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BACKGROUND The impact of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) on lung function in very preterm children is largely unknown as current evidence is mainly based on studies in children born small for gestational age but not necessarily with IUGR. METHODS Spirometry, transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide (TLco), and lung clearance index (LCI) were cross-sectionally evaluated at 8.0-15.0 years of age in children born

A recent outbreak of a novel Coronavirus responsible for a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading globally. The aim of this study was to systematically review main clinical characteristics and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infections in pediatric age. An electronic search was conducted in PubMed database. Papers published between 1 January and 1 May 2020 including children aged 0–18 years were selected. Sixty-two studies and three reviews were included, with a total sample size of 7480 children (2428/4660 males, 52.1%; weighted mean age 7.6 years). Patients showed mainly mild (608/1432, 42.5%) and moderate (567/1432, 39.6%) signs of the infection. About 2% of children were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. The most commonly described symptoms were fever (51.6%) and cough (47.3%). Laboratory findings were often unremarkable. Children underwent a chest CT scan in 73.9% of all cases, and 32.7% resulted normal. Overall, the estimated mortality was 0.08%. A higher proportion of newborns was severely ill (12%) and dyspnea was the most common reported sign (40%). Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 affects children less severely than adults. Laboratory and radiology findings are mainly nonspecific. Larger epidemiological and clinical cohort studies are needed to better understand possible implications of COVID-19 infection in children.What is Known:• A novel Coronavirus has been recently identified as responsible for a new Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) spreading globally.• There is limited evidence on SARS-CoV2 infection in children.What is New:• Systematically reviewed available evidence showed that children with SARS-CoV-2 infection may have a less severe pattern of disease in comparison to adults.• Blood tests and radiology findings are mainly nonspecific in children but may help to identify those who are severely ill. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00431-020-03684-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

We investigated exercise induced bronchocostrinction (EIB) and CRE in asthmatic children before and after a 1-week summer camp in the mountains (900 m of altitude). Methods: Asthmatic children from an urban area performed spirometry (Spirolab, MIR, IT) before and 10 minutes after a 20-m shuttle run test (20mSRT) on the 1st and 7th day of the camp. Spirometry z-scores were derived from GLI-2012 equations (Quanjer, ERJ 2012) and percentiles of 20mSRT performances were assigned according to De Miguel-Etayo (Int J Obes, 2014) for children aged 7-9 years and to Tomkinson (Br J Sports Med, 2016) for older subjects. A repeatable flow-volume curve at each testing point was required. EIB was defined as a FEV1 decrease ≥10% after the 20mSRT (Crapo, AJRCCM, 2000). Results: 24 children (mean age 11. 8y, 7-16y, 17 mild, 6 moderate, 1 severe asthma) were included. Most of the subjects with a 20mSRT performance

Hemodialysis treatment of chronic renal failure was introduced in our department in 1964. In 1971, we began treating a number of patients with short dialysis, and since 1972, all hemodialysis treatment in our center has been short dialysis (SD). The results of treatment of 278 patients in chronic renal failure on SD from January 1, 1974, to December 31, 1984, are presented here.