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Created in 1996, Cybergeo, European Journal of Geography is native digital journal which was conceived from the start for publication in all European languages. In order to better promote its authors’ articles internationally, it is undertaking actions to improve and translate its metadata into English, Spanish and Chinese. CybergeoNet is a laureate of the AAP "Scientific Translations" launched in 2019 by the Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (MESRI) in France. It has developed an efficient, and quality, collaborative translation method that is transferable to other scientific journals published and managed by research laboratories. The aim is to ensure that authors and editorial teams become more competent in translation. A guide of good practices is proposed to the community. The impact of linguistic improvements made to the journal’s metadata is also measured with the consultation statistics provided by the OpenEdition platform. All documents are freely available online.

This presentation aims at studying the transformations of the flea market of Saint-Ouen, between tourism development and integration within the metropolitan logics by new capital flows. Located on the outskirts north of Paris, this market that has existed for more than 100 years is the subject of contradictory dynamics. Based on surveys of public and private actors and a study of the projects carried out in and around the Flea Market, the aim is to understand how the integration of this space previously at the margins of the tourist and metropolitan area is indicative of new modalities of tourism development, and the controversies that this raises. The Saint-Ouen flea Market is representative of trends experienced in major metropolises around the world, where tourism in peripheral areas is therefore supportive of the more general and broader transformations, both as a catalyst and a prerequisite for urban regeneration. Moreover, new investments change the social dimension of this space, also based on a new aesthetic, and tourism development policies are also conducted. Nevertheless, because of its special atmosphere, it is protected by a heritage perimeter, whereas the sellers are opposed to this shift from a place to sell to a place to experience. These dynamics raise the issue of the regulation of urban development.

ResumenAl analizar el rol de la arquitectura en el fortalecimiento de nuevas economías urbanas apoyadas en el turismo, puede constatarse que durante las últimas dos décadas una tipología arquitectónica se ha erigido como indiscutible paradigma urbano, para convertirse en pieza fundamental en el desarrollo de estrategias orientadas al desarrollo turístico de ciudades y territorios: la arquitectura museística. Con la construcción y la espectacular mediatización desplegada en torno al Museo Guggenheim en Bilbao (1998), la cartografía internacional del turismo urbano tomó nuevos rumbos marcados por el denominado “efecto Bilbao” y por tendencias cada vez más globales que se analizan en el presente texto. Para ello se estudian algunos de los casos más representativos a nivel internacional de branding arquitectónico orientado a instituciones museísticas, así como su relación con la consolidación del fenómeno de la starchitecture encarnado en figuras como Gehry, Nouvel o Koolhaas. Conceptos como brandscapes o paradigmatic cities, o fenómenos de “macdonalización” o “anti-Bilbao” que se reproducen en un contexto de hipermodernidad, alimentan la abundante historiografía existente sobre la producción contemporánea de arquitectura y de ciudad que ha trascendido toda demanda funcionalista. Palabras clave: arquitectura de museos, branding arquitectónico, efecto Bilbao, entorno urbano, institución cultural, starchitecture, turismo cultural.Architecture, museums, tourism: The war of brandsAbstractAn analysis of the role of architecture in strengthening new urban economies based on tourism shows that during the last two decades an architectural typology has emerged as an undeniable urban paradigm, which has become a fundamental piece in the development of strategies oriented towards the tourism development of cities and territories: museum architecture. With the construction of the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao (1998) and a spectacular mediatization around it, the international cartography of urban tourism took new directions marked by the so-called “Bilbao effect” and by increasingly global trends that are analyzed here. To this end, the paper studies some of the most representative cases of international architectural branding oriented toward museum institutions, as well as their relationship with the consolidation of the phenomenon of starchitecture embodied in figures such as Gehry, Nouvel, or Koolhaas. Concepts such as brandscapes or paradigmatic cities, or the phenomena of “McDonaldization” or “anti-Bilbao,” which are reproduced in a context of hypermodernity, fuel the abundant existing historiography on the contemporary production of architecture and urbanism that has transcended all functionalist demand.Keywords: Architecture of museums, architectural branding, Bilbao effect, urban environment, cultural institution, starchitecture, cultural tourism.Arquitetura, museus, turismo: a guerra das marcasResumoAo analisar o papel da arquitetura no fortalecimento de novas economias urbanas apoiadas no turismo, pode-se constatar que, durante as últimas duas décadas, uma tipologia arquitetônica tem-se levantado como indiscutível paradigma urbano para se converter em peça fundamental na elaboração de estratégias orientadas ao desenvolvimento turístico de cidades e territórios: a arquitetura museística. Com a construção e a espetacular midiatização sobre o Museu Guggenheim em Bilbao (1998), a cartografia internacional do turismo urbano tomou novos caminhos marcados pelo denominado “efeito Bilbao” e por tendências cada vez mais globais que são analisadas neste texto. Para isso, estudam-se alguns dos casos mais representativos no âmbito internacional de branding arquitetônico orientado a instituições museísticas bem como sua relação com a consolidação do fenômeno da starchitecture encarnado em figuras como Gehry, Nouvel ou Koolhaas. Conceitos como brandscapes ou paradigmatic cities, ou fenômenos de “macdonalização” ou “antiBilbao”, reproduzidos no contexto de hipermodernidade, alimentam a abundante historiografia existente sobre a produção contemporânea de arquitetura e de cidade que vem transcendendo toda a demanda funcionalista. Palavras-chave: arquitetura de museus, branding arquitetônico, efeito Bilbao, ambiente urbano, instituição cultural, starchitecture, turismo cultural. Recibido: septiembre 30 / 2017 Evaluado: enero 31 / 2018 Aceptado: febrero 27 / 2018

In the last few years, new as well as older and more mature destinations, have launched initiatives aiming at conquering their tourism margins – whether they “ordinary” places or socially marginalized areas. These projects reconfigure tourism geographies, open new places to tourism and modify the existing social and economic situations. They also push further the notional and conceptual limits of the tourism phenomenon. Based on examples in the Parisian metropolis, this paper examines the players and the places of tourism development “on the tourism margins”. It also questions the ways these evolutions may introduce new tourism situations, qualified as Post- or Hyper-Touristic.

This article questions the development of alternative policies, from the perspective of the political uses of tourism and heritage in Plaine Commune - one of the last territories of the red (communist) suburbs of Paris. The tourist and heritage policies are historically linked to the construction of a communist alternative and are marked by a militant perspective. These policies have evolved since the entrepreneurial turn initiated by the communist reformers in the 1990s. Today they are marked by the disseminating paradigm of "creativity". The involvment of the intermunicipal structure as "Territory of Culture and Creation" within the Greater Paris reveals the ambiguities between entrepreneurial dynamics and the development of a typical suburban heritage. In the interstices of the "creative" metropolis, we study the construction of alternative tourism and heritage policies. These policies are characterized by their participatory dimension, their involvment within the social and solidarity economy and their construction for ideally all inhabitants. In conclusion, the categorization of policies as alternatives stumbles on ambivalent forms, while the heritage and tourism policy, firsta result of an alternative policy, has become one of its main vectors.

Since the beginning of the 90s, different French cities and regions have been organised to host film shooting teams. In a way to help them to choose the different film settings, the city is "cut" by the local authorities into "selected pieces", presented on different materials (Books, CD-ROMs, SIG, etc.).Our hypothesis has two main points: first, these materials both create and communicate a new idea of urban aesthetics, which does not follow the classical aesthetic codes of current urban communication materials. These are not the "aesthetics of conformity" of the urban marketing brochures or materials, but "anti-aesthetics" exploiting different, unusual, or original elements. Second, local authorities tend to exploit these cinematographic aesthetics: they try to show the city as it has been caught by the camera. "Cinema eye" gives an added value to places which did not necessarily have a recognised aesthetic quality.We speak about the "city as a setting" because we think that the different initiatives taken by the local authorities in a way to attract film shooting tend to transform the city into a gigantic set. Material created for this occasion (brochures, books, CD-ROMs) "cut" the city into photographic sequences, which are characterised, annotated, commented. In a context in which, thanks to television, cinema, the internet, urban experience tends to be less and less real, and more and more virtual, the question of the creation of urban images and aesthetics by the cinema becomes extremely important.