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To account for material slips at microscopic scale, we take deformation mappings as SBV functions $$\varphi $$ φ , which are orientation-preserving outside a jump set taken to be two-dimensional and rectifiable. For their distributional derivative $$F=D\varphi $$ F = D φ we examine the common multiplicative decomposition $$F=F^{e}F^{p}$$ F = F e F p into so-called elastic and plastic factors, the latter a measure. Then, we consider a polyconvex energy with respect to $$F^{e}$$ F e , augmented by the measure $$|\textrm{curl}\,F^{p}|$$ | curl F p | . For this type of energy we prove the existence of minimizers in the space of SBV maps. We avoid self-penetration of matter. Our analysis rests on a representation of the slip system in terms of currents (in the sense of geometric measure theory) with both $$\mathbb {Z}^{3}$$ Z 3 and $$\mathbb {R}^{3}$$ R 3 valued multiplicity. The two choices make sense at different spatial scales; they describe separate but not alternative modeling options. The first one is particularly significant for periodic crystalline materials at a lattice level. The latter covers a more general setting and requires to account for an energy extra term involving the slip boundary size. We include a generalized (and weak) tangency condition; the resulting setting embraces gliding and cross-slip mechanisms. The possible highly articulate structure of the jump set allows one to consider also the resulting setting even as an approximation of climbing mechanisms.

The relation between heat flux and temperature gradient has been considered as a constitutive structure or as a balance law in different approaches. Both views may allow a description of heat conduction characterized by finite speed propagation of temperature disturbances. Such a result, which overcomes Fourier’s drawback of infinite speed propagation, can be obtained also by considering insufficient the representation of a conductor, even when it is considered to be rigid, rather than the sole relation between heat flux and temperature gradient. We comment this last view and describe the intersection with previous proposals. Eventually, we show how under Fourier’s law we can have traveling-wave-type temperature propagation when thermal microstructures are accounted for.

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a composite disease characterized by derangement of the skin permeability barrier (SPB), altered immune defence, and dysbiosis. Little is known on the role played by the sebaceous gland (SG) activity in the SPB integrity and in the AD pathomechanisms. Objectives To investigate profiles of sebaceous and epidermal free fatty acids (FFAs), squalene, cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), and wax esters (WEs) in sebum and stratum corneum (SC) from seborrheic and non-seborrheic areas, in healthy subjects and patients with AD. To simultaneously acquire aminoacidome in SC. Methods In healthy controls and patients with AD, sebum and SC were sampled consecutively from facial areas (forehead, and cheeks). SC was sampled also from non sebaceous areas (arm) in healthy controls and from the non lesional and lesional areas on the arm in AD. Sampling was preceded by assessments of skin biophysics, i.e. TEWL and corneometry. Results Disruption of the SBP was associated with decreased levels of lipids of both sebaceous and epidermal type. Extent of lipid derangement in the SG and the SC was correlated with the AD severity. Relative composition of natural moisturizing factors was altered in the SC of patients with AD. Conclusions The SG activity is compromised in adult AD. Aminoacidome is deranged in the facial areas in AD. Lipid signatures in association with aminoacidome, and skin physical properties may serve the definition of phenotype clusters that associate with AD severity.

In the face of the socio-organizational resignification imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, our text, of scientific-academic character, reflects the challenges of the teaching and practice of research. Furthermore, it shows some exercises we understand as facilitators of the scientific work of investigation in the scope of academic methodology, inserted in the emergency remote learning modality for the undergraduate programs of Public Relations. Teniendo en cuenta que la pandemia del Covid-19 llevó a una resignificación socioorganizacional, en este texto, de carácter académico-científico, se reflexiona sobre los desafíos de la enseñanza y la práctica de investigación. Además, se presentan algunos ejercicios entendidos como facilitadores del trabajo científico de investigación en el ámbito de la metodología académica, en la modalidad de enseñanza remota de emergencia para los cursos de grado en Relaciones Públicas. Diante da ressignificação sócio-organizacional imposta pela pandemia da covid-19, nosso texto, com caráter acadêmico-científico, reflete os desafios do ensino e prática da pesquisa. Ademais, apresenta alguns exercícios entendidos por nós como facilitadores do labor científico da investigação no âmbito da metodologia acadêmica, inserida na modalidade de ensino remoto emergencial para os cursos de graduação em Relações Públicas.

We investigate the dynamics of bodies with vector-type microstructure. We consider linear constitutive relations and a nonlinear coupling between macroscopic and microscopic motions, determined by gyroscopic-type inertia. Based on an existence result obtained in the presence of viscous-type stress components, we determine the existence of a global attractor; its weak nature derives from the lack of uniqueness determined by the nonlinear coupling.

We analyze complex bodies with active microstructure described by a vector field with values $\nu \in \mathbb{R}^{3}$ ν ∈ R 3 , which complements the displacement $u\in \mathbb{R}^{3}$ u ∈ R 3 . We consider linear elastic constitutive structures for macroscopic and microstructural stresses, diffusion of microstructures, and a viscoelastic-substrate-type effect, which has a regularizing influence that we eliminate at a later stage of our analysis. For weak solutions of the balance equations, we prove decay inequalities in $W^{1,2}$ W 1 , 2 and also for the $p$ p -power of the norms of $u$ u and $\nu $ ν in $L^{p}$ L p spaces under slip-without-friction-type boundary conditions.

The chemical composition of Gallesia integrifolia fruits essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation using a modified Clevenger apparatus was investigated by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In addition, the cytotoxicity activity against human tumor cell lines MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), NCI-H460 (large cell lung carcinoma), HeLa (cervical carcinoma), and HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), and non-tumor PLP2 (porcine liver primary cells) as well as the anti-inflammatory action was proposal. The compounds were predominantly organosulfates (2,8-dithianonane, dimethyl trisulfide, and lenthionine). Anti-inflammatory activity that provides 50% inhibition of nitric oxide production (55 µg/mL) of essential oil of the fruits. It also presents cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 (GI50 = 66 µg/mL), NCI-H-460 (GI50 = 147 µg/mL), HeLa (GI50 = 182 µg/mL) and HepG2 (GI50 = 240 µg/mL). The essential oil is more active in tumor cells than in non-tumor cells and the GI50 values for essential oil reported in our work support future studies. The authors thank Universidade Paranaense, UniCesumar, Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2019) and to national funding by FCT, P.I., through the institutional scientific employment program-contract for R.C. Calhelhas contract, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brazil (CAPES) -finance code 001-, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), and Fundação Araucária for the financial support and the fellowship. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Background Silicon is an abundant element in the human body and plays an important role in the skin, taking part in the synthesis of collagen and glycosaminoglycans. The use of nanotechnology methods, which processes materials at an atomic and molecular scale, has allowed the development of nanosilicons. Aims The study evaluates the effectiveness of a food supplement and a topical solution containing nanosilicon in improving skin hydration and elasticity. Methods A total of 30 female subjects were randomized to receive the placebo (n = 15) and the active compound (n = 15). All enrolled subjects took the food supplement twice a day for 20 days and then once a day for the next 20 days, and they also had to apply the nanosilicon solution on the right forearm four times a day. Evaluation of several parameters was performed after 20 and 40 days through the use of non-invasive instrumental methods (Corneometer® CM 825, Cutometer® MPA 580, Visioscan® VC, Tewameter® TM 200). Results Both treatment groups showed a statistically significant improvement in barrier function and in skin hydration on the right forearm after 20 days; increase in skin elasticity was observed only in the group taking the active compound. Conclusions The study showed that the administration of a food supplement and a topical solution, both containing nanosilicon, improves hydration, elasticity, and skin barrier function.

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by pruritus, xerosis, and skin barrier dysfunction. Skin barrier alteration is associated with an increase in trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) and reduction in skin hydration. Dupilumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-13 modulating pro-inflammatory signal transduction, which has been approved for moderate to severe AD. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of Dupilumab on skin barrier functions, using non-invasive instruments and clinical evaluation. Materials and methods Thirty patients affected by moderate-severe AD, who had been administered dupilumab, were evaluated by clinical examination and through the instrumental measurements of TEWL and corneometry at the baseline (T0) and 8 weeks (T1) on lesional skin. The clinical evaluation was performed using the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) score. Moreover, a Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and 7-day numeric rating scale (NRS) questionnaires were administered to each patient. Results The instrumental parameters of skin barrier recovery confirmed the clinical improvement outcomes with a statistically significant reduction of TEWL at T1. Conclusion Our data confirm the clinical outcomes already reported in the literature and show that there was an inverse proportional correlation between TEWL levels and clinical severity after 8 weeks of treatment with dupilumab.

The seasonal factors have influence upon the secondary metabolism of plants in adaptive response to the environmental variation, leading to the biosynthesis of different compounds. Thus, the aim of the present paper was to characterize the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) from leaves of Garcinia gardneriana (Clusiaceae), in function of the seasonality, in the period throughout the year (from January to December of 2016). The EO was obtained from fresh leaves by hydrodistillation in a modified Clevenger apparatus and analyzed using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer. Thereafter, the chemical constituents of the EO were evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The EO yield varied differently throughout the year with the highest yield in January (0.38%) and the lowest one in August (0.19%). The EO composition was sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (84.78 - 99.07%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (0.45 - 13.80%). The major compounds found were α-cedrene, for the months of January to November, and α-trans-bergamotene for December. PCA and HCA analyses showed that the development stage of the plant may have altered the chemical composition of the EO, since in the flowering period the compounds α-trans-bergamotene and γ-muurolene were higher, which are responsible for attracting pollinators and for the plant’s defense. Moreover, in the fructification period, the production of compounds of the oxygenated sesquiterpenes class, namely (Z)-caryophyllene, spathulenol and caryophyllene oxide increased, what is probably related to the protection of the fruit. Thus, the EO of “bacupari” leaves had high chemical variability, which is likely related to the developmental cycle of the plant

This study evaluated the response of a nano-hydroxyapatite coating implant through gene expression analysis (runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (Alp), osteopontin (Opn), osteocalcin (Oc), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (Rank), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (Rank-L), and osteoprotegerin (Opg)). Three-dimensional evaluation (percent bone volume (BV/TV); percent intersection surface (BIC); bone surface/volume ratio (BS/BV); and total porosity (To.Po)) were also analyzed. Mini implants were surgically placed in tibias of both healthy and diabetic rats. The animals were euthanized at 7 and 30 days. Evaluating all factors the relative expression of Rank showed that NANO surface presented the best results at 7 days (diabetic rats). Furthermore the levels of Runx2, Alp, Oc, and Opn suggest an increase in osteoblasts proliferation, especially in early stages of osseointegration. %BIC in healthy and diabetic (7 days) depicted statistically significant differences for NANO group. BV/TV, BS/BV and To.Po demonstrated higher values for NANO group in all evaluated time point and irrespective of systemic condition, but BS/BV 30 days (healthy rat) and 7 and 30 days (diabetic rat). Microtomographic and gene expression analyses have shown the benefits of nano-hydroxyapatite coated implants in promoting new bone formation in diabetic rats.

Leishmaniasis is a severe disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. The disease affects millions of people. Treatment is limited to only a few drugs that cause severe side effects. The identification of new compounds to treat leishmaniasis remains a challenge. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition of Eugenia moraviana fruit extract (EmCE) and to investigate its effect on the promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis, the ultrastructural changes induced by it, its cytotoxicity, and antioxidant effect. Liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to identify EmCE components. Amastigote forms (IC50 0.6 µg mL−1) were more sensitive to EmCE treatment than promastigote forms (IC50 77.2 µg mL−1). The cytotoxicity concentration 50% was 187.8 µg mL−1 for J774.A1 macrophages and 190.0 µg mL−1 for murine macrophages, with selectivity index of 313 and 316.7, respectively. EmCE induced 14.7% hemolysis. Promastigotes exposed to EmCE experienced drastic ultrastructural changes, such as intense cytoplasm vacuolization and mitochondrial swelling. The antioxidant activity IC50 for DPPH was 0.78 µg mL−1, inhibition of lipid peroxidation was 56.4%, FRAP assays with 1.19 µM ferrous sulfate/mg sample, and total phenolic acid equivalent was 76.1 µg gallic acid/mg sample.EmCE was not cytotoxic, was highly selective for protozoans, and caused intracellular death of the parasite. The results indicated the potential value of EmCE in the treatment of leishmaniasis. These results are the first report of antileishmanial activity and chemical composition for E. moraviana fruits extract.

We propose a multi-scale view on the motion of grains inside a continuum body undergoing strain. We consider the whole compound as a mixture and attribute to every material point the statistical properties of a grain cluster in a control volume open to mass exchange with the surrounding medium. Description is entirely Eulerian and accounts for anisotropy in grain (particle) distribution within the continuum, and its effects on the global motion. Essentially, what we propose here is a framework useful for constructing specific models of body classes like suspensions with various nature, landslides, dune motion under wind action, some transient states during formation of particulate composites, general colloids. As regards foundational aspects of mixture theory—which we extend here—besides showing once again that two of the five Truesdell’s classical axioms emerge from a unique assumption, the so-called rule of total external power, we show also that another Truesdell’s axiom requires to be refined when we describe at least one component as a complex material. We also underline the role of twoReynolds tensors, one at macroscopic scale, associated with fluctuations of each single component, the other pertaining to grain fluctuations. Our main arguments rely on invariance requirements with respect to classes of changes in observers.

On the basis of a tensor representation of protein shape, obtained by an affine decomposition of residue velocity, we show how to identify actions at continuum scale for both single proteins and their complexes in terms of power equivalence. The approach constructs and justifies a continuum modeling of protein complexes, which avoids a direct, atomistic-based, simulation of the whole complex, rather it focuses (in a statistical sense) on a single protein and its interactions with the neighbors. In the resulting setting we also prove the existence of equilibrium configurations (native states) under large strains.

We present a case of erythema nodosum to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a 64 years old woman. The female patient complained of painful and erythematous skin lesions on both lower limbs 2 days after receiving the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (Figure 1). Physical examination revelead erythematous plaques on pretibial surfaces, painful on palplation and compatible with the diagnosis of erythema nodosum (EN). The patient had no comorbidities except for heterozygous factor V Leiden mutation.

Introduction Patients with cancer are presumed a frail group at high risk of contracting coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and vaccination represents a cornerstone in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic. However, data on COVID-19 vaccination in cancer patients are fragmentary and poor. Methods An observational study was conducted to evaluate the seropositivity rate and safety of a two-dose regimen of the BNT162b2 or messenger RNA-1273 vaccine in adult patients with solid cancer undergoing active anticancer treatment or whose treatment had been terminated within 6 months of the start of the study. The control group was composed of healthy volunteers. Serum samples were evaluated for SARS-COV-2 antibodies before vaccinations and 2–6 weeks after the administration of the second vaccine dose. Primary end-point: seropositivity rate. Secondary end-points: safety, factors influencing seroconversion, IgG titers of patients versus healthy volunteers, COVID-19 infection. Results Between 20th March 2021 and 12th June 2021, 293 consecutive patients with cancer-solid tumours underwent a program of COVID-19 vaccinations; of these, 2 patients refused vaccination, 13 patients did not receive the second dose of the vaccine because of cancer progression, and 21 patients had COVID-19 antibodies at baseline and were excluded. The 257 evaluable patients had a median age of 65 years (range 28–86), 66.15% with metastatic disease. Primary end-point: seropositivity rate in patients was 75.88% versus 100% in the control group. Secondary end-points: no Grade 3–4 side-effects, no COVID-19 infections were reported. Patients median IgG titer was significantly lower than in the control group; male sex and active anticancer therapy influenced negative seroconversion. BNT162b2 or messenger RNA-1273 vaccines were immunogenic in cancer patients, showing good safety profile.

Orientador: Aparecida Mari Iguti Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas Resumo: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo dos acidentes no processo de produção e transporte de produtos químicos, ocorridos no Estado de São Paulo, no período de 1990 a 2000. A amplitude dos acidentes químicos é demonstrada através da descrição de alguns acidentes de grande repercussão, situando o estudo no contexto nacional e internacional quanto aos seus impactos sobre a saúde humana, a análise de riscos, a prevenção e as ações mitigadoras. Ademais, são considerados na análise dos acidentes a fonte geradora, o local da ocorrência e o produto envolvido. Foram utilizados dados fornecidos pela Divisão de Operações de Emergência da Companhia Estadual de Tecnologia e Engenharia em Saneamento Básico-Cetesb. Foram analisados 1.685 registros de ocorrências, envolvendo produtos químicos no processo de produção e transporte. A análise dos dados constata que no processo de produção ocorreram 12,6% dos casos e que 87,4% ocorreram nas atividades de transporte, sendo que 69,7%, no transporte rodoviário. Os produtos mais freqüentemente envolvidos foram os líquidos inflamáveis (classe 3) com 40%, os corrosivos (classe 8) com 20% e os gases (classe 2) com 16,4% Abstract: A descriptive study was conducted to analyze accidents during the production and transportation of chemical substances that occurred in the State of São Paulo from 1990 to 2000. The chemical accidents magnitude is demonstrated in descriptions of few accidents of great repercussions to place the study in the national and international context regarding their impact on human health, risk analysis, prevention and mitigating actions. In addition, accident sources, the site of occurrence and the products involved are considered in the analysis of accidents. Data gathered in reports of a state owned company for technology on basic sanitation that is also responsible for emergency operations-Cetesb were used. Production process and transportation occurrences numbered 1685. Data analysis verifies that 12.6% of the cases occurred in the production process and 87.4% occurred during transportation, 69.7% of them occurring on highway transportation. The most frequently products were flammable liquids (class 3) with 40%, corrosives (class 8) with 20% and gases (class 2) with 16.4% Mestrado Saúde Coletiva Mestre em Saúde Coletiva