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Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an incurable B-cell neoplasm characterized by its aggressive behavior, short responses to conventional therapies and SOX11 overexpression. Oxidative stress is known to induce tumorigenesis and tumor progression, whereas high levels of antioxidant genes have been associated with chemoresistance in different cancers. However, the role of oxidative stress in MCL pathogenesis and the involvement of SOX11 regulating redox homeostasis in MCL cells are largely unknown. Here, we observed that aggressive SOX11 + MCL presented higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and increased expression of oxidative stress-related genes compared to SOX11- MCL primary cases. Upregulation of the antioxidant gene PRDX2 and the proto-oncogene TCL1A significantly correlated with SOX11 overexpression and associated with worse patients’ overall survival. SOX11 knockout (SOX11KO) significantly reduced TCL1A. Moreover, SOX11KO and TCL1A knockdown (TCL1AKD) reduced PRDX2 expression in MCL cell lines. SOX11KO, TCL1AKD and PRDX2KD increased ROS levels and tumor cell death upon drug treatment in vitro. Interestingly, TCL1AKD reduced tumor growth in vivo, suggesting its involvement in MCL tumorigenesis. Overall, our results suggest an aberrant redox homeostasis associated with chemoresistance in aggressive MCL through TCL1A and PRDX2 upregulation, highlighting them as promising targets for new therapeutic strategies to overcome chemoresistance in aggressive MCLs.

Loss-of-function mutations in the human vacuolar protein sorting the 13 homolog A (VPS13A) gene cause Chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc), with selective degeneration of the striatum as the main neuropathologic feature. Very little is known about the VPS13A expression in the brain. The main objective of this work was to assess, for the first time, the spatiotemporal distribution of VPS13A in the mouse brain. We found VPS13A expression present in neurons already in the embryonic stage, with stable levels until adulthood. VPS13A mRNA and protein distributions were similar in the adult mouse brain. We found a widespread VPS13A distribution, with the strongest expression profiles in the pons, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Interestingly, expression was weak in the basal ganglia. VPS13A staining was positive in glutamatergic, GABAergic, and cholinergic neurons, but rarely in glial cells. At the cellular level, VPS13A was mainly located in the soma and neurites, co-localizing with both the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. However, it was not enriched in dendritic spines or the synaptosomal fraction of cortical neurons. In vivo pharmacological modulation of the glutamatergic, dopaminergic or cholinergic systems did not modulate VPS13A concentration in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, or striatum. These results indicate that VPS13A has remarkable stability in neuronal cells. Understanding the distinct expression pattern of VPS13A can provide relevant information to unravel pathophysiological hallmarks of ChAc.

Biological control using microorganism shows great potential as an eco-friendly and feasible alternative to replace, or at least diminish, the application of chemicals for plant pathogen control. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the interaction between any biological control agents (BCAs), host and target plant pathogen is crucial to enhance and extend the use of these organisms in agriculture. Recently, modern molecular technologies have allowed researchers to explore nature as never before, providing powerful approaches to characterize BCA’s modes of action. Among these new methodological approaches are the group of disciplines known under the term of “omics”, which include all areas of life sciences that take particular biomolecular sets as study objects (e.g., DNA, RNA, proteins or secondary metabolites), and that use high-throughput procedures for their approach. In this context, this chapter focuses on compiling common procedures used to carry out omic studies, with special emphasis on the research and development of BCAs against fungal plant pathogens. Thus, the importance of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic knowledge is underlined in order to understand the molecular reasons that make bacteria, and fungi useful in biological control, as well as to gather information about how multipartite relations work, all central aspects to turn agriculture into a productive, sustainable, environmentally friendly and resilient system. In addition, we summarize and exemplify studies with a BCA, Penicillium rubens strain 212 (PO212) effective against different diseases in horticultural crops. We are using several of these new technologies to improve our knowledge on the action mode of this BCA.

El objeto de este trabajo es el estudio de los orígenes y planteamientos teóricos de la Mediación y de la figura del mediador en Italia. Indagaremos por qué y cómo surge la necesidad de llevar este tipo de estudios a las aulas universitarias en Italia, cómo era la formación de los mediadores antes del nacimiento de estas licenciaturas y asignaturas y en qué consisten en la actualidad. Para ello, intentaremos realizar una reconstrucción histórica de la Mediazione y del papel del mediatore y trazar un perfil de la figura actual. La perspectiva será tanto desde un punto de vista legislativo y formativo, como práctico. Por otra parte, entre las cuestiones que nos planteamos aquí está el ver qué ofrecen las Universidades y en qué consisten sus programas, así como un análisis de los mismos y ver qué relación guardan los programas universitarios con el mundo real de la Mediación, y en consecuencia si la preparación actual de esta figura profesional es la adecuada. Este trabajo finaliza con un ejercicio de reflexión en torno a la aportaciones que puede realizar la lingüística en una materia como Mediación.

EL “NUEVO MUNDO” DE LA MEDIACIÓN LINGUISTICA Y CULTURAL: A LA “RECONQUISTA” DEL TERRITORIO DESDE LA INTERPRETACIÓN BILATERAL Por lo que se desprende del reciente florecimiento de las numerosas y variadas licenciaturas en Italia en el ámbito de la mediación lingüística y cultural, parece que hemos descubierto un mundo nuevo, un nuevo territorio que explorar, conocer, estudiar... Desde una facultad como la Sslimit de Bolonia, la visión que tenemos de este mundo no nos resulta tan “novedosa”, son tierras que labramos desde hace décadas intentando sacar el máximo partido para recoger los mejores frutos posibles. De hecho, la internacionalización de los mercados, el incesante intercambio transfronterizo de información y los fenómenos de emigración han comportado importantes cambios en las sociedades en las que, entre otras cosas, no sólo se han consolidado aún más las profesiones llamémosles ‘clásicas’ de las ciencias de la Mediación (traductor e intérprete) sino que además y aquí surge la cuestión interesante han fomentado la creación de una figura profesional, la del mediador lingüístico y cultural, un nuevo elemento que se integra en nuestra familia, la de la Mediación, institucionalizada con la reforma universitaria italiana. Con este cuadro general, el nuevo miembro familiar, el nuevo marco regulador, las nuevas necesidades contextuales y a un lustro de convivencia con todo ello, tenemos la excusa perfecta para concedernos un momento y un espacio de reflexión. Por nuestra parte, desde la interpretación bilateral, nos cuestionaremos sobre todas esas novedades y sus posibles efectos en nuestra asignatura, lo que era y lo que es, qué relaciones presenta con los miembros de la familia de la mediación, qué lugar ocupa, qué territorio se nos ha asignado en ese nuevo mundo. Una revisión de nuestra ‘conquista’, y con la reflexión, ‘re-conquistar’.

Si tratta dello studio dettagliato relativo alla "sensazionale scoperta" di autografi in francese e tedesco del grande classico della letteratura tedesca Heinrich Heine presenti nel Fondo Piancastelli della Bibioteca Comunale Saffi di Forlì. Per la prima volta vengono presentate e commentate le lettere in francese di Heine alla Principessa Trivulzio di Belgioso durante il soggiorno parigino di questa; inoltre si analizza e si ricostruisce filologicamente e si commenta e si traduce un frammento autografo in lingua tedesca di Heine finora ignoto del famoso poema "Deutschland. Ein Wintermärchen".

Introduzione critica alla tematica del volume, con chiarificazione delle principali questioni di teoria della traduzione riguardanti gli autori e i temi trattati.

L'articolo presenta, in un contesto storico-letterario, diversi testi di tre autori tedeschi classici del Novecento i cui scritti si confrontano apertamente con la problematica della guerra. Tali testi sono stati oggetto di un lavoro di traduzione da parte degli studenti del corso di "Traduzione dal tedesco in italiano 1° anno 1^ lingua" svoltosi nell'anno accademico 2002-2003 e di dibattito in aula.