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The advances in information and communication technologies during the last years have facilitated a widespread use of the Internet. Adolescents use the Internet as a natural and regular way to communicate, entertain and perform school tasks. Although many benefits may derive from the use of the Internet, it is necessary to consider that it is not exempt from risks such as involuntary exposure (IE) to sexual material. Given the consequences that such exposure can have (especially at early ages), our objective has been to analyze the main emotional reactions during the IE to sexual material, exploring possible differences according to gender, the age of the first IE and the previous use of pornography. Method: 284 adolescents (47.9% boys; 52.1% girls) aged 13-17 years (mean=14.8; SD=0.98), completed an ad hoc questionnaire for the evaluation of different dimensions involved in IE to sexual contents. Results: 85.9% affirmed to have been exposed involuntarily to sexual material on the Internet, being the mean age of the first exhibition of 12.1 years (SD = 1.66). Among the main emotional reactions, surprise (53.3%), disgust (37.6%), shock (21.9%) and confusion (21.9%) stand out. Likewise, 20.2% experienced interest or distraction, 19.1% embarrassed and 19% became sexually aroused. Gender analysis shows significant differences in feeling disgust (Chi2=39.37; p=0.000), interest or distraction (Chi2=21.59; p=0.000), sexual arousal (Chi2=38.62; p=0.000), shame (Chi2=15.86; p=0.000), shock (Chi2=12.59; p=0.000) and confusion (Chi2=4.21; p=0.040). Depending on the age, significant negative correlations are obtained between the age of the first IE and experiencing interest or distraction (Rho=-0.202; p=0.006) or feeling sexual arousal (Rho=-0.273; p=0.000). Based on having used pornographic material previously, there are differences in feelings of disgust (Chi2=25.14; p=0.000), interest or distraction (Chi2=26.19; p=0.000), sexual arousal (Chi2=39.93; p=0.000), shame (Chi2=13.60; p=0.000) and shock (Chi2=4.74; p=0.029). Conclusions: The emotional reactions of adolescents to online sexual content involuntarily are different depending on variables such as gender, the age of the first IE and the previous use of pornographic material. Knowing those variables that modulate these reactions is fundamental to implement sex education programs in keeping with the reality of our adolescents, which may minimize the negative impact caused by the IE on their psychosexual development

Efficacy of the eas-salusex affective-sexual education program for adolescents with asd. Adolescents with ASD are characterized by lack, in most cases, of the skills necessary to establish interactions with affective-sexual objectives. For this reason, at the request of a group of parents and teachers of a public High School, the SALUSEX team has designed and implemented a program of affective-sexual education especially aimed at satisfying their needs both in terms of knowledge and attitudes and, above all, in communication skills and interaction with their peers for affective-sexual purposes. The program was applied to the 10 teenagers (50% boys and 50% girls) between 14 and 17 years old that were part of the CyL classroom of a High School in Castellón de la Plana. The results show that their level of knowledge has improved substantially since, for example, 97.2% know the basic information in relation to body hygiene and STI prevention; they have also improved their attitudes because 87.5% responding correctly in terms of prevention of sexism and gender violence, but the most remarkable thing is their improvement in skills, having acquired 90.5% correct guidelines for behavior in couple relationships. Also noteworthy are the increasing numbers throughout the sessions in terms of motivation and satisfaction with the progress made. The need to normalize affective-sexual education in this group is concluded given the growing demand and good results obtained in this pilot study

El uso generalizado de Internet ha facilitado que cada vez sean más los jóvenes que inician su actividad sexual en Internet. Algunos estudios apuntan que el consumo de alcohol o el abuso de Internet son factores que influyen en la práctica del cibersexo, por lo que planteamos este trabajo con el objetivo de explorar la relación entre cibersexo y las variables mencionadas. Tomando una muestra de 127 estudiantes de 14 años, se constata que efectivamente existe una profunda relación entre consumo abusivo de Internet y cibersexo, y que éstas a su vez se relacionan con distintos aspectos del consumo de alcohol. De estos resultados se derivan importantes implicaciones para el estatus nosológico y el conocimiento general del sexo en Internet.

La diseminación de contenidos sexuales a través de distintos portales de Internet facilita que muchos adolescentes sean expuestos involuntariamente mientras navegan, con el impacto negativo que a veces esto podría suponer. Por eso es importante explorar qué aspectos pueden amortiguar los efectos negativos de esta exposición, como por ejemplo la pre-exposición voluntaria a pornografía. Este es precisamente el objetivo de este trabajo. Tomando una muestra de 152 chicos adolescentes de entre 14 y 16 años, se constata que efectivamente los pre-expuestos voluntariamente no sólo experimentan menos síntomas a consecuencia de la exposición involuntaria, sino que además parecen extraer aspectos positivos de ésta.

Los programas de educación afectivo-sexual son imprescindibles para las personas con trastorno del desarrollo intelectual (PTDI), dadas las dificultades a las que se enfrentan para adquirir los conocimientos y las actitudes necesarias que les permitan protegerse de los abusos sexuales, así como disfrutar de la sexualidad de forma saludable. Estos programas para ser efectivos deben estar adaptados al grado de necesidades de apoyo del grupo al que va dirigido. Por ello, se adaptó el Programa Saludiversex, dirigido a personas con necesidades de apoyo intermitente, a las características de las personas con necesidades de apoyo limitado derivadas de un trastorno del desarrollo intelectual moderado (TDIM) y/o con bajo nivel de lectoescritura (Saludiversex-M). Así pues, el objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar si los participantes incrementaron su nivel de conocimientos y adquirieron las actitudes adecuadas para desarrollar una sexualidad saludable mediante la aplicación de este programa, que está compuesto por 10 sesiones. 50 PTDIM (el 62% son hombres y el 38% son mujeres) con una edad media de 38,58 años (DT=11,46) participaron en este estudio. Se aplicó un cuestionario diseñado ad hoc para evaluar el nivel de conocimientos y actitudes, antes y después de cada sesión. Los resultados indican que hay diferencias significativas entre el pretest y postest en las nueve sesiones (p

An essential aspect to guarantee the quality of life in people with Intellectual Disabilities (PDI) is sexual health. Despite the fact that attention has been increased in recent years on this issue, it is decisive to know if there are prejudices that can affect healthy development. The objective of this study has been to compare the attitudes towards sexuality of PDI that they have with those of the general population (PPG). For this, a total of 100 PDI (50% men and 50% women), from 19 to 55 years old, completed the Sexual Perception Scale, and 454 PPG (39.4% men and 60.6% women), between 20-82 years old, completed the Attitude Scale for Sexuality in People with Intellectual Disabilities (ASEXDI). 71.1% of the PPG show moderate attitudes towards thes exuality of PDI, 18.7%, liberaland 10.1% conservative attitudes. Both groups differ in tolerance to caresses, being higher in the PPG group (68.28% consider it very acceptable, compared to 22.78% of PDI). In contrast, penetrative sexual relations between PDI are slightly better valued by PDI than between PPG, although in both cases they are conservative attitudes (15% of PDI consider it not at all acceptable, compared to 37.89% of the PPG). However, the PPG tends to consider the competences of PDI for the correct use of condoms in a more positive way. The results allow to conclude that the PPG shows a moderate tolerance towards the expression of sexuality of this group, with the exception of the penetration practice towards which they show some prevention. The positive attitude of PDI towards this practice together with their low perception of competence in condom use justifies the need for adapted affective-sexual education programs.

Traditionally, people with intellectual disabilities have been deprived of the right to express their opinion, dismissing their ability to reflect and making their greater dependence on reference adults prevail. In this sense, although there is an increasing awareness of the rights of these people, the prejudices of parents towards the sexuality of this group are still present. For this reason, we propose to analyse the attitudes towards sexual behaviour of people with intellectual disabilities held by both the people who make up this group and their parents. To do this, a brief scale of attitudes towards sexual behaviour was administered to a sample of 360 people with mild or moderate intellectual disabilities between 19 and 55 years old and 100 parents between 28 and 83 years old. The results reveal that people with intellectual disabilities have significantly more liberal attitudes than their parents towards the behaviours of kissing, caressing (t = 2.423; p = .016) or engaging in sexual practices without penetration (t = 2.009; p = .045), but not towards the practice of vaginal intercourse against which both groups show similar attitudes (t = .252; p = .802). These results reflect not only the importance of taking into account the attitudes about sexuality of people with disabilities when developing affective-sexual education programs adapted to their characteristics, but also the value of providing the necessary knowledge and skills to parents.

The use of the Internet for sexual purposes (AKA cybersex) is an increasingly widespread activity in all the population. However, the way in which it is conducted (frequency, types of online sexual activity –ASO–, motivations) may change depending on characteristics such as sexual orientation. When feeling sexual attraction towards people of the same sex supposed rejection and stigmatization, cybersex was a safe space where to experiment with sexuality; thus, it was easy to understand that their consumption among homosexual and bisexual people was higher. Currently, its use as a safe space seems to be in a second place, gaining prominence its use as a plausible way to connect romantically and sexually with other people. The objective of this work was to analyze if certain aspects of cybersex consumption (frequency, types of ASO and reasons for consumption) vary depending on sexual orientation. With this aim, 553 people between 18-40 years old (54.2% men, 45.8% women; 36.2% heterosexual, 36.2% bisexual, 27.7% homosexual) completed an online survey on cybersex consumption. In men, sexual orientation (being homosexual or bisexual) showed great influence, mainly in ASOs that require contact with other users (looking for a partner [p.001] or using the webcam for sexual purposes [p.01]) and the social motives for doing so (e.g., using it to establish relationships [p=.001]). In women, influence of sexual orientation was limited to some specific ASO (insinuate other users [p.01] or use the webcam for sexual purposes [p.001]) and some motives (such as using it to relax from stress [p= .01]); In this case, bisexual women answered affirmatively more frequently. These differences are discussed in the context of the current construction of sexual diversity.

The prevalence of sexually transmitted infections is a serious problem for the Public Health. The young population is the most affected, but there is insufficient evidence about some differential profiles. This makes difficult preventive efforts, particularly when sexual diversity is only addressed in a categorical way, classifying among heterosexual, bisexual and homosexual people. For this reason, this study explores the prevalence of STIs, as well as differences in primary and secondary preventive behavior according to sexual orientation that is not evaluated categorically but according to the Kinsey scale. 600 university students (50% men and women; 67.5% attracted only to people of the other sex) filled in, online, voluntarily and anonymously, the Lifestyle and Health questionnaire (Giménez-García Ballester-Arnal, 2017). The results show a STIs’ prevalence of 5.3% that is mainly placed among those who are a little more attracted to people of the opposite sex (19%) and to people of the same sex exclusively (14.3%), with significant differences (Chi2=15.75; p=.027). Regarding the systematic use of condoms, 52.8% reported it with sporadic partners and 37.1% with regular partners, showing differences for the last one (Chi 2=17.69; p=.007). For both of them, people who are a little more attracted to people of the same sex use it more (100% sporadic and 67.7% regular) compared to those who are basically attracted to people of the same sex (33.3% sporadic and 0% regular). About the HIV screening test that 16.7% report, there are significant differences (Chi2=16.86; p=.018), being more frequent among people who are attracted exclusively (35.7%) or basically (28.6 %) to same sex people. Therefore, the higher prevalence seems to beamong people who are a little more attracted to people of the opposite sex and to people of the same sex exclusively, differing the groups at highest risk according to preventive behavior. Consequently, preventive efforts should guarantee an inclusive view of all sexual orientations.

Attitudes towards sexuality are one of the most important cognitive-emotional determinants of sexual functioning. In this sense, the sexuality of persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) is influenced by myths, stereotypes and prejudices that encourage the perpetuation of certain negative attitudes and limit their sexual experiences. The aim of this study is to analyze the attitudes towards sexuality in people with intellectual disabilities and in professionals who work with them. For this purpose, we use a brief scale of attitudes towards sexual behaviour in a sample of 300 people with mild or moderate intellectual disability (ID), aged between 19 and 55 years old and 100 professionals, aged between 20 and 66 years old. Results reveal that 34.6% of people with ID have conservative attitudes, 55.3% moderate attitudes, and 8.3% liberal attitudes. On the other hand, 14% of the professionals present moderate attitudes and 86% liberal attitudes. In general, professionals have more liberal attitudes in all sexual behaviours (kissing, fondling and/or oral sex), except in vaginal intercourse where people with IDs have more erotophilic attitudes. In conclusion, people with ID report mostly conservative attitudes although professionals have mostly liberal attitudes. For this reason, an attitudinal module in affective-sexual education programs for people with ID should be implemented, because this variable has a significant impact on sexual health.

The quality of life in the Intellectual Disabled people assessed by themselves and by their professionals: implicated variables. Improving the quality of life of people with intellectual disabilities is a prioritary goal since the implementation of the Law on Promotion of Personal Autonomy and Care for dependent people. Professionals and users do not always agree with the assessment about the different construct dimensions. Discrepancies may be due to variables not specifically analyzed by the research like the way they live, or the degree of disability that they have. The aim of this study was to analyze the possible discrepancies between the assessments of both informants attending these features. To this objective the INICO-FEAPS scale was applied to 360 adults with intellectual disability and 103 professionals working with them. The results show agreement in 5 of the scale dimensions, like Rights, Physical and Material Well-being; on the other hand we have found large discrepancies in Self-determination and Emotional Well-being. Results are interpretated in light of the kind of needs of the dimensions of quality of life.

Las misconceptions son ideas erróneas que los estudiantes aportan al aprendizaje y que se originan ya sea por un esquema cognitivo inadecuado o una práctica pedagógica inapropiada. La investigación realizada tuvo como objetivo evaluar la disminución de misconceptions asociada a la resolución de tareas referidas al ámbito de multiplicación y división dado el contexto de aplicación de un programa de intervención en Chile. Se evaluó su efecto sobre problemas con texto y cálculo, como así también la variabilidad de errores debido al desarrollo de misconceptions. La muestra se compuso de 368 estudiantes de cuarto año de escuelas públicas chilenas, de los cuales 122 asistieron a escuelas donde se aplicó el programa de forma regular en la asignatura de matemáticas. Los resultados indicaron un efecto positivo: el rendimiento matemático de alumnos que participaron del programa fue superior al de los estudiantes que aprendieron matemáticas de forma tradicional (p

La adicción al sexo es una patología de inicio en la adolescencia y adultez temprana con una importante repercusión social y personal. Su identificación temprana es crucial, de modo que este trabajo se plantea con el objetivo de adaptar a nuestro contexto y validar uno de los cuestionarios más utilizados para su evaluación: el cuestionario de adicción al sexo. Para ello, 600 jóvenes completaron éste y otros cuestionarios a través de los cuales se encontró que el SAST comprendía 4 factores que explicaban el 38.38% de la varianza del cuestionario y que además resultaban ser fiables y válidos en la evaluación de este cuadro clínico. Por tanto, este instrumento pasaría a formar parte del limitado abanico de recursos de los que disponemos en nuestro contexto para la evaluación de las adicciones sexuales en jóvenes.