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Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests (SDTFs) are situated in regions prone to significant water deficits. This study aimed to evaluate and quantify the dynamics and spatial patterns of vegetation and water bodies through the analysis of physical–hydrological indices for a remnant of FTSD between 2013 and 2021. Basal area, biomass, and tree number were monitored in 80 permanent plots located in two areas of an SDTF remnant with different usage histories. To assess vegetation and water resource conditions, geospatial parameters NDVI, NDWIveg, NDWI, and MNDWI were estimated for the period from 2013 to 2021. The observed patterns were evaluated by simple linear regression, principal component analysis (PCA), and principal component regression (PCR). Area 2 presented higher values of basal area, biomass, and number of trees. In area 1, there was an annual increase in basal area and biomass, even during drought years. The NDVI and NDWIveg indicated the vulnerability of vegetation to the effects of droughts, with higher values recorded in 2020. NDWI and MNDWI detected the water availability pattern in the study area. Physical–hydrological indices in the dynamics of tree vegetation in dry forests are influenced by various factors, including disturbances, soil characteristics, and precipitation patterns. However, their predictive capacity for basal area, biomass, and tree number is limited, highlighting the importance of future research incorporating seasonal variability and specific local conditions into their analyses.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the spatio-temporal dynamics of land vulnerability and pasture areas in the dairy basins of the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas, which are part of the Ipanema River Watershed (IRW) in the Northeast Region of Brazil. Maps of the Land Use and Land Cover (LULC); the Index of Vulnerability to Degradation (IVD); the Land Vulnerability Index (LVI); time series of Effective Herd (EH), Milked Cows (MC), and Milk Production (MP); and Pasture Cover (PC) and Quality (PCQ) were created as parameters. An opposite pattern was observed between the land use classes of Livestock, Agriculture, and Forest. The IRW area has predominantly flat terrain with a very high risk of degradation. The analysis of MC was consistent with the information from the EH analysis as well as with MP. When assessing Pasture Quality, Severe Degradation areas increased from 2010 to 2014, decreased after 2015, and rose again in 2020. Moderate Degradation areas remained high, while Not Degraded pasture areas were consistently the lowest from 2012 to 2020. Over the 10 years analyzed (2010–2020), the area showed a strong degradation process, with the loss of approximately 16% of the native vegetation of the Caatinga Biome and an increase in pasture areas and land vulnerability.

Este artigo objetiva mapear e analisar estratégias de prevenção e manejo do bullying na escola, tendo como embasamento uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Os trabalhos analisados encontram-se indexados nas bases de dados: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da Capes-BDTD; Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs); Portal de Periódicos Capes (Acesso CAFe) e The Scientific Electronic Library Online(SciELO), tendo como recorte temporal os anos de 2011 a 2021. Utilizando-se de critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionadas para compor a base de discussão deste texto, 35 produções. Do processo analítico, seguindo os critérios metodológicos a que se propôs o estudo, emergiram três categorias: i) Intervenções escolares envolvendo a família; ii) Intervenção via políticas públicas; iii) Intervenções educativas focadas no protagonismo juvenil. Entre os destaques desta investigação, identificou-se que a cooperação e o engajamento entre os atores da comunidade escolar: alunos, professores e demais funcionários, famílias e Estado, constitui-se estratégia primordial na resolução de problemas coletivos, como é o caso do bullying escolar.

Northeast Brazil (NEB), particularly its semiarid region, represents an area highly susceptible to the impacts of climate change, including severe droughts, and intense anthropogenic activities. These stresses may be accelerating environmental degradation and desertification of soil in NEB. The main aim of this study was to gain geospatial insights into the biophysical parameters of surface energy balance and actual evapotranspiration on a multi-temporal scale, aiming to detect and analyze the spectral behavioral patterns of areas vulnerable to degradation processes, based on thematic maps at the surface, for NEB and mainly the semiarid region of NEB from 2000 to 2019. Geospatial data from 8-day MODIS sensor products were used, such as surface reflectance (Terra/MOD09A1 and Aqua/MYD09A1), surface temperature (Terra/MOD11A2 and Aqua/MYD11A2), and actual evapotranspiration (Terra/MOD16A2 and Aqua/MYD16A2), version 6. Therefore, in this study, pixel-to-pixel values were processed by calculating the average pixel statistics for each year. From the reflectance product, digital processing of the surface albedo and spectral vegetation indices was also carried out, using computational programming scripts and machine learning algorithms developed via the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The study also presents a seasonal analysis of these components and their relationships over 20 years. Through vegetation indices and statistical correlations, a new predictive model of actual evapotranspiration was developed. The quantitative and spatiotemporal spectral patterns of the parameters were assessed through descriptive statistics, measures of central tendency and dispersion, and statistical error analyses and correlation indices. Thematic maps highlighted the pixel-to-pixel results, with patterns of high temperature distribution mainly in the central and northeastern part of NEB and the semiarid region of NEB, highlighting the formation of persistent heat islands over time. Meanwhile, in these areas, the maps of actual evapotranspiration showed a drastic reduction due to the lesser availability of energy. Over time, the semiarid region of NEB presented areas with little and/or no vegetation cover, which were highly well-defined between the years 2012 and 2019, confirming that these areas are extremely vulnerable to degradation and desertification processes due to significant loss of vegetative and water resilience. The components of energy balance were highly interconnected to climatological and environmental conditions, showing the severe results of drought and accentuation of the water deficit in NEB, presenting a greater condition of aridity in the semiarid region of NEB over time.

The Brazilian Cerrado biome provides relevant ecosystem services for Brazil and South America, being strategic for the planning and management of water resources as well as for agribusiness. The objective was to evaluate the water quality along the course of the Córrego da Formiga in a virgin portion of the Brazilian Cerrado, the relationship of land use with physical-chemical and biological parameters of the water, and the inflow of the tributary. Five water collection points were defined (between the source and mouth) and observed on a quarterly scale in 2015, water samples were collected and analyzed for physical-chemical and biological parameters in the laboratory, and flow measurements were performed at the same point and day of water collection. To identify and quantify land use and land cover (LULC) in the watershed, an image from the Landsat8-OLI satellite was obtained, and other geomorphological data from hypsometry (Topodata-INPE) were obtained to generate the slope, basin delimitation, and contribution area for each water collection point. The LULC percentages for each area of contribution to the water collection points were correlated with the physical-chemical and biological parameters of the water and submitted to multivariate analysis (PLS-DA) for analysis and grouping among the five analyzed points. Changes in water-quality patterns were more pronounced concerning the time when the first and last sampling was performed (rainy period) and may be influenced by the increase in the volume of water in these periods. The stream flow is highly variable over time and between points, with the lowest recorded flow being 0.1 L s−1 (P1) and the highest being 947.80 L s−1 (P5). Córrego da Formiga has class III water quality (CONAMA resolution 357), which characterizes small restrictions on the use of water for multiple uses. The soil cover with native vegetation is just over 12%, while the predominance was of the classes of sugar cane (62.42%) and pasture (19.33%). The PLS-DA analysis allowed separating the water analysis points between P1, P2, P3, and P5, while P4 was superimposed on others. It was also possible to verify that the parameters that weighed the most for this separation of water quality were pH, alkalinity_T, alkalinity_h, calcium, and hardness, all with a tendency to increase concentration from the source (P1) to the mouth (P5). As for water quality, it was also possible to verify that points P2 and P5 presented better water-quality conditions.

Thematic maps of land cover and use can assist in the environmental monitoring of semiarid regions, mainly due to the advent of climate change, such as drought, and pressures from anthropic activities, such as the advance of urban areas. The use of geotechnologies is key for its effectiveness and low operating cost. The objective was to evaluate and understand the spatiotemporal dynamics of the loss and gain of land cover and use in a region of the Brazilian semiarid region, and identify annual trends from changing conditions over 36 years (1985 to 2020), using cloud remote sensing techniques in Google Earth Engine (GEE). Thematic maps of land cover and land use from MapBiomas Brazil were used, evaluated by Mann–Kendall trend analysis. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was also determined from the digital processing of about 800 orbital images (1985 to 2020) from the Landsat series of satellites. The trend analysis for land cover and use detected, over time, the loss of forest areas and water bodies, followed by the advance of exposed soil areas and urban infrastructure. The modification of native vegetation directly influences water availability, and agricultural activities increase the pressure on water resources, mainly in periods of severe drought. The NDVI detected that the period from 2013 to 2020 was most affected by climatic variability conditions, with extremely low average values. Thematic maps of land cover and use and biophysical indices are essential indicators to mitigate environmental impacts in the Brazilian semiarid region.

Abstract Background Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is defined as recurrent or continuous pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis, either non-menstrual or noncyclical, lasting for at least 6 months. There is strong evidence that up to 85% of patients with CPP have serious dysfunctions of the musculoskeletal system, including abdominal myofascial pain syndrome (AMPS). AMPS is characterized by intense and deep abdominal pain, originating from hyperirritable trigger points, usually located within a musculoskeletal band or its lining fascia. In the literature, there are few studies that address AMPS. Objectives To evaluate and compare the efficacy of therapeutic ultrasound (TUS) and injection of local anesthetic (IA) to improve pain in women with abdominal myofascial syndrome secondary to CPP. Study design Randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting Tertiary University Hospital. Materials and methods A randomized clinical trial was conducted, patients were allocated to two types of treatment: group TUS (n = 18), and group IA (n = 20). The instruments used for evaluation and reassessment were the Visual Analog Scale, Numerical Categorical Scale, McGill Pain Questionnaire, and SF-36 quality of life assessment questionnaire. They were evaluated before starting treatment, 1 week after the end of treatment, and at 1, 3, and 6 months. Results TUS and IA were effective in reducing clinical pain and improving quality of life through the variables analyzed among study participants. There was no significant difference between groups. Limitations: absence of blinding; exclusion of women with comorbidities and other causes of CPP, the absence of a placebo group, the difference between the number of sessions used for each technique, and the COVID-19. Conclusion Treatment with TUS and IA were effective in reducing clinical pain and improving quality of life in women with AMPS secondary to CPP. Trail registration We declare that this clinical trial has been registered under the number [(ReBEC) no. RBR-39czsv] on 07/18/2018 in the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials.

Understanding and characterizing the relationship between soil and environmental temperatures is crucial for developing effective agricultural management strategies, promoting natural resource conservation, and developing sustainable production systems. Despite the direct impact of the thermal properties of Oxisols on global food production and sustainable agriculture, there is a dearth of research in this area. Therefore, this study aimed to monitor and analyze the thermal behavior of a Red Latosol (Oxisol) in Dracena-SP, Brazil, over two years (from 28 July 2020 to 27 July 2022). Using R software (version 4.3.0) and paired group comparisons, we organized the data into twelve-month sets to estimate monthly soil thermal diffusivity using amplitude, arctangent, and logarithm methods. Soil depth and thermal amplitude showed a temporal pattern characterized by inversely proportional magnitudes that followed an exponential behavior. The thermal amplitude of the Oxisol evaluated decreased with increasing depth, indicating soil thermal damping. In conclusion, the relationship between Oxisol and environmental temperature has significant implications for achieving sustainable agriculture and efficient water and plant resource management.

The objective of this study was to develop and calibrate a photovoltaic-powered soil moisture sensor (SMS) for irrigation management. Soil moisture readings obtained from the sensor were compared with gravimetric measurements. An automated SMS was used in two trials: (i) okra crop (Abelmoschus esculentus) and (ii) chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens). All sensors were calibrated and automated using an Arduino Mega board with C++. The soil moisture data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. The data recorded by the equipment was correlated with the gravimetric method. The determination coefficient (R2), Pearson correlation (r), and root mean square error (RMSE) were adopted as criteria for equipment validation. The results show that our SMS achieved an R2 value of 0.70 and an r value of 0.84. Notably, there was a striking similarity observed between SMS and gravimetric data, with RMSE values of 3.95 and 4.01, respectively. The global model developed exhibited highly efficient outcomes with R2 (0.98) and r (0.99) values. The applicability of the developed SMS facilitates irrigation management with accuracy and real-time monitoring using digital data. The automation of the SMS emerges as a real-time and precise alternative for performing irrigation at the right moment and in the correct amount, thus avoiding water losses.

Abstract Objective To determine the average body composition (percentage of body fat), the anthropometric markers, and the intensity of clinical pain in women with a clinical diagnosis of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) secondary to endometriosis. Methods A case-control study performed with 91 women, 46 of whom with CPP secondary to endometriosis and 45 of whom with CPP secondary to other causes. They underwent an evaluation of the anthropometric parameters by means of the body mass index (BMI), the perimeters (waist, abdomen, hip), and the percentage of body fat (%BF), which were assessed on a body composition monitor by bioimpedance; the intensity of the clinical pain was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS), and the symptoms of anxiety and depression, using the hospital’s anxiety and depression scale (HAD). Results The groups did not differ in terms of mean age, BMI, %BF or regarding the available waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). The mean intensity of the clinical pain by the VAS was of 7.2 ± 2.06 in the group with CPP secondary to endometriosis, and of 5.93 ± 2.64 in the group with CPP secondary to other causes (p = 0.03), revealing significant differences between the groups. Conclusion We concluded that, despite the difference in the pain score assessed between the two groups, there was no difference regarding body composition and anthropometry.

Este artigo tem por finalidade apresentar o trabalho realizado no CEEP Hercules Maymone, em Campo Grande - MS, servindo como base para os estudantes compreendessem as diferenças na configuração territorial das propriedades familiares e comerciais no campo. O projeto foi implementado em sala de aula e consistiu na análise dos processos nos diferentes níveis da geografia agrária, trazendo de uma forma simples e com ajuda nas atividades práticas e a exploração do entendimento dos estudantes, com resultados positivos obtidos ao longo do processo. Conforme a dinâmica no ensino remoto foram exibidas vídeoaulas para a turma, para entenderem com mais precisão as diferenças entre cada configuração rural familiar e o agronegócio. Foi possível exercitar o senso crítico do estudante e utilizar metodologias ativas nas aulas e na elaboração de trabalhos de pesquisa.

Abstract Objective To access the benefits or harms of an exercise program, based on the current American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines, on the mode of delivery, duration and onset of labor. Methods A study performed at the Hospital Senhora da Oliveira between October 2015 and February 2017. This was a quasi-experimental study involving 255 women divided into two groups: an intervention group engaged in a controlled and supervised exercise program during pregnancy (n = 99), and a control group that did not participate in the exercise program (n = 156). Data were collected in two stages: during the 1st trimester biochemical screening (before the beginning of the program), through a written questionnaire, and after delivery, from the medical files of the patients. The significance level in the present study was 5% (p = 0.05). Results The control group had higher odds of induced labor (odds ratio [OR] 2.71; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42-5.17; p = 0.003), when compared with women who underwent the intervention. No differences were found between the groups in instrumental vaginal deliveries, cesarean rate, time until the beginning of the active phase, duration of the active phase, and duration of the second stage of labor. Conclusion The implementation of a controlled and supervised exercise program in pregnancy was associated with significantly lower odds of induced deliveries.

ABSTRACT Aim: To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of perineal Thiele massage in the treatment of women with dyspareunia caused by tenderness of the pelvic floor muscles. Methods: A total of 18 women with diagnoses of dyspareunia caused by tenderness of the pelvic floor muscles were included in the study. The women were divided in two groups: the dyspareunia (D) group - 8 women with dyspareunia caused by tenderness of the pelvic floor muscles; and the chronic pelvic pain group (CPP) group - 10 women with dyspareunia caused by tenderness of the pelvic floor muscles associated with CPP. Each patient filled out the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the McGill Pain Index, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). After an evaluation, the women underwent transvaginal massage using the Thiele technique over a period of 5 minutes, once a week for 4 weeks. Results: All women had significant improvements in their dyspareunia according the VAS and the McGill Pain Index (p < 0,001), but the HADS scores did not show significant differences. Regarding sexual function, the D group showed improvements on all aspects of sexual function, while the CPP group showed differences only in the pain domain. Conclusion: Thiele massage is effective in the treatment of dyspareunia caused by tenderness of the pelvic floor muscles with a long-term pain relief.

A disciplina de Educação Física tem um forte efeito socializador entre os jovens e deverá ter um papel primordial no combate aos problemas de violência, indisciplina e bullying que preocupam a escola atual. Esta investigação pretende analisar as interinfluências entre a Educação Física e o comportamento bullying e compreender em que medida este problema prejudica as finalidades relacionais, humanistas e éticas desta disciplina. Estudo analítico de delineamento transversal realizado numa amostra de 1818 alunos de escolas portuguesas, com uma média de idades de 12,8 anos. Concluímos que as atitudes e opiniões dos alunos com experiências de bullying, em relação à participação na aula de Educação Física, são distintas das dos restantes alunos: os alunos que assumiram ter agredido/bullied, manifestam maior concordância com opiniões prepotentes e injustas do que os alunos que não agrediram/bullied e os alunos que foram vítimas de bullying sentem mais dificuldades e constrangimentos na sua participação na aula de EF do que os colegas que nunca foram vitimados; comprovou-se igualmente que os alunos com experiências de bullying (seja vitimização ou agressão) têm expectativas mais reduzidas em relação às aprendizagens nesta disciplina. Finalmente confirmou-se que um aproveitamento insatisfatório nesta disciplina constituiu um significativo fator de risco relativamente à probabilidade de um aluno ser vítima de bullying pelos seus pares

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a função cognitiva dos idosos e determinar a frequência do déficit cognitivo, estratificando-os por idade, escolaridade, passatempo, relação social, doenças crônicas informadas e depressão. A uma amostra aleatória de 394 idosos com idade igual ou maior que 60 anos do município de Batatais (SP) foi aplicado questionário sobre condições socioeconômicas, saúde e Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (EDG). Para rastrear o déficit cognitivo, foi utilizado o MEEM - Mini-Exame do Estado Mental modificado. Na avaliação do desempenho cognitivo, usou-se ponto de corte 23. Observou-se que 81,7% dos idosos ficaram acima desse ponto e 18,3% ficaram abaixo. Os idosos que tiveram os escores mais elevados foram associados a fatores como idade (60-69 anos), nível de escolaridade, hábito de leitura, boa relação social, principalmente com familiares, e não ter hipertensão arterial, diabete, incontinência urinária, catarata e ou sintomas depressivos. O desempenho cognitivo global dos idosos avaliado pelo instrumento baseado no MEEM revelou que aqueles com escores abaixo do ponto de corte tiveram proporção semelhante à encontrada em outros estudos.

Estudo observacional foi realizado com estudantes de duas escolas de Ensino Médio, na cidade de Porto Alegre, RS (Brasil). Os dados foram obtidos por meio de questionário objetivo em sala de aula, após autorização da instituição e dos professores envolvidos e após assinatura do termo de consentimento pelos responsáveis. A maioria dos alunos participantes deste estudo referiu o uso de medicamentos, sobretudo indicados por profissionais da saúde e com conhecimento da família. Em geral, não sabiam dizer se tais substâncias poderiam causar algum problema. Propagandas de medicamentos na televisão foram assistidas pela quase totalidade dos estudantes, que referiram confiar muito pouco ou nada nos aspectos científicos por elas apresentados. Entretanto, 30% deles informaram que a propaganda influenciou o uso de medicamentos. Este estudo indica a necessidade de programas que visem conscientizar a população sobre os aspectos negativos do uso de medicamentos. Estes programas poderiam se dirigir aos jovens, às escolas, às famílias, às equipes de saúde e à mídia (especialmente a televisão).

A utilização de modelos matemáticos que descrevem a evolução temporal de populações (crescimento ou decréscimo) pode ser extremamente útil para a escolha de medidas preventivas e/ou de controle. São muitas as ferramentas matemáticas disponíveis, e uma escolha adequada depende tanto do tipo de informações disponíveis quanto dos objetivos almejados. Buscando explorar conteúdos matemáticos do Ensino Médio, neste trabalho são apresentados alguns modelos matemáticos que descrevem o crescimento da população do Estado de São Paulo, a partir da utilização de diferentes funções. Diferentes taxas de crescimento são exploradas, e as características e hipóteses básicas de cada modelo proposto são apresentadas. Uma comparação quantitativa e qualitativa é feita para validar os modelos obtidos.

A Educação Ambiental constitui um processo educativo, cuja finalidade é desenvolver instrumentos pedagógicos e ampliar a prática educativa para que o homem viva em harmonia com o meio ambiente. A Modelagem Matemática é uma estratégia de ensino e aprendizagem, na qual os alunos transformam situações da realidade em modelos matemáticos por meio da investigação, ação e validação, abordando problemas que estão relacionados ao cotidiano. A Modelagem possibilita a aprendizagem de conteúdos matemáticos aplicados em outras ciências, onde a Matemática é aprendida e entendida como um instrumento para a compreensão e possível modificação da realidade. Assim, os modelos matemáticos podem constituir uma ferramenta útil na conscientização do indivíduo enquanto sujeito da sua própria ação. Neste trabalho os temas abordados são: crescimento de peixes, poluição do ar e agrotóxicos.Environmental education is an educative process which aims at developing teaching tools and extending educative practice to make human beings live in harmony with the environment. Mathematical Modeling is a strategy for teaching and learning, in which the students change situations of reality into mathematical models through investigation, action and validating, approaching problems which are related to their everyday lives. Modeling enables the learning of mathematical content applied to other sciences, where Mathematics is learned and understood as a tool for the comprehension and possible change of reality. Thus, mathematical models can be a useful tool to make us conscious while subject of our own action. In this work, the themes approached are: fish growth; air pollution and toxic agrochemicals.

Por meio deste texto, que resulta de pesquisa bibliográfica, objetiva-se compartilhar reflexões sobre a linguagem, à luz de pressupostos teóricos do filólogo russo Mikail Bakhtin. Nele são indicados e explicitados os conceitos de linguagem, enunciação, dialogismo e polifonia, os quais precisam ser conhecidos e articulados à prática dos professores de Língua Portuguesa, uma vez que constituem categorias básicas da epistemologia bakhtiniana, presente na concepção sociointeracionista de linguagem e na teoria da enunciação. Por conseguinte, a língua é assumida nos processos enunciativos como forma de interação, em sua dimensão dialógica, interlocutiva. Pode-se constatar, também, que o dialogismo - conceito que permeia toda a obra do autor - pode acontecer entre sujeitos ou entre textos. Neste caso, manifesta-se por meio da pluralidade de vozes, a chamada polifonia, fenômeno observado nos diversos discursos ou textos que, social e historicamente, constituem a comunicação cotidiana.

The aims of this study were to characterize the spontaneous physical activity of children during school recess, and to estimate variation in physical activity associated with gender and age. A MTI actigraph (Model 7164) was used with a sample of 140 boys and 131 girls, 6 to 10 years of age. MTI counts were converted to METs using a regression equation developed for children. The number and average duration of periods of activity by intensity were calculated for each child during a 30 minute recess: rest or mild physical activity (less than or equal to 2.9 METs), moderate physical activity (3.0-5.9 METs,), vigorous physical activity (6.0-8.9 METs) and very vigorous physical activity (greater than or equal to 9.0 METs). Boys and girls spent about 50% of the recess in physical activity. Physical activity was characteristically done in very short bursts with intervals of rest or mild physical activity. The number of episodes of physical activity of all intensity levels was lower in older children while the inverse occurred at rest or mild physical activity. Boys engaged in higher intensity activity than girls and in general spent more recess time in physical activity.