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Funding: Funding for this work was provided by a NERC GW4+ Doctoral Training Partnership studentship (NE/S007504/1) awarded to J.K., an Antarctic Bursary awarded to J.A.S, and NERC grants awarded to L.F.R. (NE/S001743/1; NE/R005117/1; NE/N003861/1). Cruise DY081 was funded by European Research Council starting grant ICY-LAB (Grant Agreement 678371). The concentration of dissolved barium in seawater ([Ba]SW) is influenced by both primary productivity and ocean circulation patterns. Reconstructing past subsurface [Ba]SW can therefore provide important information on processes which regulate global climate. Previous Ba/Ca measurements of scleractinian and bamboo deep-sea coral skeletons exhibit linear relationships with [Ba]SW, acting as archives for past Ba cycling. However, skeletal Ba/Ca ratios of the Stylasteridae – a group of widely distributed, azooxanthellate, hydrozoan coral – have not been previously studied. Here, we present Ba/Ca ratios of modern stylasterid (aragonitic, calcitic and mixed mineralogy) and azooxanthellate scleractinian skeletons, paired with published proximal hydrographic data. We find that [Ba]SW and sample mineralogy are the primary controls on stylasterid Ba/Ca, while seawater temperature exerts a weak secondary control. [Ba]SW also exerts a strong control on azooxanthellate scleractinian Ba/Ca. However, Ba-incorporation into scleractinian skeletons varies between locations and across depth gradients, and we find a more sensitive relationship between scleractinian Ba/Ca and [Ba]SW than previously reported. Paired Sr/Ca measurements suggest that this variability in scleractinian Ba/Ca may result from the influence of varying degrees of Rayleigh fractionation during calcification. We find that these processes exert a smaller influence on Ba-incorporation into stylasterid coral skeletons, a result consistent with other aspects of their skeletal geochemistry. Stylasterid Ba/Ca ratios are therefore a powerful, novel archive of past changes in [Ba]SW, particularly when measured in combination with temperature sensitive tracers such as Li/Mg or Sr/Ca. Indeed, with robust [Ba]SW and temperature proxies now established, stylasterids have the potential to be an important new archive for palaeoceanographic studies. Publisher PDF

Authors acknowledge the crew and researchers on board the research cruises JC142 (Tropic Seamount in 2016; project ‘MarineE-tech’; grants NE/M011186/1, awarded to B. Murton and NE/M011151/1, awarded to P. Lusty), JC094 (Equatorial Atlantic in 2013) and CE08-06 (Reykjanes Ridge in 2008) who obtained the samples for this study. We thank Christopher Coath, Carolyn Taylor and Yun-Ju Sun for their help with laboratory work. We thank the editors, Sophia Hines, and two other reviewers for their comments which considerably improved this manuscript. Funding was provided by NERC grants awarded to L.F.R. (NE/S001743/1 and NE/R005117/1) and by Schlumberger Foundation who provided the PhD scholarship “Faculty for the Future Fellowship”. M.V.K. acknowledges the support from the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP #2017/50229-5) and from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq #301436/2018-5). Scleractinian cold-water corals are found across the Northeast Atlantic, providing structure for important habitats that support high biodiversity. Climate-driven perturbations on parameters such as carbonate chemistry, oxygen, bottom currents, productivity and temperature have the potential to impact the abundance and diversity of these cold-water coral communities. One way to explore the linkage between corals and climate is to examine historic coral distributions during times of past climate change. Previous coral dating efforts in the Northeast Atlantic (n ∼ 700) have focused on reef-forming colonial coral communities from shelf and slope areas. However, there are far fewer data from open-ocean settings or from solitary coral species, thus precluding assessment of basin-wide controls on coral occurrence. Here, we contribute >600 new U-series ages for both solitary and colonial coral species from open-ocean sites including the Reykjanes Ridge and seamounts in the mid and low latitudes to map the changing distribution of Northeast Atlantic cold-water corals over the last 150,000 years. The temporal occurrences of solitary and colonial corals from our offshore sites are broadly similar to the distributions along the nearer-shore sites at the same latitudes. In the cold-temperate and high-latitude Northeast Atlantic, corals are most abundant during warm climate intervals, with the Reykjanes Ridge (60°N) representing the northernmost limit of corals in the Northeast Atlantic during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5, MIS 3 and Bølling-Allerød. This biogeographical distribution expanded northwards to the Norwegian margin at the onset of the Holocene when the ice sheets retreated and modern-like oceanographic conditions were established. We interpret the abundance of corals at these northerly sites to be linked with increased food supply and favourable hydrological conditions. By contrast, coral sites south of 45°N are characterised by glacial and deglacial occurrences, with a marked decline during the Holocene. This distribution is also linked to food supply, potentially driven by shifts in dust fertilization and upwelling, in addition to changes in dissolved oxygen concentration and temperature. Together, these findings emphasize the links between climate, oceanic processes, and cold-water coral distribution, pointing to low food supply and low oxygen concentration as limiting factors for cold-water coral populations. Both parameters are changing in the modern ocean, with implications for future coral communities. Publisher PDF

The Arctic region is noted to be sensitive in its response to anthropogenic warming. The Greenland Ice Sheet is experiencing accelerated mass loss via surface melting and ice discharge. This freshwater input is likely to influence global heat distribution via the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). To better understand past natural variations in this system, proxy reconstructions are required to give a longer-term perspective. Previous proxy studies have suggested that human-induced AMOC slowdown began as early as the nineteenth century. However, the lack of high temporal resolution data from the last millennium means that the role of meltwater discharge on the evolution of North Atlantic intermediate waters, especially during the Little Ice Age (LIA), remains unclear.Here, we present both weathering and temperature records from deep-sea scleractinian corals collected from Southwest Greenland (Nuuk Trough). We analysed 234U/238U, rare earth elements with yttrium (REEY) and trace elements (Li/Mg temperature proxy) along with precise U-Th dating of corals. Samples were from 750 m and 1200 m water depth with ages spanning the last 1000 years. The study site is influenced by surface meltwater from the West Greenland Ice Sheet. It is also at the convergence point of shallow cold Arctic-sourced water and deeper warm Atlantic-sourced water, providing an ideal location for tracing AMOC variations.Our coral data show West Greenland seawater δ234U has increased ~2‰ toward modern seawater value since the end of the LIA (1700 C.E.), suggesting an increase in subglacial physical weathering input. This is supported by our terrestrial discharge record from REEY data that indicates an increase in meltwater discharge since the end of the LIA. The temperature record shows a gradual cooling trend from 1600 to 1900 C.E. at 1200 m depth, followed by warming at 750m. We suggest that the temperature drop at intermediate depth is linked to a change in water mass structure, as the thermocline shallowed and colder, deeper waters expanded. Cooling at this depth is consistent with a weakened AMOC, with less penetration of warm Atlantic waters. Our findings highlight the complex interactions between glacial meltwater and intermediate water circulation in the last millennium.

Geochemical evidence suggests that Atlantic circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) was considerably different from modern and promoted carbon accumulation in the deep. During the last deglaciation, atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature rose significantly, while the radiocarbon (14C) content dropped. Marine records indicate that ocean circulation may have influenced these atmospheric parameters, for instance via outgassing of the carbon-rich and 14C-depleted glacial oceanic reservoir. Temperature is also suggested to impact ocean circulation through the redistribution of heat, particularly during climate swings of the last deglaciation. Despite the crucial role that intermediate waters play in linking the deep sea to the atmosphere they remain understudied. Here, we use precisely dated (U/Th) cold-water corals to reconstruct the seawater radiocarbon, temperature, and barium concentration ([Ba]sw) of the intermediate depths at Tropic Seamount (tropical Northeast Atlantic). We analysed 14C, Li/Mg and Ba/Ca ratios of corals distributed from 970 m to 1800 m and dating from 32.7 thousand years (ka) to 0.2 ka. Our results highlight the dynamic behaviour of the intermediate ocean and suggest climate driven variability with distinct features during Heinrich Event 3 (HS3, ~30 ka), Last Glacial Maximum (~22 to 18 ka) and the deglaciation (~18 to 11 ka). Overall, seawater radiocarbon values were higher and temperatures lower in the LGM compared to the deglaciation. We observe a rapid (~500 yr) decrease in intermediate water radiocarbon and temperature during the mid-LGM. This variation and an increase in [Ba]sw support a change on the water column configuration, and likely a shift on the boundary between intermediate and deep waters. During the deglaciation, we find larger radiocarbon and temperature changes, suggesting that a warmer and well-ventilated intermediate water was established in parallel with Southern Hemisphere warming, but prior to Northern hemisphere temperature spike at 14.5 ka. These findings reinforce the importance of the intermediate ocean as a vector of climate change and emphasize the advantage of multi-proxy approaches in cold-water corals to investigate environmental conditions.

The geochemistry of deep-sea coral (DSC) skeletons has been widely used to reconstruct past changes in ocean conditions [1]. Previous work has focused predominantly on anthozoan coral groups (e.g., Scleractinia), while hydrozoan corals – such as stylasterids - have received far less attention. However, it has recently been demonstrated that stylasterid skeletal geochemistry reliably records seawater conditions (e.g., temperature [2, 3]). The application of stylasterid geochemistry in palaeoceanographic contexts is now contingent on further developing tools for dating stylasterid skeletons over a range of timescales. Growth chronologies have been successfully constructed for modern stylasterids using radiocarbon methods [4], however, the application of U-series techniques to stylasterid corals is yet to be fully explored. Here, we present U/Ca ratios of modern stylasterid and scleractinian DSCs, in addition to U-series isotope data from sub-fossil stylasterid skeletons. Stylasterids build skeletons from aragonite, high-Mg calcite, or a mixture of both polymorphs, and we observe a mineralogical control on U-incorporation into stylasterid carbonate. However, both aragonitic and high-Mg calcitic stylasterids have significantly lower U/Ca than Scleractinia. This result likely stems from the differing calcification mechanisms of these two coral groups; an interpretation supported by other aspects of their skeletal geochemistry [2, 3].Low uranium concentrations complicate the application of traditional U-series dating techniques to stylasterids. We show that the low abundance of parent nuclei (238U) leads to small amounts of radiogenic 230Th production, resulting in significantly larger chronological uncertainties than those achievable for Scleractinia. Additionally, the highly porous structure of some stylasterid skeletons means they are particularly prone to diagenetic alteration and contamination. Despite this, stylasterids dated by U-series techniques may be informative where high precision is not required, while isochron methods can be applied to larger samples, reducing chronological uncertainties.Although stylasterids dated by U-series techniques may be useful in certain contexts, our data suggest that their palaeoceanographic utility lies elsewhere. Where possible, growth chronologies for individual stylasterids should be constructed using radiocarbon techniques (e.g. [4]) and/or radial growth-band counting. When combined with robust temperature proxies [2, 3], stylasterids dated in this manner may have special utility as high-resolution archives of recent (i.e. decadal to centennial [4]) changes in ocean conditions. 1) Robinson et al. [2014] Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 99, 184 - 1982) Stewart et al. [2020] EPSL. 545, 1164123) Samperiz et al. [2020] EPSL. 545, 1164074) King et al. [2018] Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology. 33, 1306–1321

Introduction: The process of transition from high school to college influences on proper nutrition, due to the environment in which they are inserted, causing beneficial foods not to be consumed due to time, increased responsibilities, absence of parents or guardians, making room for a high consumption of ultra-processed and, consequently, causing a decrease in the consumption of fruits, vegetables and greens. Objective: To evaluate the eating habits of college students entering the first three semesters of the nutrition course in a private institution of higher education, to determine the relationship between poor diet and socioeconomic factors, and to identify whether it is associated with the routine and the absence of parents. Methods: This research aims to carry out a quantitative, analytical, cross-sectional study with undergraduate students of the Nutrition course at a private institution of higher education. Eating practices were obtained through the scale developed and validated by Gabe and Jaime in 2019. Sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle habits and health conditions were evaluated. Data analysis will comprise by frequency distribution and bivariate analysis through the chi-square test. Results and conclusion: In view of the results presented it was possible to conclude that the number of female students is higher, in addition the aspects observed showed that the sociodemographic variables, living habits and health conditions of students had no influence on the dietary practices of the surveyed population, with the exception of health assessment and change of diet after entering college, which showed association with the classification of food adequacy. Introducción: El proceso de transición de la escuela secundaria a la universidad influye en una alimentación adecuada, debido al entorno en el que se insertan, provocando el no consumo de alimentos beneficiosos debido al tiempo, el aumento de las responsabilidades, la ausencia de los padres o tutores, dando cabida a un alto consumo de ultraprocesados y, en consecuencia, provocando una disminución en el consumo de frutas, verduras y hortalizas. Objetivo: Evaluar las prácticas alimentarias de los estudiantes universitarios que ingresan en los tres primeros semestres del curso de nutrición en una institución privada de enseñanza superior, determinando la relación entre la alimentación y los factores socioeconómicos, además de identificar si está asociada a la rutina y a la ausencia del país. Métodos: Esta investigación busca realizar un estudio cuantitativo, analítico y transversal con estudiantes de pregrado del curso de Nutrición en una institución privada de educación superior. Las prácticas alimentarias se obtuvieron a través de la escala desarrollada y validada por Gabe y Jaime en 2019. Se evaluaron las características sociodemográficas, los hábitos de vida y las condiciones de salud. El análisis de los datos comprenderá la distribución de frecuencias y el análisis bivariante mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado. Resultados y conclusión: A la vista de los resultados presentados se pudo concluir que el número de estudiantes mujeres es mayor, además los aspectos observados mostraron que las variables sociodemográficas, los hábitos de vida y las condiciones de salud de los estudiantes no tuvieron influencia en las prácticas alimentarias de la población encuestada, a excepción de la valoración de la salud y el cambio de alimentación tras el ingreso a la universidad, que mostraron asociación con la clasificación de la adecuación alimentaria. Introdução: O processo de transição do ensino médio para faculdade influencia em uma alimentação adequada, pelo ambiente em que estão inseridos, fazendo com que não seja consumido alimentos benéficos devido o tempo, aumento de responsabilidades, ausência de pais ou responsáveis, dando espaço para um alto consumo de ultraprocessados e, consequentemente, causando a diminuição do consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras. Objetivo: Avaliar as práticas alimentares de estudantes universitários ingressantes nos três primeiros semestres do curso de nutrição em uma instituição privada de ensino superior, determinado a relação entre a má alimentação e fatores socioeconômicos, além de identificar se está associada à rotina e ausência dos pais. Métodos: Esta pesquisa busca realizar um estudo quantitativo, analítico do tipo transversal com estudantes universitários do curso de Nutrição em uma instituição privada de ensino superior. As práticas alimentares foram obtidas através da escala desenvolvida e validada por Gabe e Jaime em 2019. Foram avaliadas as características sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida e condições de saúde. A análise dos dados compreenderá por distribuição de frequência e análise bivariada através do teste quiquadrado. Resultados e conclusão: Em vista dos resultados apresentados foi possível concluir que o número de estudantes do sexo feminino é maior, além disso os aspectos observados mostraram-se que as variáveis sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida e condições de saúde dos estudantes não tiveram influência nas práticas alimentares da população pesquisada, com exceção da avaliação da saúde e mudança da alimentação após entrar na faculdade, que se mostrou associação com a classificação da adequação alimentar.

Cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) toxicity causes physiological disorders and harms plants, interfering with the rehabilitation of areas affected by mining activities. This study evaluated how the exposure to Zn and/or Cd affects the growth of native andropogon grass (Andropogon gayanus Kunth) plants originally found in areas contaminated with Cd and/or Zn due to zinc mining activities. Plants were cultivated for 7 weeks in a nutrient solution treated with Zn (142.3–854.0 μM) or Cd (0.9–13.3 μM) separately or combined with a molar ratio of 64:1 (Zn:Cd). A control treatment was grown in a complete Hoagland and Arnon solution (without Cd). Plant height, stem diameter, internode length, dry weight, Cd and Zn concentration, and accumulation in shoots/roots, as well as ultrastructure of roots and leaves were analyzed at the end of the experiment. The root dry weight was not significantly affected by the addition of the metals. Moreover, Zn provided higher shoot dry weight (up to 160%) relative to control. Andropogon grass tolerated both metals better separately than when applied together. Transmission electron microscopy analyses showed modifications such as vesiculation and vacuolation in the ultrastructure of andropogon tissues by Cd and/or Zn. The andropogon grass was tolerant to the doses tested, evidencing that it has potential for recovering areas contaminated with Zn and/or Cd.

The Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) was established by the Conference of Parties in 2002 to decrease the loss of plant diversity, reduce poverty and contribute to sustainable development. To achieve this overarching goal, the GSPC has established a series of targets, one of which is to ensure that plant diversity is well understood, so that it can be effectively conserved and used in a sustainable manner. Brazil hosts more than 46,000 species of plants, algae and fungi, representing one of the most biodiverse countries on Earth, and playing a key role in the GSPC. To meet the GSPC goals of Target 1 and facilitate access to plant diversity, Brazil committed to preparing the List of Species of the Brazilian Flora (2008-2015) and the Brazilian Flora 2020 (2016-present). Managing all the information associated with such great biodiversity has proven to be an extremely challenging task. Here, we synthesize the history of these projects, focusing on the multidisciplinary and collaborative approach adopted to develop and manage the inclusion of all the knowledge generated though digital information systems. We further describe the methods used, challenges faced, and strategies adopted, as well as summarize advances to date and prospects for completing the Brazilian flora in 2020.

Introdução: O processo de transição do ensino médio para faculdade influencia em uma alimentação adequada, pelo ambiente em que estão inseridos, fazendo com que não seja consumido alimentos benéficos devido o tempo, aumento de responsabilidades, ausência de pais ou responsáveis, dando espaço para um alto consumo de ultraprocessados e, consequentemente, causando a diminuição do consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras. Objetivo: Avaliar as práticas alimentares de estudantes universitários ingressantes nos três primeiros semestres do curso de nutrição em uma instituição privada de ensino superior, determinado a relação entre a má alimentação e fatores socioeconômicos, além de identificar se está associada à rotina e ausência dos pais. Métodos: Esta pesquisa busca realizar um estudo quantitativo, analítico do tipo transversal com estudantes universitários do curso de Nutrição em uma instituição privada de ensino superior. As práticas alimentares foram obtidas através da escala desenvolvida e validada por Gabe e Jaime em 2019. Foram avaliadas as características sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida e condições de saúde. A análise dos dados compreenderá por distribuição de frequência e análise bivariada através do teste quiquadrado. Resultados e conclusão: Em vista dos resultados apresentados foi possível concluir que o número de estudantes do sexo feminino é maior, além disso os aspectos observados mostraram-se que as variáveis sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida e condições de saúde dos estudantes não tiveram influência nas práticas alimentares da população pesquisada, com exceção da avaliação da saúde e mudança da alimentação após entrar na faculdade, que se mostrou associação com a classificação da adequação alimentar.

The effect of lime and Portland cement associated to sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) on the mechanical and thermal behavior of compressed earth blocks was analyzed. Mini panels were molded and their mechanical and thermal properties were determined in laboratory. For such, sandy and clayey soils were added with Portland cement and lime at 6% and 10% contents, and sodium silicate at dosage of 4%. The compressed earth blocks were cured in a humidity chamber for seven, 28, 56 and 91 days. At the ages of 28, 56 and 91 days the specimens were submitted to the compressive test and water absorption tests at seven days. The thermal conductivity was obtained by the guarded hot plate method and the specific heat value by the calorimeter method. Afterwards, the main thermophysical properties were calculated and analyzed by means of walls thermal behaviors. The best compressive strength and water absorption capacity results were reached by the sandy soil with addition of Portland cement or lime at 10% content, both added of sodium silicate. Regarding to the thermal behavior, the results pointed out that the stabilized compressed earth blocks reached the best thermal behavior when compared to the conventional ones under the same use conditions. Keywords: Stabilized earth, Soil-cement, Mechanical properties, Thermophysical properties.

Esse projeto teve como objetivo sensibilizar os moradores do Bairro Jardim Oásis, da Cidade de Cajazeiras - PB a colaborar com a implantação do sistema de coleta seletiva, melhorando o aspecto visual da comunidade, minimizando os problemas gerados pelo descarte inadequado dos resíduos sólidos, além de contribuir para melhoria da renda dos catadores. O trabalho iniciou-se com o mapeamento da área de abrangência, visitas as instituições de ensino e igrejas para apresentação do projeto, além de sensibilização em pontos estratégicos do bairro, utilizando as seguintes atividades: teatro de fantoche, cine debate, oficinas e rodas de conversas, todas as atividades realizadas contaram com encontros periódicos, registros fotográficos e elaboração de relatórios mensais. Com a intenção de consolidar a implantação da coleta seletiva, no final das atividades foi firmada uma parceria denominada “Acordo Limpo” em cada instituição trabalhada, criada pelo município, que interliga o gerador de resíduo aos catadores de materiais recicláveis.

Planted forests occupy more than 6.5 million ha in Brazil, where harvest and logging operations are performed with increasingly heavier machinery, increasing the risk of soil compaction. Soil compaction can be avoided if soil load bearing capacity is not exceeded, what makes it important to assess both the soil strength and the impact of different operations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the load bearing capacity of some coarse textured soils (two Hapludult and one Haplorthod) in two soil horizons (BA and B), from northeastern Brazil; and to assess the impact of harvest and logging operations performed with harvester and forwarder. Although the Haplorthod presented higher load bearing capacity in both the BA horizon (for the whole moisture range) and the B horizon (for higher water contents), it suffered the greatest soil compaction. Traffic with the harvester resulted in soil compaction in both the BA and the B horizons, but the increase in bulk density was higher on the later, reaching 18.7% in the Haplorthod. The forwarder traffic intensity and the presence of plant residue cover significantly affected the occurrence of soil compaction. In the BA horizon, the increase in soil bulk density for different forwarder traffic intensities was 3 passes ~ 6 passes < 12 passes ~ 16 passes. The increase in bulk density was higher in the Haplorthod, reaching 32% after 16 forwarder passes over bare soil. Significant linear regressions were obtained from the number of forwarder passes and the increase in bulk density. RESUMO As florestas plantadas ocupam mais de 6,5 milhões de ha no Brasil, nas quais as operações de colheita e baldeio são realizadas com maquinário cada vez mais robusto, o que aumenta o risco de compactação do solo. A compactação do solo pode ser evitada se a sua capacidade de suporte de carga não for excedida, o que torna importante a avaliação tanto da resistência mecânica do solo quanto o impacto de diferentes operações. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade de suporte de carga de solos de textura grosseira (dois Hapludult e um Haplorthod) em dois horizontes (BA e B) do Nordeste do Brasil; além de avaliar o impacto das operações de colheita e baldeio de madeira realizadas com harvester e forwarder. Apesar de o Haplorthod ter apresentado a maior capacidade de suporte de carga no horizonte BA (para toda a faixa de umidade) e no horizonte B (para maiores umidades) ele foi a classe de solo que apresentou maior compactação. O tráfego com o harvester resultou em compactação tanto no horizonte BA quanto no B, mas o aumento da densidade do solo foi maior no último, chegando a 18,7% no Haplorthod. A intensidade de tráfego do forwarder e a presença de resíduos de plantas na superfície do solo afetaram significativamente a ocorrência de compactação do solo. No horizonte BA, o aumento da densidade do solo em decorrência da intensidade de tráfego do forwarder foi de 3 passadas ~ 6 passadas < 12 passadas ~ 16 passadas. O aumento de densidade do solo foi maior no Haplorthod, atingindo 32% após 16 passadas sobre o solo descoberto. Regressões lineares significativas foram obtidas a partir do número de passadas do forwarder e o aumento na densidade do solo.

É apresentado o levantamento de Mayacaceae para o Estado da Bahia. São ervas aquáticas e/ou anfíbias cuja distribuição é essencialmente Neotropical (exceto por uma espécie africana). São reconhecidos um gênero e cinco espécies para a família, quatro ocorrendo na Bahia. É apresentada uma chave de identificação para as espécies, além de descrições, ilustrações, fotos, mapas de distribuição geográfica e comentários.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the occurrence of epileptic seizures (ES) in children and adolescents with hydrocephalus and their relationship with ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) treatment. METHODS: Retrospective study of 45 patients from both genders, aged 0 to 18 years, with hydrocephalus and presenting with ES or not. The following variables were analyzed: gender, hydrocephalus etiology, age at diagnosis, age at initial VPS treatment, age at first ES and types of ES. RESULTS: Data analysis showed the following: 20 (44.4%) presented with ES, 13 (65%) of the girls and seven (35%) of the boys. There was a predominance of ES in the girls, but with no statistically significant difference. In total, 13 (65%) patients used VPS. Of the 13 patients with VPS and ES, it was observed that the onset of ES was after VPS in 10 (76.9%) individuals, whereas it occurred before VPS in two (15.4%). CONCLUSIONS: The results showed no association between VPS treatment and ES (ρ=0.832); however, most of the patients presented with their first ES episode after VPS, suggesting a possible relationship between this treatment and the occurrence of ES. A larger sample and a prospective study might answer this question. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a ocorrência de crises epilépticas (CE) em crianças e adolescentes com hidrocefalia e sua relação com o tratamento por derivação ventriculoperitoneal (DVP). MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de 45 crianças e adolescentes de ambos gêneros, faixa etária de 0 a 8 anos, com hidrocefalia, apresentando ou não CE. Analisaram-se as variáveis: gênero, etiologia da hidrocefalia, idade do diagnóstico de hidrocefalia, idade de colocação do shunt, tipos de CE e idade da primeira crise. RESULTADOS: A análise estatística mostrou: 20 pacientes (44,4%) apresentaram CE, sendo 13 do gênero feminino (65%) e sete do masculino (35%). Houve predomínio de CE no gênero feminino sem diferença estatística significante. Estavam em uso de DVP 13 pacientes (65%), sendo que em 10 (76,9%), o início das crises foi depois da colocação do shunt, enquanto dois (15,4%) já apresentavam CE antes da DVP. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados não mostraram associação entre o tratamento com DVP e CE (ρ=0,832), entretanto a maior parte dos pacientes apresentou o primeiro episódio de CE depois da colocação do shunt, sugerindo uma relação entre o tratamento com DVP e a ocorrência de crises.

Highlights • Six combined 231Pa/230Th and eNdeNd down-core profiles back to 25 ka are presented. • Increased influence of SCW and northward advection of deep waters during LGM/HS1. • Evidence for an active but shallower northern overturning cell during LGM/HS1. Abstract Reconstructing past modes of ocean circulation is an essential task in paleoclimatology and paleoceanography. To this end, we combine two sedimentary proxies, Nd isotopes (eNdeNd) and the 231Pa/230Th ratio, both of which are not directly involved in the global carbon cycle, but allow the reconstruction of water mass provenance and provide information about the past strength of overturning circulation, respectively. In this study, combined 231Pa/230Th and eNdeNd down-core profiles from six Atlantic Ocean sediment cores are presented. The data set is complemented by the two available combined data sets from the literature. From this we derive a comprehensive picture of spatial and temporal patterns and the dynamic changes of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation over the past ∼25 ka. Our results provide evidence for a consistent pattern of glacial/stadial advances of Southern Sourced Water along with a northward circulation mode for all cores in the deeper (>3000 m) Atlantic. Results from shallower core sites support an active overturning cell of shoaled Northern Sourced Water during the LGM and the subsequent deglaciation. Furthermore, we report evidence for a short-lived period of intensified AMOC in the early Holocene.

O oceano Atlântico possui importância relacionada as recentes alterações oceanográficas reportadas frente às mudanças climáticas atuais, tanto a respeito da sua composição quanto da estratificação das massas de água. O estudo das massas de águas profundas tem profunda implicação para compreensão da Célula Meridional de Circulação Global e do Atlântico (AMOC, sigla do inglês Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation) e pela renovação das camadas abissais do oceano através do transporte de calor, sais, gases e nutrientes. A distribuição e quantificação das águas precursoras da Água Profunda do Atlântico Norte (NADW, sigla do inglês North Atlantic Deep Water) e Água de Fundo Antártica (AABW, sigla do inglês Antarctic Bottom Water) foram determinadas através do uso do banco de dados climatológicos observacionais World Ocean Database (WOD13), que possui uma resolução temporal de 40 anos (1973-2014). As águas fontes da AABW mostraram contribuir até 2000 m na bacia Subpolar do Atlântico Norte, maiores contribuições na bacia sudoeste e importante recirculação na região equatorial. As águas fontes da NADW mostraram contribuições até a bacia Subpolar do Atlântico Sul e foram identificadas aquelas que mais influenciam na ressurgência no oceano Austral e na exportação para outras bacias oceânicas. Trazendo avanços para a compreensão do funcionamento da AMOC em relação a misturas diapicnais. A variabilidade interanual das massas de água precursoras da NADW e AABW foi investigada através das seções do World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE, A05—25ºN, A10—30ºS, A16—seção meridional Norte-Sul) que mostraram maiores alterações nas águas formada nos mares Nórdicos (águas fonte da NADW), local onde grandes oscilações atmosféricas e interações entre criosfera e oceano são destacadas pela comunidade científica. Esses dados corroboram na identificação de alta sensibilidade na região entre Atlântico Norte e Atlântico Norte subpolar. As maiores concentrações de Água Profunda do Mar de Weddell (WSDW, sigla do inglês Weddell Sea Deep Water) na bacia Sudoeste também marcam local de interesse no estudo da exportação de alterações nessa massa de água.

Nas últimas décadas os materiais poliméricos anfifílicos têm gerado interesse na comunidade científica devido à sua capacidade de formação de partículas micelares em meio aquoso, podendo ser usados nas mais diversas áreas como na de biomateriais, na estabilização de emulsões farmacêuticas, incorporação de substâncias tóxicas ou poluidoras, carreamento e liberação controlada de fármacos e diversas outras aplicações. Vários tipos de polímeros podem ser empregados, estando entre eles os derivados de metacrilato de 2-dimetilaminoetila (DMAEMA) que apresenta propriedades como resposta à temperatura e ao pH. Copolímeros de PDMAEMA com monômeros apolares como o acrilato de n-butila (nBA) formam materiais anfifílicos que tendem a agregar-se em solução aquosa, formando partículas capazes de incorporar substâncias relativamente hidrofóbicas (contaminantes, por exemplo), íons, entre outras propriedades de interesse. Neste trabalho foram sintetizados copolímeros em bloco baseados em DMAEMA e nBA, com diferentes massas molares médias e proporções entre os blocos para o estudo sistemático da influência da estrutura molecular em propriedades como o tamanho e forma dos agregados em solução, resposta à temperatura e pH, entre outras. Para a síntese dos polímeros foi utilizada a técnica RAFT (sigla inglesa para Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer) que permite o controle da massa molar do polímero e facilita a construção de copolímeros em bloco. Os polímeros sintetizados foram caracterizados por diferentes técnicas tais como a Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de Próton (RMN 1H); Cromatografia de Permeação em Gel (GPC); Espectroscopia na Região do Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier e Refletância Total Atenuada (FTIR-ATR) e Espectroscopia UV/VIS. Os agregados formados em solução aquosa tiveram seu tamanho determinado por Espalhamento de Luz Dinâmico (DLS). Os materiais foram sintetizados para formar agregados em soluções aquosas. Mesmo o homopolímero de PDMAEMA, em todas as condições estudadas, embora os agregados dos copolímeros apresentaram tamanhos maiores. Não foi possível chegar a qualquer relação com o tamanho e pH ou mesmo conteúdo de PnBA, no copolímero dibloco. No entanto, em quase todas as condições estudadas, os agregados tem uma correlação direta com sua concentração, fazendo desses sistemas muito diferentes de micelas regulares na mesma gama de condições. Esse esforço se enquadra no objetivo mais amplo de criar relações confiáveis entre a estrutura de polímeros e suas propriedades, no intuito de aumentar a eficiência do processo de síntese de materiais para aplicações específicas. In recent decades amphiphilic polymer materials have generated interest in the scientific community due to its ability to form micellar particles in medium aqueous condition and it can be used in several areas such as in biomaterials, in stabilizing pharmaceutical emulsions, incorporation of toxic or polluting , entrainment and controlled release of drugs and various other applications. Various types of polymers can be appointed, among them being those derived from 2-dimetylamynoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) having properties in response to temperature and pH. Copolymers of PDMAEMA with non-polar monomers such as acrylate of n-butyl (nBA) form amphiphilic materials which tend to aggregate in aqueous solution, forming particles able to incorporate relatively hydrophobic substances (contaminants, for example), ion and other properties of interest. In this work copolymers were synthesized in blocks based on DMAEMA and nBA with different molecular weight average and ratios between the blocks for the study of systematic influence of the molecular structure on properties such as size and shape of the aggregates in solution, the response to temperature and pH, among others. For the synthesis of polymers were used the RAFT technique (English acronym for Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer) that allows control of the weight in the molecular of the polymer and facilitates the construction of copolymers in block. The synthesized polymers were characterized by different techniques such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Proton (1H NMR); Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC); spectroscopy in the region of the infrared with Fourier Transform Attenuated and Total Reflectance and (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy and UV/VIS. The aggregates formed in an aqueous solution had its size determined by the Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The materials were synthesized to form aggregates in aqueous solutions. Even homopolymer of PDMAEMA , in all conditions studied, although the aggregate of the copolymers showed greater size. It was not possible to reach any relation to the size and pH or even content PNBA in the diblock copolymer. However, in almost all conditions studied, the aggregate has a direct correlation with its concentration, making these systems very different from regular micelles in the same range of conditions. This effort fits into a wide objective to create trusting relationships between polymer structure and their properties in order to increase the efficiency of the process in synthesis of materials for specific applications. Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

A participação dos pais no nascimento, presente na humanização da assistência ao parto, afina-se com o crescente envolvimento dos homens nos cuidados com as crianças. Possibilita o suporte psicossocial à gestante, o compartilhamento da experiência pelo casal e a formação de vínculo pai-bebê. Procurando conhecer o impacto desta experiência entre os pais numa maternidade pública no Rio de Janeiro, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa etnográfica, em duas etapas: observação-participante do trabalho de parto e do parto, e onze entrevistas com pais participantes do parto. A participação dos pais se mostrou atravessada por: dificuldades institucionais; motivações das mães e dos pais; representações sociais sobre parto e paternidade; e exclusão dos pais nos serviços de saúde reprodutiva e pediátrica. A presença dos pais não foi valorizada pela equipe nem como suporte à gestante nem como evento da paternidade. O estudo indica: a necessidade de incentivo à participação dos pais no pré-natal, parto, pós-parto e nas consultas pediátricas; a preparação das equipes para trabalho com as famílias; a ampliação da discussão social sobre paternidade e a formulação de políticas trabalhistas que garantam a presença dos pais nos serviços de saúde. Participation by fathers in the process of childbirth, an aspect of the humanization of obstetric care, helps foster the fathers' involvement in raising their children. This participation provides psychosocial support for pregnant women during labor and delivery, sharing of the experience by the couple, and father-child bonding. The focus of this ethnographic research was the impact of this process on fathers participating in childbirth at a State hospital in Rio de Janeiro, with two stages: participant observation of labor and delivery and eleven interviews with fathers who had been present at delivery. Fathers' participation was influenced by: the motivation of mothers and fathers; social representations of delivery and fatherhood; and exclusion of fathers from reproductive health and pediatrics services. The father's participation was not valued by the attending staff as either a source of emotional support for the mother or as part of fatherhood. The following are necessary: inclusion of fathers in prenatal care, delivery, and pediatrics services; the training of staff to work with the families; social discussion of fatherhood and health services policies to ensure the presence of fathers during labor and childbirth.

Selon l'auteur, on doit susciter chez les lusophones la "r•rmscience de la lusophonie ", sans laquelle l'univers constitué par les r 111/ltnunautés de langue portugaise, que des affinités historiques et 1'/lltt{relles unissent, ne réussira pas son intégration. Celle-ci d'ailleurs ne 1 .faa que si l'on préserve la diversité qui caractérise cet univers. Dans la r'l ttion de cette conscience, un rôle fondamental est attribué, et à la mise 11 valeur de la langue portugaise en tant que langue de culture, et à / ' IM' ?ignement (donc, à l'établissement d'une politique interne de la Zangue dt l/1.1' chaque pays lusophone), ainsi qu 'au dépassement de la marginalité 1111'/0· ulturelle à laquelle des millions de lusophones sont condamnés. I 'lm gration de la lusophonie dépend aussi d'une politique de la Zangue •1111 soit commune à tous le pays lusophones. Pour ce faire, il serait 11 111hnitable de créer un organisme supranational qui, comme c'est le cas flll ltl' l' espagnol, puisse réduire les risques du fractionnement linguistique. l 'lllttlement, l'auteur traite la question des rapports entre le Brésil, le 1111/tltRal et les nouveaux pays africains qui, en adoptant la Zangue 1'111/llfl aise, ont enrichi le panorama de la lusophonie, grâce à 1'11111' cluction dans ce panorama de cinq nouvelles variantes linguistiques, ,/, tnq nouvelles littératures nationales et, également, de cinq nouvelles , tll((i~ Ltrations culturelles

Precompression stress is an important property for assessment of tropical soil structure sustainability and is often determined in laboratory tests. The objective of this study was to compare the load bearing capacity models obtained with controlled moisture in laboratory and those obtained with natural field moistures determined a long one year. The evaluation of soil structural sustainability follows four distinct steps: soil sampling in the field, uniaxial compression test of the samples in the laboratory, determination of precompression stress and estimation of the load bearing capacity models. Laboratory estimates of precompression stress were obtained from moisture controlled in laboratory and from natural moisture determined in a field a long one year. In this process, the soil samples were saturated by capillarity with distilled water in laboratory, and after 48 hours, the samples were air dried to obtain the different moisture contents. Then, the precompression stress was determined for this both conditions. To verify if the load bearing capacity models obtained with controlled moisture in laboratory may represent the load bearing models obtained with natural field moisture, these models were compared using the homogeneity test procedure. It was observed that 75% of field models analyzed were similar to the laboratory models. Thus, due to the similarity on the load-bearing capacity models obtained using natural (field) or controlled (laboratory) moisture contents, the assessment of the soil structure sustainability can be done using both methods. Pressão de pré-consolidação é uma importante propriedade na avaliação da sustentabilidade estrutural do solo e é determinada em testes de laboratório. Neste estudo, objetivou-se comparar modelos de capacidade de suporte de carga obtidos com umidade controlada em laboratório e com umidade natural de campo ao longo de um ano. A avaliação da sustentabilidade estrutural do solo ocorreu em quatro etapas: coleta de amostras de solo indeformado, ensaio de compressão uniaxial das amostras em laboratório, estimativa da pressão de pré-consolidação e obtenção dos modelos de capacidade de suporte de carga. As estimativas da pressão de pré-consolidação de laboratório e de campo foram obtidas com umidades controladas em laboratório e com umidade de campo, respectivamente, ao longo de um ano. No laboratório, a saturaçaõ das amostras se deu por capilaridade, com água destilada e depois de 48 horas, essas amostras foram secas ao ar para obter diferentes valores de umidade. Em seguida, realizou-se o ensaio de compressão uniaxial dessas amostras e a pressão de pré-consolidação foi determinada para as duas condições aqui proposta. Para verificar se os modelos de capacidade de suporte de carga com umidade controlada em laboratório podem representar os modelos de capacidade de suporte de carga de umidade natural, esses modelos foram comparados utilizando o teste de homogeneidade de dados. Observou-se semelhança em 75% dos modelos de umidade de campo com modelos de umidade controlada em laboratório. Portanto, em razão da similaridade, a análise da sustentabilidade estrutural do solo pode ser feita por ambos os modelos de capacidade de suporte carga, ou seja, modelos obtidos com amostras de solo com umidade natural (campo) ou com umidade controlada (laboratório).

Le problème de la lusophonie - y compris celui de l’intégration du mondelusophone - est à présent la problématique fondamentale de la lusitanité, conceptqui, du fait de l’expansion portugaise à la Renaissance, ne fait plus désormais référenceau seul Portugal, mais désigne au contraire tous les noyaux qui ont émergé dans lemonde non européen à la suite du choc luso-colonial. En cette époque demondialisation uniformisatrice, un rapprochement donnerait l’occasion à ces noyaux- du fait de leurs affinités -, notamment à ceux ayant une base nationale - de pouvoirévoluer dans ce nouveau contexte sans perdre pour autant leur identité. Pour cefaire, néanmoins, les initiatives oficielles - naissantes - sont insuffisantes, car fauted’asseoir une réelle conscience lusophone qui passe par la valorisation de la langueportugaise - trait commun, dans la diversité de ses variantes, à ces noyaux, auxcultures soeurs mais plurielles - aucune intégration ne sera réellement possible.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:26:16Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:42:00Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84857832730.pdf: 5277872 bytes, checksum: 5ea086ad70befb207135c35dc9973f87 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:26:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-12-01 Um conjunto de 12 amostras de rochas ácidas dos tipos Palmas (ATP) e Chapecó (ATC) foi empregado para a determinação da composição química de plagioclásio e piroxênio por meio de microssonda eletrônica, com a finalidade de se obter informações geotermobarométricas, bem como a concentração de água no líquido magmático em equilíbrio com o plagioclásio. Os resultados obtidos mostram que os piroxênios das rochas do tipo ATP (3,2 ± 1,2 kbar; máx = 5,1 kbar e 1028 ± 38oC) se formaram em condições de pressão e temperatura maiores do que aquelas do tipo ATC (1,8 ± 0,9 kbar; máx = 3,4 kbar e 995 ± 26ºC). Porém, os dados de pressão do plagioclásio é maior para as rochas do tipo ATC (3,2 ± 1 kbar; máx = 6,4 kbar e 1033 ± 12oC) do que para as do tipo ATP (1,9 ± 1 kbar; máx = 4,8 kbar e 1043 ± 5o C), sugerindo que a cristalização das rochas do tipo ATP teve seu início com a formação do piroxênio e plagioclásio quase que simultaneamente, a uma profundidade da ordem de 17 km enquanto que para as do tipo ATC, a cristalização teve início com a formação do plagioclásio a uma profundidade cerca de 21 km (admitindo-se um gradiente de 3,3 km/kbar). A geotermometria do plagioclásio fornece uma concentração de 1 ± 0,3% de H2O para as rochas ácidas estudadas, e que sua exsolução do líquido silicático teve início a uma profundidade próxima de 30 m abaixo da superfície, o que torna difícil explicar a origem dessas rochas por fluxos piroclásticos, mas também, por meio de fluxos de lava. Embora os dados ainda sejam preliminares e insuficientes para a modelagem da extrusão dessas rochas, eles apontam para um mecanismo de efusão de um magma parcialmente fluidizado por voláteis, que se espalharia por grandes áreas, com pouco atrito com a superfície plana do terreno, que iria aumentado com o incremento da viscosidade causado pela perda de voláteis e diminuição da temperatura, desenvolvendo estruturas de lavas coerentes ao fluxo magmático. A set of 12 samples of acid rock types Palmas (ATP) and Chapecó (ATC) was used to determine the chemical composition of plagioclase and pyroxene by electron microprobe, with the purpose to get information about the pressure and temperature of crystallization of these rocks. The results show that the pyroxene of ATP rocks (3,2 ± 1,2 kbar, max = 5,1 kbar and 1028 ± 38°C) were formed under pressure conditions higher than those ATC (1,8 ± 0,9 kbar, max = 3,4 kbar and 995 ± 26oC). However, the pressures obtained from plagioclase showed higher pressures for ATC (3.2 ± 1 kbar, max = 6,4 kbar and 1033 ± 12°C) than ATP (1,9 ± 1 kbar, max = 4,8 kbar and 1043 ± 5°C), suggesting that the crystallization of rocktype ATP began with the formation of pyroxene and plagioclase almost simultaneously at a depth of around 17 km while the ATC, began with the crystallization of plagioclase at a depth of about 21 km (assuming a gradient of 3,3 kbar/km). The geothermometry of plagioclase allow us to calculate the concentration of water from about 1 ± 0,3% H2O for both acid rock types. Additional calculations allow us to get the depth of water exsolution of magmatic liquid at 30m below the surface. Although the data are still preliminary and insufficient to model the extrusion of these rocks, they point out to an effusion mechanism of a partially fluidized magma by volatile, which would spread to large areas with small friction with the surface that would increased with the increase of viscosity caused by the loss of volatile and decreasing of temperature, developing coherent structures as lava flows. Departamento de Petrologia e Metalogenia Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas Universidade Estadual Paulista / UNESP, Avenida 24-A, 1515 - Bela Vista, CEP 13506-900. Rio Claro, SP Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas Universidade Estadual Paulista / UNESP, Avenida 24-A, 1515 - Bela Vista, CEP 13506-900. Rio Claro, SP Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Antônio Doll de Moraes, 105, CEP 09920-540. Diadema, SP Departamento de Petrologia e Metalogenia Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas Universidade Estadual Paulista / UNESP, Avenida 24-A, 1515 - Bela Vista, CEP 13506-900. Rio Claro, SP Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas Universidade Estadual Paulista / UNESP, Avenida 24-A, 1515 - Bela Vista, CEP 13506-900. Rio Claro, SP

To analyze the impact of a participatory sexual health promotion program implemented in a poor community and describe how the use of public and private spaces for sex is a factor that exacerbates vulnerability to HIV/Aids.This ethnographic study was conducted in a Rio de Janeiro shantytown in 2002. Six thousand people live in precarious living conditions in which the lack of public policies, health posts, recreational activities, employment opportunities, and security consolidates power in criminal groups. Issues related to sexual health were addressed in addition to a participatory sexual health program implemented by a Community HIV Prevention Center established by a non-governmental organization. After two months of participatory observation, 35 semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with community members between the ages of 17 and 65. Eleven life histories of community leaders and HIV prevention promoters and seven focus groups formed from pre-existent community groups were analyzed. The material was categorized and analyzed qualitatively.The precarious nature of living conditions contributes to increased exposure to sexual practices while also enhancing the stigma experienced by the community for living in a shantytown. Through the implementation of the program by the Community HIV Prevention Center, children, teenagers and adults have become familiar with and knowledgeable of HIV/AIDS prevention; and teenagers and adults gained access to condoms.Although vulnerability to HIV was not affected, research results reveal that HIV prevention can become part of the local culture. HIV/AIDS prevention can be fomented by a local approach based on community participation and strengthening collective organizing.