshold) were submitted to whole genome sequencing (WGS), and homology modeling and physicochemical properties analysis were performed.Results484/1,557 participants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The S gene dropout was detected in 7.4% (36/484) as early as May, and a peak was observed in early August. WGS was performed in 8 samples. The B.1.1.28, B.1.91 and B.1.1.33 lineages were circulating in early pandemic. The RBD novel mutation (Y380Q) was found in one sample occurring simultaneously with C379W and V395A, and the B.1.91 lineage in the spike protein.ConclusionMutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike region were detected early in the COVID-19 pandemic in Southern Brazil, regarding the B.1.1.28, B.1.91 and B.1.1.33 lineages identified. The novel mutation (Y380Q) with C379W, modifies important RBD properties, which may interfere with the binding of neutralizing antibodies (CR3022, EY6A, H014, S304).HighlightsCharacterization of novel mutation (Y380Q) in RBD of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteinThe Y380Q and C379W modify important properties in the SARS-CoV-2 RBD regionThe RBD mutations may interfere with the binding of neutralizing antibodiesThe B.1.1.28, B.1.91 and B.1.1.33 lineages were circulating in early pandemic

Multiple variants of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 virus (SARS-CoV-2) have been constantly reported across the world. The B.1.1.28 lineage has been evolving in Brazil since February 2020 and originated the P.1 variant of concern (VOC), recently named as the Gamma variant by the newly WHO nomenclature proposal, and P.2 as a variant of interest (VOI). Here we describe an early case of P.1 primary infection in Southern Brazil in late November 2020, soon after the emergence of the variant in Manaus, Northern Brazil. The same male patient was reinfected by another B.1.1.28 variant, namely P.2, in March, 2021. The genomic analysis confirmed genetically significant differences between the two viruses recovered in both infections, the P.1 lineage in the first episode and P.2 in the reinfection. Due the very early detection of P.1, we have also investigated the circulation of P.1 in the same region by differential RT-qPCR, showing that this was an isolated case of P.1 at the time of detection, and this variant has disseminated and became prominent from late January to the end of March, 2021. SARS-CoV-2 recent reports of reinfection have raised critical questions on whether and how well a first infection protects against reinfection.

In the Neotropical region, the white-winged vampire bat (Diaemus youngi) is the rarest of the three species of vampire bats. This bat species feeds preferentially on bird blood, and there is limited information on the viruses infecting D. youngi. Hence, this study aimed to expand the knowledge about the viral diversity associated with D. youngi by sampling and pooling the lungs, liver, kidneys, heart, and intestines of all animals using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) on the Illumina MiSeq platform. A total of three complete and 10 nearly complete circular virus genomes were closely related to gemykrogvirus (Genomoviridae family), smacovirus (Smacoviridae family), and torque teno viruses (TTVs) (Anelloviridae family). In addition, three sequences of bat paramyxovirus were detected and found to be closely related to viruses reported in Pomona roundleaf bats and rodents. The present study provides a snapshot of the viral diversity associated with white-winged vampire bats and provides a baseline for comparison to viruses detected in future outbreaks.

SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is constantly mutating, leading to new variants that culminate in a temporal lineages fluctuation. B.1.1.28 lineage has been evolving in Brazil since February 2020 and originated P.1 (VOC), P.2 (VOI) and other P.Xs proposed as new variants.In this study, through the Illumina platform, we performed the whole-genome sequencing of 26 positive samples of SARS-CoV-2. Employing variant calling analysis on FASTQ reads and phylogenetic inference, we report a brief dispersion of a potentially new B.1.1.28-derived variant detected between 2021 May and June in individuals crossing the border between Brazil and Argentina, and local spread to inpatients from hospitals at the Rio Grande do Sul state capital (Porto Alegre). Besides, the Rio Grande do Sul State SARS-CoV-2 genomic epidemiological data was analyzed and showed an important B.1.1.28 peak in RS at the same period (May-June), even in the presence of a major Gamma wave.The emergence of a putative B.1.1.28-derived lineage was identified in travelers crossing Brazil-Argentina border representing an important peak of B.1.1.28 in RS State with a decreased in Gamma variant frequency in the same period of time.

In this study, phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of cattle pestiviruses (BVDV-1, 2 and HoBiPeV) originating in Brazil were used to investigate the temporal diversification of subgenotypes in the country. Inferred dated phylogeny and time of the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) demonstrated that some BVDV subgenotypes (1a, 1b, 1d, 1e, and 2b) and HoBi-like sequences clustered according to the region in which they were collected and that the diversification of subgenotypes appears to have occurred around the introduction of first Bos taurus and then Bos indicus, followed by expansion to form the adapted Brazilian breeds. The present results help to elucidate the temporal facts that led to diversification of ruminant pestiviruses in cattle in Brazil.

O trabalho parte das atividades realizadas na disciplina de Estágio III, do curso de História, da Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA). O estágio ocorreu no Clube Social 24 de Agosto, localizado em Jaguarão, em 2013, e teve como objetivo construir instrumentos metodológicos para o desempenho de uma ação docente que percebesse o ensino de História presente em diferentes espaços. A proposta prática foi surgindo a partir da pesquisa do acervo da instituição, em que foram analisadas fontes escritas, bibliográficas e atas, bem como por meio do diálogo com os membros do clube. Visando demonstrar e mediar o conhecimento sobre a cultura afrodescendente, confeccionamos uma exposição na Escola Estadual de Ensino Fundamental Pio XII, intitulada “A África está aqui! Um pouco das histórias do Clube 24”. Posteriormente, realizamos uma oficina de máscaras africanas, com o intuito de aproximarmos os alunos de uma prática usual dessa cultura. A intenção das ações foi fazer com todos tivessem maior contato com a cultura afro, desenvolvendo uma percepção crítica para desconstruir concepções etnocêntricas legitimadas por um ensino de História tradicional. Conseguimos alcançar alguns dos objetivos, como a problematização das crianças em relação ao tema, visto que a todo o momento surgiram várias perguntas, por exemplo, sobre o que era um quilombo e o que era um continente, além delas relacionarem a capoeira com as suas vidas. Nesse sentido, verificamos a relevância desse trabalho para auxiliar na construção de cidadãos pensantes e preocupados com questões sociais e étnico-raciais.

Resumo Objetivo: identificar e analisar os principais desafios e oportunidades relacionados à formação de trabalhadores e profissionais da saúde, no que tange a perspectiva de incorporação das ações de saúde do trabalhador no âmbito da Atenção Básica. Métodos: estudo exploratório-descritivo, baseado na revisão de artigos e documentos de acesso público que subsidiaram a construção de matrizes SWOT (do inglês strengths, weaknesses, opportunities e threats) para as interfaces entre os campos da Saúde do Trabalhador, Atenção Básica e Gestão de Serviços e Programas de Saúde. Resultados: a análise dos dados evidenciou desafios e oportunidades para a formação de trabalhadores em quatro áreas de interface dos referidos campos, cada qual com demandas específicas, desde a formação acadêmica (ênfase nos mestrados acadêmicos e doutorados) até a formação em serviços (ênfase nas residências multiprofissionais e mestrados profissionais). Discussão: a partir da análise dos campos de interface evidenciados, espera-se contribuir para o desenvolvimento de programas que considerem a centralidade dos determinantes sociais e ambientais das relações saúde-trabalho e que contemple a diversidade de modalidades formativas adequadas para o fortalecimento das estratégias de intervenção em Saúde do Trabalhador no SUS. Abstract Objective: to identify and analyze the main challenges and opportunities for health workers’ training, regarding the inclusion of occupational health policies within the scope of Primary Health Care. Methods: exploratory-descriptive study, based on a review of public documents and scientific articles that supported the construction of SWOT matrices, aiming at highlighting the interfaces between the fields of Occupational Health, Primary Health Care, Management of Health Services and Health Programs. Results: data analysis evinced challenges and opportunities for health workers’ training in the four fields interface, each of them with specific demands, from academic education (emphasis on masters and doctorate degrees) to Services training (emphasis on multi-professional residences and professional masters programs). Discussion: based on the fields interface analysis, this study may contribute to the design of intervention strategies that take into account the centrality of the health-work relations social and environmental determinants, as well as to focus on appropriated training approaches for strengthening occupational health intervention strategies in the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS).

Esta dissertação inscreve-se na Linha de Pesquisa “Educação, Escola e Tecnologias do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Linguagem e Tecnologias da Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG). O objetivo geral é conhecer e analisar se a criança é reconhecida como um ser de direitos na história da educação brasileira e nas políticas educacionais para a infância. O problema investigado foi assim expresso: a criança, na história da educação brasileira e nas políticas educacionais para a infância no Brasil é reconhecida como um ser de direitos? O estudo justifica-se pela posição relevante que a educação infantil vem conquistando, com seu papel fundamental de preparação das crianças para a socialização, diferentes tipos de desenvolvimentos, tais como psicomotor, percepções de mundo, sensações e conhecimentos. Os estudos encontrados mostram a necessidade de mais investigações e reflexões sobre o tema, a fim de poder contribuir com a qualidade desse espaço educacional e direito da criança. Deve- se também buscar a emancipação de pesquisas para compreender a história da criança, analisar e comparar suas conquistas e situações atuais. A pesquisa se desenvolveu em uma perspectiva qualitativa, uma vez que pretendeu conhecer a educação infantil como espaço social. Os resultados desta pesquisa apontam que muito tem se alcançado, principalmente a partir do século XX, reconhecendo a criança como um ser de direitos. Documentos e legislações determinam as formas de trabalhar e conviver com a heterogeneidade apresentada nas infâncias (CF 1988), (LDB, 1996), (RECNEI, 1998), (PNE, 2006), (DCNEI, 2009). Porém, o que consta na legislação não garante que na prática esteja acontecendo. Dados apresentados pelo IBGE (2017) e Censo Escolar (2017, 2018) comprovam a distância do atendimento e oferta de vagas para compreender toda a demanda nacional. This dissertation is part of the Research Line “Education, School and Technologies” of the Graduate Program in Education Language and Technologies of the State University of Goiás (UEG). The general aim of the research is to seek and analyze if the child is recognized a human being of rights in the history of Brazilian education and in the educational policies for the childhood. The investigated problem was expressed as follows: the child, in the history of the Brazilian education and in the educational policies for the childhood in Brazil is recognized as a human being of rights? The searched studies show the need for further researches and reflections on the theme, in order to contribute to the quality of this educational space and children's rights. It is also due to the emancipation of research that seeks to understand the child's history, analyze and compare their achievements and current situations. The research was developed in a qualitative perspective, since it intended to conceive early childhood education as social spaces. The results of this research show that much has been achieved mainly since the twentieth century, establishing the child as a human being of rights. Documents and legislations determine the ways of working and living with the heterogeneity presented in childhood (CF 1988), (LDB, 1996), (RECNEI, 1998), (PNE, 2006), (DCNEI, 2009). However, what is in the legislation does not guarantee that in practice it is happening. Data presented by IBGE (2017) and School Census (2017, 2018) show the distance of service and vacancies to take account all the national demand.

Recently, the highest wave of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic occurred since the beginning of the pandemic in Brazil was registered in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) State, Southern Brazil, considering the number of cases, deaths and hospitalization per day caused by COVID-19. In this study we described which lineages were circulating in the first quarter of 2021 in Southern Brazil to better understand the viral factors involved in the health crisis caused by SARS-CoV-2 in the region, searching also for possible additional SARS-CoV-2 sequence mutations. A total of 70 positive SARS-CoV-2 samples collected between January 28th, 2021 until April 23rd, 2021, were selected to sequencing. Whole genome sequencing of 70 SARS-CoV-2 samples showed a predominance of Gamma lineage (67%, 47/70), followed by P.2 lineage (27%, 19/70) and B.1.1.28 (6%, 4/70). Two Gamma lineage consensus sequences presented a new S:D614A mutation. Newly mutations could be emerging due the quick SARS-CoV-2 spreading. Thus, the greater understanding about immune protection and variants vigilance is essential to the better management of the health SARS-CoV-2 crisis.

Este trabalho objetivou refletir sobre a Política da Educação do Campo no Brasil e o protagonismo do homem do campo na articulação entre uma prática pedagógica problematizadora e o reconhecimento identitário dos saberes locais. Foram analisados os principais instrumentos jurídicos relacionados à construção da Educação do Campo no Brasil e artigos científicos sobre o tema. Educação é um direito publico, e há políticas públicas garantindo o acesso ao ensino obrigatório e gratuito. A Política da Educação do Campo, ao considerar as particularidades da formação humana no e do campo, valoriza a identidade e a diversidade das pessoas que vivem e trabalham no meio rural.Como estratégia direcionada às populações do campo, a adoção da Pedagogia da Alternância representa um processo dinâmico, dialógico e participativo,propiciador do empoderamento do sujeito do campo por meio da aprendizagem como experiência e vivência de e no mundo. A valorização dos diferentes saberes dos sujeitos locais faz com que a Educação do Campo seja uma política educativa identitária, que resgata elementos que privilegiem o ser humano na sua integralidade, instrumentalizando-o para intervenção e transformação da sua realidade, mas que precisa de autonomia e democracia para preservar a identidade e a dinâmica da sociedade camponesa.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to assess pesticide exposure risk perception among farmers from three rural areas of Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. METHODS: Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 66 adults and participatory workshops with 27 teenagers and analyzed through content analysis techniques. Systematized results were discussed at local meetings, and two risk communication initiatives were devised. RESULTS: Study results demonstrated the use of defensive strategies by men and a diminished risk perception among women. Teenagers relied on parents to develop their own work practices. These findings supported the importance of cultural and social determinants of farmers' understandings of risk and of the relevance of different pesticide exposure pathways. CONCLUSIONS: Risk perceptions and work practices are strongly influenced by local cultural patterns and, therefore, must be taken into account when developing effective intervention strategies, including risk communication initiatives. Am. J. Ind. Med. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Language: en

Nas últimas décadas, as atividades humanas têm causado forte impacto sobre o ambiente marinho, provocando alterações no seu processo ecológico. A relação entre a saúde dos oceanos, as atividades antropogênicas e a saúde pública já é consenso, entretanto, seus mecanismos ainda estão sob os olhares da ciência. Essas relações incluem o foco sobre as mudanças climáticas, florações de algas tóxicas, contaminação microbiológica e química nas águas marinhas e bioinvasão de espécies exóticas. Além disso, existe a relação dos valores benéficos que os oceanos proporcionam à saúde e bem-estar da humanidade, tais como produtos naturais relevantes para a alimentação humana, o desenvolvimento da biomedicina, ou simplesmente, a satisfação humana derivada da recreação, esportes e outras interações dos seres humanos com os oceanos. A importância de se conhecer a relação entre saúde pública e a saúde dos oceanos dá-se, principalmente, devido ao crescente número de pessoas vivendo em zonas costeiras, nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais, tendo como pano de fundo as atividades antropogênicas produtoras de risco para a saúde do ambiente marinho, aumento da vulnerabilidade do homem, da biodiversidade e da iniquidade socioambiental.Over the past decades, human activities have had a heavy impact on the marine environment, causing alterations in ecological processes. The relationship between the health of the oceans, human activities and public healthcare is already generally accepted, though the mechanisms involved are still under scientific scrutiny. These relationships include a focus on climate change, toxic algal blooms, microbial and chemical contamination in marine waters and bioinvasion by exotic species. Moreover, there is the beneficial effect of the oceans on human health and wellbeing, such as natural products for the human diet, the development of biomedicine, or simply the satisfaction derived from human recreation, sports and other interactions of humans with oceans. The importance of appreciating the link between public healthcare and the health of the oceans is especially important due to the growing number of people living in coastal areas, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. The backcloth to this is risk-related human activities that pose a danger to marine environmental health and the increase in the vulnerability of humans and biodiversity and socio-environmental iniquity.

This study aims to assess pesticide exposure risk perception among farmers from three rural areas of Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 66 adults and participatory workshops with 27 teenagers and analyzed through content analysis techniques. Systematized results were discussed at local meetings, and two risk communication initiatives were devised.Study results demonstrated the use of defensive strategies by men and a diminished risk perception among women. Teenagers relied on parents to develop their own work practices. These findings supported the importance of cultural and social determinants of farmers' understandings of risk and of the relevance of different pesticide exposure pathways.Risk perceptions and work practices are strongly influenced by local cultural patterns and, therefore, must be taken into account when developing effective intervention strategies, including risk communication initiatives.

Nas últimas décadas, as atividades humanas têm causado forte impacto sobre o ambiente marinho, provocando alterações no seu processo ecológico. A relação entre a saúde dos oceanos, as atividades antropogênicas e a saúde pública já é consenso, entretanto, seus mecanismos ainda estão sob os olhares da ciência. Essas relações incluem o foco sobre as mudanças climáticas, florações de algas tóxicas, contaminação microbiológica e química nas águas marinhas e bioinvasão de espécies exóticas. Além disso, existe a relação dos valores benéficos que os oceanos proporcionam à saúde e bem-estar da humanidade, tais como produtos naturais relevantes para a alimentação humana, o desenvolvimento da biomedicina, ou simplesmente, a satisfação humana derivada da recreação, esportes e outras interações dos seres humanos com os oceanos. A importância de se conhecer a relação entre saúde pública e a saúde dos oceanos dá-se, principalmente, devido ao crescente número de pessoas vivendo em zonas costeiras, nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais, tendo como pano de fundo as atividades antropogênicas produtoras de risco para a saúde do ambiente marinho, aumento da vulnerabilidade do homem, da biodiversidade e da iniquidade socioambiental.

Nas últimas décadas, as atividades humanas têm causado forte impacto sobre o ambiente marinho, provocando alterações no seu processo ecológico. A relação entre a saúde dos oceanos, as atividades antropogênicas e a saúde pública já é consenso, entretanto, seus mecanismos ainda estão sob os olhares da ciência. Essas relações incluem o foco sobre as mudanças climáticas, florações de algas tóxicas, contaminação microbiológica e química nas águas marinhas e bioinvasão de espécies exóticas. Além disso, existe a relação dos valores benéficos que os oceanos proporcionam à saúde e bem-estar da humanidade, tais como produtos naturais relevantes para a alimentação humana, o desenvolvimento da biomedicina, ou simplesmente, a satisfação humana derivada da recreação, esportes e outras interações dos seres humanos com os oceanos. A importância de se conhecer a relação entre saúde pública e a saúde dos oceanos dá-se, principalmente, devido ao crescente número de pessoas vivendo em zonas costeiras, nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais, tendo como pano de fundo as atividades antropogênicas produtoras de risco para a saúde do ambiente marinho, aumento da vulnerabilidade do homem, da biodiversidade e da iniquidade socioambiental. Over the past decades, human activities have had a heavy impact on the marine environment, causing alterations in ecological processes. The relationship between the health of the oceans, human activities and public healthcare is already generally accepted, though the mechanisms involved are still under scientific scrutiny. These relationships include a focus on climate change, toxic algal blooms, microbial and chemical contamination in marine waters and bioinvasion by exotic species. Moreover, there is the beneficial effect of the oceans on human health and wellbeing, such as natural products for the human diet, the development of biomedicine, or simply the satisfaction derived from human recreation, sports and other interactions of humans with oceans. The importance of appreciating the link between public healthcare and the health of the oceans is especially important due to the growing number of people living in coastal areas, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. The backcloth to this is risk-related human activities that pose a danger to marine environmental health and the increase in the vulnerability of humans and biodiversity and socio-environmental iniquity.

Over the past decades, human activities have had a heavy impact on the marine environment, causing alterations in ecological processes. The relationship between the health of the oceans, human activities and public healthcare is already generally accepted, though the mechanisms involved are still under scientific scrutiny. These relationships include a focus on climate change, toxic algal blooms, microbial and chemical contamination in marine waters and bioinvasion by exotic species. Moreover, there is the beneficial effect of the oceans on human health and wellbeing, such as natural products for the human diet, the development of biomedicine, or simply the satisfaction derived from human recreation, sports and other interactions of humans with oceans. The importance of appreciating the link between public healthcare and the health of the oceans is especially important due to the growing number of people living in coastal areas, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. The backcloth to this is risk-related human activities that pose a danger to marine environmental health and the increase in the vulnerability of humans and biodiversity and socio-environmental iniquity.