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Zusammenfassung Der Begriff Hämoglobinopathien umfasst genetisch bedingte Krankheiten, die entweder durch die Präsenz von anomalen Hämoglobinen oder Thalassämien gekennzeichnet sind. Sie zählen zu den häufigsten Erbkrankheiten der Weltbevölkerung. Aufgrund der steigenden Migrationrate spielen Hämoglobinopathien und deren Diagnose bzw. Behandlung auch in Nord- und Mitteleuropa und ebenso in Deutschland eine wichtige Rolle. Mit 200 Mio. Betroffenen gehören die Thalassämiesyndrome, hierbei hauptsächlich α- und β-Thalassämie, weltweit zu den am häufigsten auftretenden monogenen Erkrankungen. Neben den Thalassämieerkrankungen bilden die anomalen Hämoglobine die zweite große Gruppe innerhalb der Hämoglobinopathien. In diese Gruppe fallen Hämoglobine wie HbS, HbC und HbE. In dieser Arbeit wird auf die wichtigsten Hämoglobinopathien, ihrem hämatologischen Erscheinungsbild und ihrer genetischen Ursache eingegangen. Dabei liegt der Fokus insbesondere auf der Stufendiagnostik, die bei der Abklärung solcher Erkrankungen eine entscheidende Rolle spielt.

Hemoglobinopathies belong to the most common monogenic hereditary diseases worldwide. A particularly high prevalence is seen in the Mediterranean countries, in parts of Asia, the Middle East and West Africa. Nevertheless, due to migration hemoglobinopathies play an increasingly important role in Germany as well. Basic testing consists of blood count and hemoglobin differentiation. In addition, an iron deficiency should be excluded if necessary. Molecular genetic testing is used for the verification of hematologic findings and serves in the assessment of risk for a severe form of a hemoglobinopathy in offspring. In order to ensure efficient diagnostics, family history and previous findings of the patient should be communicated to the laboratory. This is especially crucial in the case of prenatal diagnostics.

The new N,N,O heteroscorpionate ligand 3,3-bis(1-vinylimidazol-2-yl)propionic acid (Hbvip) (5) was synthesised in five steps starting from 1-vinylimidazole. This ligand is closely related to 3,3-bis(1-methylimidazol-2-yl)propionic acid (Hbmip), but contains two vinyl linker groups which can be used for radical-induced polymerisation reactions. The κ3-N,N,O coordination behaviour of 5 was proven by the synthesis of the tricarbonyl complexes [Re(bvip)(CO)3] (6), [Mn(bvip)(CO)3] (7) and [Cu(bvip)2] (8). To obtain good yields of 6, it was synthesised in water instead of THF. The ligand as well as all three complexes were characterised by X-ray crystallography. Copolymerisation of 5 with pure methyl methacrylate (MMA) or a combination of MMA and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) led to the solid phases P1 and P2. Polymer-bound rhenium and manganese tricarbonyl complexes could be obtained by the reaction of deprotonated P1 with [MBr(CO)5] (M = Re, Mn) and also by copolymerisation of 6 and 7 with MMA. In both cases, the facial tripodal binding behaviour was evidenced by IR spectra of the polymers. Furthermore, the content of metal incorporated in the polymers was determined by elemental analysis, AAS or ICP-OES measurements. Reaction of the deprotonated solid phase P1 with copper(II) chloride led to a blue solid-phase (P1-Cu). The UV–Vis absorption maximum of P1-Cu is found at 615 nm, which is almost identical to that found for 8. Thereby, it seems likely that P1 is flexible enough to form bisligand complexes with copper(II). This means that the copper centres act as a kind of crosslinking agents. In contrast, the heterogeneous reaction of P2 with copper(II) chloride yielded a lime green solid phase (P2-Cu). The bathochromic shift of the absorption maximum by 102 nm suggests one-sided bound copper centres.

The ligand bis(1-methylimidazol-2-yl)ketone (bik) (1) was applied in the synthesis of mononuclear manganese(II) complexes. The complexes [Mn(bik)2Cl2] (2), [Mn(bik)2(OH2)Br]Br × H2O (3b) and [Mn(bik)3](ClO4) (4) were characterised by X-ray crystallography, ESR and UV–Vis methods.