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1. Global fine-resolution data on springtail abundance and community structure

Author

Anton M. Potapov, Ting-Wen Chen, Anastasia V. Striuchkova, Juha M. Alatalo, Douglas Alexandre, Javier Arbea, Thomas Ashton, Frank Ashwood, Anatoly B. Babenko, Ipsa Bandyopadhyaya, Carolina Riviera Duarte Maluche Baretta, Dilmar Baretta, Andrew D. Barnes, Bruno C. Bellini, Mohamed Bendjaballah, Matty P. Berg, Verónica Bernava, Stef Bokhorst, Anna I. Bokova, Thomas Bolger, Mathieu Bouchard, Roniere A. Brito, Damayanti Buchori, Gabriela Castaño-Meneses, Matthieu Chauvat, Mathilde Chomel, Yasuko Chow, Steven L. Chown, Aimee T. Classen, Jérôme Cortet, Peter Čuchta, Ana Manuela de la Pedrosa, Estevam C. A. De Lima, Louis E. Deharveng, Enrique Doblas Miranda, Jochen Drescher, Nico Eisenhauer, Jacintha Ellers, Olga Ferlian, Susana S. D. Ferreira, Aila S. Ferreira, Cristina Fiera, Juliane Filser, Oscar Franken, Saori Fujii, Essivi Gagnon Koudji, Meixiang Gao, Benoit Gendreau-Berthiaume, Charles Gers, Michelle Greve, Salah Hamra-Kroua, I. Tanya Handa, Motohiro Hasegawa, Charlène Heiniger, Takuo Hishi, Martin Holmstrup, Pablo Homet, Toke T. Høye, Mari Ivask, Bob Jacques, Charlene Janion-Scheepers, Malte Jochum, Sophie Joimel, Bruna Claudia S. Jorge, Edite Juceviča, Esther M. Kapinga, Ľubomír Kováč, Eveline J. Krab, Paul Henning Krogh, Annely Kuu, Natalya Kuznetsova, Weng Ngai Lam, Dunmei Lin, Zoë Lindo, Amy W. P. Liu, Jing-Zhong Lu, María José Luciáñez, Michael T. Marx, Amanda Mawan, Matthew A. McCary, Maria A. Minor, Grace I. Mitchell, David Moreno, Taizo Nakamori, Ilaria Negri, Uffe N. Nielsen, Raúl Ochoa-Hueso, Luís Carlos I. Oliveira Filho, José G. Palacios-Vargas, Melanie M. Pollierer, Jean-François Ponge, Mikhail B. Potapov, Pascal Querner, Bibishan Rai, Natália Raschmanová, Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid, Laura J. Raymond-Léonard, Aline S. Reis, Giles M. Ross, Laurent Rousseau, David J. Russell, Ruslan A. Saifutdinov, Sandrine Salmon, Mathieu Santonja, Anna K. Saraeva, Emma J. Sayer, Nicole Scheunemann, Cornelia Scholz, Julia Seeber, Peter Shaw, Yulia B. Shveenkova, Eleanor M. Slade, Sophya Stebaeva, Maria Sterzynska, Xin Sun, Winda Ika Susanti, Anastasia A. Taskaeva, Li Si Tay, Madhav P. Thakur, Anne M Treasure, Maria Tsiafouli, Mthokozisi N. Twala, Alexei V. Uvarov, Lisa A. Venier, Lina A. Widenfalk, Rahayu Widyastuti, Bruna Winck, Daniel Winkler, Donghui Wu, Zhijing Xie, Rui Yin, Robson A. Zampaulo, Douglas Zeppelini, Bing Zhang, Abdelmalek Zoughailech, Oliver Ashford, Osmar Klauberg-Filho, and Stefan Scheu

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Springtails (Collembola) inhabit soils from the Arctic to the Antarctic and comprise an estimated ~32% of all terrestrial arthropods on Earth. Here, we present a global, spatially-explicit database on springtail communities that includes 249,912 occurrences from 44,999 samples and 2,990 sites. These data are mainly raw sample-level records at the species level collected predominantly from private archives of the authors that were quality-controlled and taxonomically-standardised. Despite covering all continents, most of the sample-level data come from the European continent (82.5% of all samples) and represent four habitats: woodlands (57.4%), grasslands (14.0%), agrosystems (13.7%) and scrublands (9.0%). We included sampling by soil layers, and across seasons and years, representing temporal and spatial within-site variation in springtail communities. We also provided data use and sharing guidelines and R code to facilitate the use of the database by other researchers. This data paper describes a static version of the database at the publication date, but the database will be further expanded to include underrepresented regions and linked with trait data.

Published
2024
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2. Globally invariant metabolism but density-diversity mismatch in springtails

Author

Anton M. Potapov, Carlos A. Guerra, Johan van den Hoogen, Anatoly Babenko, Bruno C. Bellini, Matty P. Berg, Steven L. Chown, Louis Deharveng, Ľubomír Kováč, Natalia A. Kuznetsova, Jean-François Ponge, Mikhail B. Potapov, David J. Russell, Douglas Alexandre, Juha M. Alatalo, Javier I. Arbea, Ipsa Bandyopadhyaya, Verónica Bernava, Stef Bokhorst, Thomas Bolger, Gabriela Castaño-Meneses, Matthieu Chauvat, Ting-Wen Chen, Mathilde Chomel, Aimee T. Classen, Jerome Cortet, Peter Čuchta, Ana Manuela de la Pedrosa, Susana S. D. Ferreira, Cristina Fiera, Juliane Filser, Oscar Franken, Saori Fujii, Essivi Gagnon Koudji, Meixiang Gao, Benoit Gendreau-Berthiaume, Diego F. Gomez-Pamies, Michelle Greve, I. Tanya Handa, Charlène Heiniger, Martin Holmstrup, Pablo Homet, Mari Ivask, Charlene Janion-Scheepers, Malte Jochum, Sophie Joimel, Bruna Claudia S. Jorge, Edite Jucevica, Olga Ferlian, Luís Carlos Iuñes de Oliveira Filho, Osmar Klauberg-Filho, Dilmar Baretta, Eveline J. Krab, Annely Kuu, Estevam C. A. de Lima, Dunmei Lin, Zoe Lindo, Amy Liu, Jing-Zhong Lu, María José Luciañez, Michael T. Marx, Matthew A. McCary, Maria A. Minor, Taizo Nakamori, Ilaria Negri, Raúl Ochoa-Hueso, José G. Palacios-Vargas, Melanie M. Pollierer, Pascal Querner, Natália Raschmanová, Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid, Laura J. Raymond-Léonard, Laurent Rousseau, Ruslan A. Saifutdinov, Sandrine Salmon, Emma J. Sayer, Nicole Scheunemann, Cornelia Scholz, Julia Seeber, Yulia B. Shveenkova, Sophya K. Stebaeva, Maria Sterzynska, Xin Sun, Winda I. Susanti, Anastasia A. Taskaeva, Madhav P. Thakur, Maria A. Tsiafouli, Matthew S. Turnbull, Mthokozisi N. Twala, Alexei V. Uvarov, Lisa A. Venier, Lina A. Widenfalk, Bruna R. Winck, Daniel Winkler, Donghui Wu, Zhijing Xie, Rui Yin, Douglas Zeppelini, Thomas W. Crowther, Nico Eisenhauer, and Stefan Scheu

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Springtails are omnipresent soil arthropods, vital for ecosystems. In the first global assessment of springtails, this study shows a 20-fold biomass difference between the tundra and the tropics, with distinct temperature-related patterns for diversity and metabolism that suggest climate change may restructure the functioning of soil biodiversity.

Published
2023
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3. An overview of Estonian woodlice (Isopoda, Oniscidea)

Author

Kaarel Sammet, Getriin Orgusaar, Mari Ivask, and Olavi Kurina

Subjects
Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

An overview of the Estonian terrestrial isopod fauna is given, based on literature data and material collected from 1984 to 2021. The identified material consisted of 10915 specimens belonging to 14 species and collected from 172 localities throughout Estonia. In combination with previous data from the literature data, there are now reliable records of 16 species of woodlice from Estonia. Two species, viz. Platyarthrus hoffmannseggii Brandt, 1833 and Hyloniscus riparius (C. Koch, 1838), are new for the fauna. The latter has probably colonised Estonia recently and range expansions have been reported elsewhere. The data on Philoscia muscorum (Scopoli, 1763) are dubious, and this species is currently excluded from the Estonian list.

Published
2021
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4. Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties

Author

Helen R. P. Phillips, Elizabeth M. Bach, Marie L. C. Bartz, Joanne M. Bennett, Rémy Beugnon, Maria J. I. Briones, George G. Brown, Olga Ferlian, Konstantin B. Gongalsky, Carlos A. Guerra, Birgitta König-Ries, Julia J. Krebs, Alberto Orgiazzi, Kelly S. Ramirez, David J. Russell, Benjamin Schwarz, Diana H. Wall, Ulrich Brose, Thibaud Decaëns, Patrick Lavelle, Michel Loreau, Jérôme Mathieu, Christian Mulder, Wim H. van der Putten, Matthias C. Rillig, Madhav P. Thakur, Franciska T. de Vries, David A. Wardle, Christian Ammer, Sabine Ammer, Miwa Arai, Fredrick O. Ayuke, Geoff H. Baker, Dilmar Baretta, Dietmar Barkusky, Robin Beauséjour, Jose C. Bedano, Klaus Birkhofer, Eric Blanchart, Bernd Blossey, Thomas Bolger, Robert L. Bradley, Michel Brossard, James C. Burtis, Yvan Capowiez, Timothy R. Cavagnaro, Amy Choi, Julia Clause, Daniel Cluzeau, Anja Coors, Felicity V. Crotty, Jasmine M. Crumsey, Andrea Dávalos, Darío J. Díaz Cosín, Annise M. Dobson, Anahí Domínguez, Andrés Esteban Duhour, Nick van Eekeren, Christoph Emmerling, Liliana B. Falco, Rosa Fernández, Steven J. Fonte, Carlos Fragoso, André L. C. Franco, Abegail Fusilero, Anna P. Geraskina, Shaieste Gholami, Grizelle González, Michael J. Gundale, Mónica Gutiérrez López, Branimir K. Hackenberger, Davorka K. Hackenberger, Luis M. Hernández, Jeff R. Hirth, Takuo Hishi, Andrew R. Holdsworth, Martin Holmstrup, Kristine N. Hopfensperger, Esperanza Huerta Lwanga, Veikko Huhta, Tunsisa T. Hurisso, Basil V. Iannone, Madalina Iordache, Ulrich Irmler, Mari Ivask, Juan B. Jesús, Jodi L. Johnson-Maynard, Monika Joschko, Nobuhiro Kaneko, Radoslava Kanianska, Aidan M. Keith, Maria L. Kernecker, Armand W. Koné, Yahya Kooch, Sanna T. Kukkonen, H. Lalthanzara, Daniel R. Lammel, Iurii M. Lebedev, Edith Le Cadre, Noa K. Lincoln, Danilo López-Hernández, Scott R. Loss, Raphael Marichal, Radim Matula, Yukio Minamiya, Jan Hendrik Moos, Gerardo Moreno, Alejandro Morón-Ríos, Hasegawa Motohiro, Bart Muys, Johan Neirynck, Lindsey Norgrove, Marta Novo, Visa Nuutinen, Victoria Nuzzo, P. Mujeeb Rahman, Johan Pansu, Shishir Paudel, Guénola Pérès, Lorenzo Pérez-Camacho, Jean-François Ponge, Jörg Prietzel, Irina B. Rapoport, Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid, Salvador Rebollo, Miguel Á. Rodríguez, Alexander M. Roth, Guillaume X. Rousseau, Anna Rozen, Ehsan Sayad, Loes van Schaik, Bryant Scharenbroch, Michael Schirrmann, Olaf Schmidt, Boris Schröder, Julia Seeber, Maxim P. Shashkov, Jaswinder Singh, Sandy M. Smith, Michael Steinwandter, Katalin Szlavecz, José Antonio Talavera, Dolores Trigo, Jiro Tsukamoto, Sheila Uribe-López, Anne W. de Valença, Iñigo Virto, Adrian A. Wackett, Matthew W. Warren, Emily R. Webster, Nathaniel H. Wehr, Joann K. Whalen, Michael B. Wironen, Volkmar Wolters, Pengfei Wu, Irina V. Zenkova, Weixin Zhang, Erin K. Cameron, and Nico Eisenhauer

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Measurement(s) earthworm communities • Abundance • organic material • Diversity • environmental properties Technology Type(s) digital curation Factor Type(s) location Sample Characteristic - Organism Lumbricina Sample Characteristic - Environment soil Sample Characteristic - Location global Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13399118

Published
2021
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5. Indoor air quality in straw bale and reed buildings

Author

Jane Raamets, Aime Ruus, Mari Ivask, Lembit Nei, and Karin Muoni

Subjects
mould, indoor air, straw-bale walls, reed-bale walls, propagules, Agriculture
Abstract

Straw and reed are natural local insulation- and construction materials, which properties allow them to replace energy intensive building materials. In general, straw and reed as building materials are considered harmless to the environment and human health. Unfortunately, the use of these materials may bring about mould growth in buildings which may result in different diseases (for example irritation of eyes, nose and throat, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma) in people with weaker immune systems. No research has been carried out on the topic of microbiological community in straw and reed houses in climatic conditions similar to Estonia, although buildings made of natural materials are becoming more and more popular. The aims of the study were to investigate the indoor climate of buildings with straw and reed-bale walls and to determine the factors influencing indoor air quality. In order to fulfil the set aim: (1) air quality was tested in the bedrooms of the studied houses, and the microbial species in air and walls were determined; (2) the indoor air quality parameters (CO2, RH%, and temperature) in air and at two different heights in the walls were measured. The results enable to conclude that the walls of straw or reed-bale house are suitable in Estonian climatic conditions, which as a result of professional design, usage of materials suitable for building, and high-quality craftsmanship provides a healthy and environmentally friendly housing.

Published
2020
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6. The Assessment of Soil Quality in Contrasting Land-Use and Tillage Systems on Farm Fields with Stagnic Luvisol Soil in Estonia

Author

Merit Sutri, Merrit Shanskiy, Mari Ivask, and Endla Reintam

Subjects
earthworms, minimum tillage, no-tillage, soil physical properties, water-stable aggregates (WSA), Agriculture (General), S1-972
Abstract

Soil quality indicates the soil’s ability to provide ecosystem services. Reducing the tillage intensity has been suggested as an alternative to conventional tillage for sustaining soil quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of soil tillage systems on individual soil quality indicators in comparison to those on grassland with Stagnic Luvisol soil in Estonia. Four soil management systems were compared: no-tillage (NT), minimum tillage (MT), conventional tillage (CT) and grassland (G) as a reference. Soil quality indicators included physical (bulk density, water-stable aggregates, porosity, air-filled pores, moisture content, water-holding capacity, penetration resistance and water permeability), chemical (total N, total soil organic C, permanganate oxidisable C, pH, P, K, Ca and Mg) and biological (earthworm abundance) parameters. CT soils had a significantly lower aggregate stability compared to MT and G soils. The higher penetration resistance of CT under an arable layer suggested the presence of a plough pan. NT improved the soil’s physical quality at 5–10 cm, which was indicated by higher moisture content, water-holding capacity and porosity and a lower bulk density, whereas penetration resistance exceeded 2 MPa in the lower part of the topsoil. NT also had significantly lower total soil organic C and total N compared to MT and G. The absence of tillage in the NT and G systems may have improved the soil’s resistance to moisture loss under dry conditions, which, in turn, improved the soil habitability for earthworms a despite higher density. In general, NT or MT stabilised or increased the soil quality compared to CT.

Published
2022
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7. A synopsis of Estonian myriapod fauna (Myriapoda: Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Symphyla and Pauropoda)

Author

Kaarel Sammet, Mari Ivask, and Olavi Kurina

Subjects
Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

The data on Estonian Myriapoda are scattered in various publications and there has been no overview of the fauna up to the present. A critical summary of the previous information on Estonian Myriapoda is given, supplemented by new records and distribution maps. Altogether, 5784 specimens from 276 collecting sites were studied. To the hitherto recorded 14 centipede species are added Lithobius melanops, L. microps, Geophilus carpophagus, G. flavus, Strigamia transsilvanica and Stenotaenia linearis, a probably introduced species. Of the 27 published Estonian millipede species, the data on two species proved erroneous, and two new species were recorded (Craspedosoma raulinsii and Cylindroiulus britannicus). Two previously recorded millipede species – Brachyiulus pusillus and Mastigophorophyllon saxonicum – were not found in the recent samples, the latter may have become more rare or extinct. Pauropoda and Symphyla lack previous reliable records. Combined with published data, the number of myriapod species known from Estonia is now set at 52. Some changes in species distribution and frequencies were detected comparing the published data with new records. Some data about habitat preferences of the more common species are also given. The majority of species have a western Palaearctic distribution, while six species are at the northern limit of their ranges.

Published
2018
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9. An overview of Estonian woodlice (Isopoda, Oniscidea)

Author

Getriin Orgusaar, Kaarel Sammet, Mari Ivask, and Olavi Kurina

Subjects
Trichoniscidae, Estonia, Arthropoda, Range (biology), Fauna, Oniscidea, Biological Invasions, range shifts, Faunistics & Distribution, Isopoda, Oniscidae, Animalia, Malacostraca, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trachelipodidae, soil arthropods, biology, Ecology, Species Inventories, biology.organism_classification, Estonian, Biota, language.human_language, Platyarthridae, Checklist, Geography, QL1-991, Ligiidae, Biogeography, language, Porcellionidae, Armadillidiidae, Animal Science and Zoology, Philosciidae, Neogene, Zoology, Soil arthropods
Abstract

An overview of the Estonian terrestrial isopod fauna is given, based on literature data and material collected from 1984 to 2021. The identified material consisted of 10915 specimens belonging to 14 species and collected from 172 localities throughout Estonia. In combination with previous data from the literature data, there are now reliable records of 16 species of woodlice from Estonia. Two species, viz. Platyarthrus hoffmannseggii Brandt, 1833 and Hyloniscus riparius (C. Koch, 1838), are new for the fauna. The latter has probably colonised Estonia recently and range expansions have been reported elsewhere. The data on Philoscia muscorum (Scopoli, 1763) are dubious, and this species is currently excluded from the Estonian list.

Published
2021

10. Globally invariant metabolism but density-diversity mismatch in springtails

Author

Anton M. Potapov, Carlos A. Guerra, Johan van den Hoogen, Anatoly Babenko, Bruno C. Bellini, Matty P. Berg, Steven L. Chown, Louis Deharveng, Ľubomír Kováč, Natalia A. Kuznetsova, Jean-François Ponge, Mikhail B. Potapov, David J. Russell, Douglas Alexandre, Juha M. Alatalo, Javier I. Arbea, Ipsa Bandyopadhyay, Verónica Bernava, Stef Bokhorst, Thomas Bolger, Gabriela Castaño-Meneses, Matthieu Chauvat, Ting-Wen Chen, Mathilde Chomel, Aimee T. Classen, Jerome Cortet, Peter Čuchta, Ana Manuela de la Pedrosa, Susana S. D. Ferreira, Cristina Fiera, Juliane Filser, Oscar Franken, Saori Fujii, Essivi Gagnon Koudji, Meixiang Gao, Benoit Gendreau-Berthiaume, Diego F. Gomez-Pamies, Michelle Greve, I. Tanya Handa, Charlène Heiniger, Martin Holmstrup, Pablo Homet, Mari Ivask, Charlene Janion-Scheepers, Malte Jochum, Sophie Joimel, Bruna Claudia S. Jorge, Edite Jucevica, Luís Carlos Iuñes de Oliveira Filho, Osmar Klauberg-Filho, Dilmar Baretta, Eveline J. Krab, Annely Kuu, Estevam C. A. de Lima, Dunmei Lin, Amy Liu, Jing-Zhong Lu, María José Luciañez, Michael T. Marx, Matthew M. McCary, Maria A. Minor, Taizo Nakamori, Ilaria Negri, Raúl Ochoa-Hueso, José G. Palacios-Vargas, Melanie M. Pollierer, Pascal Querner, Natália Raschmanová, Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid, Laura J. Raymond-Léonard, Laurent Rousseau, Ruslan A. Saifutdinov, Sandrine Salmon, Emma J. Sayer, Nicole Scheunemann, Cornelia Scholz, Julia Seeber, Yulia B. Shveenkova, Sophya K. Stebaeva, Maria Sterzynska, Xin Sun, Winda I Susanti, Anastasia A. Taskaeva, Madhav P. Thakur, Maria A. Tsiafouli, Matthew S. Turnbull, Mthokozisi N. Twala, Alexei V. Uvarov, Lisa A. Venier, Lina A. Widenfalk, Bruna R. Winck, Daniel Winkler, Donghui Wu, Zhijing Xie, Rui Yin, Douglas Zeppelini, Thomas W. Crowther, Nico Eisenhauer, and Stefan Scheu

Abstract

Soil life supports the functioning and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems1, 2. Springtails (Collembola) are among the most abundant soil animals regulating soil fertility and flow of energy through above- and belowground food webs3–5. However, the global distribution of springtail diversity and density, and how these relate to energy fluxes remains unknown. Here, using a global dataset collected from 2,470 sites, we estimate total soil springtail biomass at 29 Mt carbon (threefold higher than wild terrestrial vertebrates6) and record peak densities up to 2 million individuals per m² in the Arctic. Despite a 20-fold biomass difference between tundra and the tropics, springtail energy use (community metabolism) remains similar across the latitudinal gradient, owing to the increase in temperature. Neither springtail density nor community metabolism were predicted by local species richness, which was highest in the tropics, but comparably high in some temperate forests and even tundra. Changes in springtail activity may emerge from latitudinal gradients in temperature, predation7, 8, and resource limitation7, 9, 10 in soil communities. Contrasting temperature responses of biomass, diversity and activity of springtail communities suggest that climate warming will alter fundamental soil biodiversity metrics in different directions, potentially restructuring terrestrial food webs and affecting major soil functions.

Published
2022
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11. Combining bioenergy and nature conservation: An example in wetlands

Author

Mohan Geetha, Katrin Heinsoo, Mari Ivask, Indrek Melts, and Kazuhiko Takeuchi

Subjects
Sustainable development, geography, Peat, geography.geographical_feature_category, Floodplain, biology, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Range (biology), Agroforestry, 020209 energy, Biomass, Wetland, 02 engineering and technology, biology.organism_classification, Bioenergy, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Environmental science, Canary grass
Abstract

Conservation and restoration are crucial to maintaining a wide range of functions and services in wetlands, but it is difficult to find a reasonable and resource-efficient management option without sacrificing ecological values. In the present paper, we analyse the variability and dynamics of the chemical composition and energy potential of biomass from reedbeds, floodplain meadows, coastal meadows and reed canary grass cultivation in extracted peatlands. We observed that the chemical characteristics that are crucial for bioenergy production vary by biomass origin and over time. The bioenergy potential depends on biomass production and on the conversion method. The results indicate that the energy potential ranges from 122 to 190 GJ/ha per year in semi-natural floodplain meadows in the boreal zone. About 160 GJ/ha per year can be obtained from natural reedbeds but only about 120 GJ/ha per year from cultivated extracted peatlands. Using methane conversion, we can obtain only about 50%, and using ethanol conversion we can obtain less than 20% of the total energy potential of the herbaceous biomass of floodplain meadows. Although long-term studies on homo- and heterogeneous biomass production are required, we conclude that the local biomass of natural, semi-natural and artificial wetlands could contribute significantly to sustainable development.

Published
2019
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12. Chilopoda and Diplopoda of semi natural flooded meadows in Matsalu, Estonia

Author

Jane Raamets, Annely Kuu, Mart Meriste, Mari Ivask, Sander Kutti, and Anneli Palo

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Brackish water, biology, Ecology, National park, Soil Science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Geography, Habitat, Abundance (ecology), 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Ecosystem, Species richness, Julus terrestris, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Invertebrate
Abstract

In Matsalu National Park a flood is a natural disturbance which shapes ecosystems and communities. The impact of human activities (e.g. extensive mowing once a year or low stress grazing) on the habitat in this area is low. The disturbances are caused by natural conditions such as melting snow, precipitation and brackish sea water and the presence of flood is supported by flat relief. The aim of the current study was to describe the Chilopoda and Diplopoda assemblages of semi natural meadows and to find out the effect of habitat conditions on these invertebrates. On the 12 studied meadows we sampled and analysed soil invertebrates by using pitfall traps in the non-flooded and flooded areas of meadows. The individuals of 10 Chilopoda species and 15 Diplopoda species, which assemblages were more abundant and diverse in the non-flooded areas of meadows with trees and bushes nearby, were collected on semi natural meadows in Matsalu. Only a few species were represented in abundance on studied meadows including Leptoiulus proximus, L. cibdellus, Julus terrestris, J. scanicus. The species Pachymerium ferrugineum, Schendyla nemorensis, Julus terrestris, J. scanicus, Leptoiulus cibdellus, Xestoiulus laeticollis were also found in the areas flooded with brackish water. The activity density and species richness of Chilopoda and Diplopoda were significantly lower in the flooded areas of the meadow after flood water withdrawal compared to the non-flooded areas of the same meadows.

Published
2019
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13. A synopsis of Estonian myriapod fauna (Myriapoda: Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Symphyla and Pauropoda)

Author

Olavi Kurina, Mari Ivask, and Kaarel Sammet

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Estonia, Arthropoda, Fauna, Species distribution, 010607 zoology, Myriapoda, Nephrozoa, Zoology, Protostomia, Introduced species, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Circumscriptional names of the taxon under, Biological Invasions, Pauropoda, Common species, Diplopoda, lcsh:Zoology, distribution, Bilateria, Animalia, Symphyla, lcsh:QL1-991, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biology, Cenozoic, check list, Millipede, Cephalornis, Species Inventories, biology.organism_classification, soil invertebrates, Checklist, Geography, Biogeography, Notchia, Ecdysozoa, Animal Science and Zoology, Chilopoda, Coelenterata
Abstract

The data on Estonian Myriapoda are scattered in various publications and there has been no overview of the fauna up to the present. A critical summary of the previous information on Estonian Myriapoda is given, supplemented by new records and distribution maps. Altogether, 5784 specimens from 276 collecting sites were studied. To the hitherto recorded 14 centipede species are addedLithobiusmelanops,L.microps,Geophiluscarpophagus,G.flavus,StrigamiatranssilvanicaandStenotaenialinearis, a probably introduced species. Of the 27 published Estonian millipede species, the data on two species proved erroneous, and two new species were recorded (CraspedosomaraulinsiiandCylindroiulusbritannicus). Two previously recorded millipede species –BrachyiuluspusillusandMastigophorophyllonsaxonicum– were not found in the recent samples, the latter may have become more rare or extinct. Pauropoda and Symphyla lack previous reliable records. Combined with published data, the number of myriapod species known from Estonia is now set at 52. Some changes in species distribution and frequencies were detected comparing the published data with new records. Some data about habitat preferences of the more common species are also given. The majority of species have a western Palaearctic distribution, while six species are at the northern limit of their ranges.

Published
2018

14. Springtails of flooded meadows along Matsalu Bay and the Kasari River, Estonia

Author

Mari Ivask, Siim Kilki, Jane Raamets, Sander Kutti, Anneli Palo, Mart Meriste, and Annely Kuu

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, geography, Soil salinity, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Brackish water, Floodplain, Ecology, Soil Science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Podura aquatica, biology.organism_classification, Springtail, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Habitat, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Bay, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

The brackish conditions of the Baltic Sea create special habitats in coastal meadow soils surrounding Matsalu Bay. The floodplains of the Kasari River are periodically flooded by fresh water. In the eastern part of Matsalu Bay and in the delta of the river, brackish and fresh water can be mixed due to strong winds from the west or due to exceptionally large amounts of fresh water flowing from the river in the spring. The aim of this study was to find out how flood and habitat soil salinity influence the abundance and diversity of springtail communities on flooded meadows. The studied meadows were grouped to four types by distance of study sites from the open sea and by soil electroconductivity: fresh floodplain, wet floodplain, transitional and coastal grasslands. Springtail communities on temporarily flooded meadows along Matsalu Bay and the Kasari River consist of 20 − 30 species per meadow type, species Metaphorura affinis, Willemia anophthalma, Brachystomella parvula, Folsomia quadrioculata were abundant in soil of all types of meadows. Our results confirmed that flooding is an important factor in shaping soil communities. Long-term flood had strong negative effect on springtail communities’ abundance and diversity. However, there was no such negative effect of flood on meadows with shorter flooding period, for several species the flood was positive factor increasing the abundance. Flooding brackish sea water is the reason for higher electroconductivity of meadow soils negatively influencing the diversity of springtail communities. The abundance of several species was the highest in soil of coastal grasslands (Agrenia bidenticulata, Folsomia sexoculata, Podura aquatica, Sminthurides schoetti) despite the higher salinity of soil. The impact of flood duration on the composition of communities by life forms seemed to be less important than the impact of soil salinity, saline soil was not a suitable habitat for euedaphic springtails.

Published
2018
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15. Ground-Dwelling Spider Fauna of Flooded Meadows in Matsalu, Estonia

Author

Aveliina Helm, Mari Ivask, and Mart Meriste

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, geography, Spider, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Floodplain, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Fauna, Biodiversity, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Colonisation, Linyphiidae, Habitat, Environmental Chemistry, Biological dispersal, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Traditionally managed and unregulated floodplain meadows are characterised by high and habitat-specific biodiversity. In most parts of Europe, however, these habitats are almost completely lost. Despite possessing high importance in conservation, little is known about the dynamics of important species groups in those valuable communities. Here, we studied the diversity and composition of ground-dwelling spider fauna in ten sites of temporarily flooded semi-natural grasslands in the Matsalu Bay, Western Estonia. As fluctuation of aquatic and terrestrial phases is the strongest factor determining the environmental conditions in flooded coastal and floodplain meadows, we estimated the effect of floods on spider diversity and composition. Studied grasslands were characterized by opportunistic, eurytopic and hydrophilic spider species that are also abundant in other disturbed habitats. Most species belonged to families characterised by species with good dispersal ability (Linyphiidae and Lycosidae). Average ecological flexibility of spiders (i.e. number of preferred habitats) increased, while activity density of spiders declined towards the sea, where floods are more frequent and more saline. Our results indicate that the spider fauna of floodplain meadows is dependent on flooding regime and is likely re-structured after major flooding events via colonisation from nearby habitats.

Published
2016
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16. Assessment of Indoor Air Quality and Hygrothermal Conditions of Boarders During Autumn, Winter and Spring in Two of Estonian Straw-Bale Houses

Author

Jane Raamets, Aime Ruus, and Mari Ivask

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Humidity, Iso standards, Straw, biology.organism_classification, Toxicology, Human health, Indoor air quality, Data logger, Spring (hydrology), Environmental science, Cladosporium
Abstract

Indoor air quality affects human health. These effects can be either positive of negative. Straw bale building has been claimed as a sustainable way of building. The aim of this study was to evaluate indoor air quality in two of Estonian straw bale houses and provide solution of monitoring for indoor air quality and hygrothermal conditions of boarders as complex. Samples were collected between October 2014 til March 2015. Sampling media and procedure was designed according to ISO standard 16000-18: Detection and enumeration of moulds—Sampling by impaction. Data loggers for collecting the data about CO2, temperature and humidity were also used. Two of them (recorded temperature and humidity) were installed inside the wall (depth ~20 cm), the third logger was used as a desktop logger. We also collected some straw samples inside the wall to see which kind of microorganisms are living on them. Samples were plated, total colony forming units were counted and identified from the isolated colonies. The results from air samples (CFU) were in one house higher than in the other one. Temperature, humidity and CO2 levels were also higher in one house. This is probably affected by the different building characteristics (one of the houses is modular wall straw bale house, the other one is timber frame straw bale house). Species, which we found, were similar in both houses. The most fungal genes isolated from samples were Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria and Cladosporium.

Published
2018
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18. Herbage production and chemical characteristics for bioenergy production by plant functional groups from semi-natural grasslands

Author

Mari Ivask, Katrin Heinsoo, and Indrek Melts

Subjects
Biomass (ecology), geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, chemistry.chemical_element, Forestry, Nitrogen, Grassland, Agronomy, chemistry, Agriculture, Bioenergy, Yield (wine), Environmental science, Alluvium, business, Waste Management and Disposal, Agronomy and Crop Science, Chemical composition
Abstract

The current paper is devoted to biomass yield and proportion, chemical composition and energy yield by functional groups in different semi-natural grassland types. The study was performed for three grassland types in Estonia which were represented by five NATURA 2000 meadows each. The highest yield was obtained from alluvial meadows followed by mesic and wooded meadows. Hence, the largest amount of other herbs was found from alluvial meadows, even if the proportion of this functional group was dominant in wooded meadows. The contribution of the sedges&rushes was the largest in alluvial meadows. The grasses were prevalent in mesic meadows. The legumes were growing in all studied grassland types in small amounts. Nitrogen content in legumes differed significantly from other studied functional groups, but no significant differences between functional groups in other chemical (Cl and S) contents were found. The other herbs had the highest ash content and the lowest calorific value contrary to the sedges&rushes with the lowest ash content and the highest calorific value. The highest area-specific energy potential was calculated for alluvial meadows followed by mesic and wooded meadows. The energy potential depends more on the amount of biomass than the calorific value of particular functional group. Improved knowledge about the functional groups and their chemical content enables to promote and optimise alternative usage of this late harvested mixed biomass from semi-natural grasslands for bioenergy production.

Published
2014
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19. Biodiversity composition reflects the history of ancient semi-natural woodland and forest habitats—Compilation of an indicator complex for restoration practice

Author

Mari Ivask, Anneli Palo, and Jaan Liira

Subjects
geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Biodiversity, General Decision Sciences, Woodland, Grassland, Ecological indicator, Geography, Deciduous, Habitat, Habitats Directive, Restoration ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

For centuries, Fennoscandian wooded meadows and woodland pastures (Habitats Directive habitat types *6530 and 9070 respectively) covered large areas of Northern Europe. In the Twentieth Century, abandonment-driven encroachment has led to the wooded grasslands changing into what may be considered as old-growth deciduous forests. The present paper examined whether the present stand structure and the composition of three contrasting functional groups (herbaceous layer vascular plants, epiphytic bryophytes, and earthworms) could serve as indicators of the historic origin of the forest patches, i.e. to what extent changes in ecological conditions in overgrown woodlands have shifted towards broad-leaved forests with ancient trees. Indicators were tested for the objective of restoration planning of habitat quality, i.e. whether semi-open woodlands could be restored or if it would be more appropriate to preserve them as broad-leaved forests. The study was carried out by comparing the composition of ancient forest cores, forest edges and overgrown wooded grasslands. The land use history of sample sites was examined from historical topographical maps and aerial photos. The results showed that as long as 60 years after abandonment, parts of the studied forests still retained some light-demanding plant species characteristic of historical wooded grasslands. The composition of earthworm communities was similar in all of the studied historical forest groups. Only some of the stand structure characteristics and epiphytic mosses indicated that there were differences between ancient forest cores and overgrown wooded grasslands. We conclude that the combination of various functional indicators should be used in the evaluation of successional woodlands for habitat restoration.

Published
2013
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20. Effect of flooding by fresh and brackish water on earthworm communities along Matsalu Bay and the Kasari River

Author

Mari Ivask, Mart Meriste, Annely Kuu, Sander Kutti, and Eduard Sizov

Subjects
Delta, Shore, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Brackish water, biology, Ecology, Earthworm, Soil Science, Wetland, Estuary, biology.organism_classification, Microbiology, Oceanography, Habitat, Insect Science, Environmental science, Bay
Abstract

The continuum of Matsalu Bay and the Kasari River located on the east coast of the Baltic Sea represents a complex mosaic of marine, coastal and inland wetlands (shallow sea waters, estuarine waters, coastal lagoons, an inland delta and flooded meadows). Earthworm communities were studied at five sites on the southern shore of Matsalu Bay and the banks of the Kasari River under different salt water regimes (brackish or fresh water). Sample sites were located along a flooding gradient (distance from the sea). Flooding duration appears to have the strongest negative impact on the abundance of earthworm communities, which largely depends on species' tolerance of high moisture content and low soil aeration. The brackish conditions of the Baltic Sea create special habitat conditions; the sea water salinity and periodic flooding have a significant negative impact on earthworm communities.

Published
2012
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22. Reed canary grass yield and fuel quality in Estonian farmers’ fields

Author

Katre Hein, Indrek Melts, Katrin Heinsoo, Bert Holm, and Mari Ivask

Subjects
Peat, biology, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Soil organic matter, Biomass, Forestry, Soil classification, Phalaris arundinacea, biology.organism_classification, complex mixtures, Agronomy, Bioenergy, Soil water, Environmental science, Waste Management and Disposal, Agronomy and Crop Science, Canary grass
Abstract

Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) is one of the possible raw materials for bioenergy production in northern Europe. Its cultivation is favoured because its high productivity and local origin. However, problems with the biomass quality for combustion have been reported. Usually delayed harvest in spring is suggested to improve the quality and decrease the moisture content of biomass. On the other hand, the feasibility of spring harvest depends on local climatic conditions and may cause yield losses. In current paper we studied reed canary grass fields in Estonia locating on different soil types and cultivated with various varieties. The influence of several fertilisation schemes on biomass yield was analysed. Our results indicated that production was higher on mineral soils than on the organic soil of abandoned peat extraction sites. Even different types of fertilisation did not increase the production on organic soils to the level comparable to those on mineral soils. Among studied varieties 'Venture' had the highest production. The highest yield per area was obtained late in the autumn (12.7 t d.w. per ha and 7.2 t d.w. per ha on mineral and organic soils, respectively). By spring the amount of biomass had decreased in all studied sites. Due to wet soil some of the fields remained unharvested, the others had high yield losses during practical harvesting. The chemical analyses did not reveal significant differences in the composition of biomass between late autumn and spring. Therefore we conclude that late autumn harvest should be preferred in local climatic conditions.

Published
2011
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23. Distribution ofOctolasion cyaneum(Savigny, 1826) in Estonia 1993–2008

Author

Annely Kuu and Mari Ivask

Subjects
Geography, business.industry, Ecology, language, Distribution (economics), Animal Science and Zoology, Octolasion cyaneum, Botanical garden, business, Estonian, language.human_language
Abstract

The aim of the paper is to give an overview about distribution of the endogeic species Octalasion cyaneum (Savigny, 1826) in Estonia. First time, this endogeic species was found in 1980s in the Tallinn Botanical Garden (Northern-Estonia). The new results show that O. cyaneum is slowly expanding into Estonian territory and becoming more abundant.

Published
2010
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24. Invertebrate communities (Annelida and epigeic fauna) in three types of Estonian cultivated soils

Author

Mart Meriste, Valmar Vaater, Mari Ivask, Marika Truu, Annely Kuu, and Jaak Truu

Subjects
Regosol, Soil texture, Ecology, Soil biodiversity, Insect Science, Soil biology, Soil water, Soil Science, Soil classification, Epigeal, Biology, Soil type, Microbiology
Abstract

The abundance and diversity of invertebrate communities (annelids and epigeic fauna) in three types of cultivated soils were studied. Soil biota communities in the three most widespread soil types in Estonia (Calcaric Regosols, Calcaric Cambisols and Stagnic Luvisols) are influenced by environmental conditions, the factors connected to soil texture including moisture, organic matter content and pH being the most essential, and by the intensity of agricultural practice. Potentially high biological activity and low intensity of agricultural human activity of Calcaric Regosols occurs in parameters of communities of organisms not sensitive to soil which dries off, i.e. epigeic fauna living on the soil surface and preferring dry and warm habitat; temporarily dried off soil is not a suitable habitat for Oligochaeta. Both groups of Oligochaeta (earthworms, enchytraeids) appear to prefer Calcaric Cambisols where soil moisture conditions are more stable. The abundance of invertebrate communities is the highest and the diversity is the lowest in Stagnic Luvisols. Some trends occurred in community characteristics along the soil surface following a hypothetical gradient; the number of carabids per trap and diversity of spiders decreased from the edge to the centre of the field. The results presented here on spatial variability in distribution of soil organisms are preliminary.

Published
2008
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25. Soil microbiological and biochemical properties for assessing the effect of agricultural management practices in Estonian cultivated soils

Author

Marika Truu, Mari Ivask, and Jaak Truu

Subjects
Regosol, Soil Science, Biomass, Soil classification, Soil science, Crop rotation, Soil type, complex mixtures, Microbiology, Soil respiration, Agronomy, Insect Science, Soil water, Organic farming, Environmental science
Abstract

A set of soil microbiological and biochemical properties was used to assess the influence of agricultural practices such as rotation, usage of pesticides, and fertilizers on the three most widespread soil types (Calcaric Regosols, Calcaric Cambisols and Stagnic Luvisols) in the fields of horticultural farms throughout Estonia. Microbial biomass, dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activity were significantly higher in Calcaric Regosols, whereas measured soil chemical parameters showed practically no difference among soil types. Multivariate exploratory analysis of soil biochemical and microbiological parameters clearly distinguished soils with different management practices when the effect of soil type was taken into account in data analysis. Activity of dehydrogenase, potential nitrification, N-mineralisation, and microbial biomass contributed most strongly to the differentiation of soils from differently managed fields. Soils managed according to organic farming principles were generally characterized by elevated microbiological parameter values, but at the same time the variation of those parameters among soils from these fields was also highest. The application of organic manure positively affected microbial biomass, N-mineralisation, potential nitrification, dehydrogenase and acidic phosphatase activity. Data analysis indicated that the amount of mineral nitrogen fertilizers added over time has a stronger effect on microbial biomass than the amount added in a given year. Legume-based crop rotation increased soil respiration and microbial biomass.

Published
2008
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26. Abundance of earthworm species in Estonian arable soils

Author

Mari Ivask, Annely Kuu, and Eduard Sizov

Subjects
biology, Ecology, Earthworm, Soil Science, Species diversity, Allolobophora chlorotica, biology.organism_classification, Lumbricus rubellus, Microbiology, Tillage, Abundance (ecology), Insect Science, Aporrectodea rosea, Lumbricus terrestris
Abstract

Specific composition of earthworm community has indicative value for evaluating the impact of agricultural practice on soil. The occurrence of species only like Aporrectodea caliginosa, Aporrectodea rosea, Lumbricus rubellus tolerant to disturbance is the result of intensive tillage and agricultural practice or the influence of strong limiting ecological factor. A community including more sensitive species Lumbricus terrestris and Aporrectodea longa, or the most sensitive species Allolobophora chlorotica and Lumbricus castaneus, indicates more favourable conditions of habitat.

Published
2007
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27. Earthworm communities of flooded grasslands in Matsalu, Estonia

Author

Annely Kuu, Aivar Leito, Marika Truu, Jaak Truu, and Mari Ivask

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Floodplain, biology, Flood myth, Ecology, Flooding (psychology), Earthworm, Soil Science, Species diversity, biology.organism_classification, Microbiology, Grassland, Insect Science, Littoral zone, Environmental science, Global biodiversity
Abstract

Earthworm communities in the soil of flooded (coastal and floodplain grasslands) and non-flooded (boreo-nemoral) meadows were studied. The average number of species in coastal and floodplain meadows was low, earthworm communities of boreo-nemoral meadows were diverse and the average number of species was high. Specific composition of earthworm communities varied between the three types of meadows. Earthworm communities of flooded meadows possess specific characteristics being low in both numbers and species due to periodical anaerobic conditions during over flooding and negative effect of sea water in coastal meadows.

Published
2007
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28. Soil biota indicators for monitoring the Estonian agri-environmental programme

Author

Are Kaasik, Mari Ivask, Kalev Sepp, Argo Peepson, and Merit Mikk

Subjects
Agroecosystem, Geography, Ecology, Intensive farming, Environmental protection, Soil biology, Extensive farming, Biodiversity, Animal Science and Zoology, Biota, Agronomy and Crop Science, Bioindicator, Accession
Abstract

The mandatory implementation of agri-environmental programmes (AEP) during the accession to the EU was a major policy development in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. In Estonia the development of the AEP began in 1997 and the implementation of the AEP in pilot areas was launched in 2001. By this time, evaluation and monitoring methodologies of AEP had been elaborated. This paper summarises the Estonian AEP applied in 2001–2003 and presents selected indicators of biodiversity. The main focus is on the analysis of selected indicators of soil biota. Soil bioindicators (abundance, diversity, and ecological composition of earthworm communities and hydrolytical activity of the microbial community) were measured in 2001 and 2002. Two pilot areas of the AEP (Palamuse, representing a municipality with intensive agriculture, and Kihelkonna–Lumanda, representing extensive agriculture) and two reference areas where the AEP was not implemented (Mustjala and Saare municipalities) were investigated. Ten farms in both pilot areas and five in both reference areas were studied. There were differences in the abundance and number of earthworm species between Palamuse (intensive agriculture) and Saaremaa (extensive) pilot areas, but these were not statistically significant. However, the differences in the hydrolytical activity of the microbial community between Palamuse and Saaremaa pilot areas were statistically significant (p

Published
2005
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29. [Untitled]

Author

Tõnu Möls, Henn Timm, and Mari Ivask

Subjects
Pollution, Hydrology, Ecology, Fauna, media_common.quotation_subject, STREAMS, Aquatic Science, Benthic zone, Environmental science, Spatial variability, Water quality, Water pollution, media_common, Biotic index
Abstract

A survey was started in 1990 of the benthic macroinvertebrate community and water quality in some Estonian streams affected by organic pollution, especially the spreading of slurry on fields. The study was expanded during 1991–1998 to involve 47 sampling sites. Long-term dependence was tested using the SAS/GLM contrast statement. All biological indices used (BMWP-ASPT, number of ASPT scoring families (NASPT), Danish Fauna Index, Belgian Biotic Index, EPT-index) were significantly related to the degree of organic pollution. Compared with the reference sites, the test sites revealed significantly lower water quality: higher BOD7, total P and NH4; lower pH and all hydrobiological indices. Season and stream size at the sampling site (expressed in km from the stream source) had significant effects on both hydrochemical and hydrobiological variables. On the contrary, discharge and precipitation had no significant influence on the studied water quality indicators, with the exception of pH in a few cases. At the same time, all but three variables for the reference and the test sites were different at the beginning of the sampling period; this difference remained only for a few sensitive indices such as ASPT and Danish Fauna Index at the end of the period, indicating general improvement in the environment.

Published
2001
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30. Transformation of Nutrients and Organic Matter in Vermicomposting of Sewage Sludge and Kitchen Wastes

Author

Egge Haiba, Annely Kuu, Lembit Nei, Jane Peda, Sander Kutti, Mari Ivask, and Lilian Olle

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Potassium, chemistry.chemical_element, engineering.material, Pulp and paper industry, Nitrogen, Nutrient, chemistry, Agronomy, visual_art, engineering, visual_art.visual_art_medium, population characteristics, Environmental science, Organic matter, Dry matter, Sawdust, Vermicompost, Sludge
Abstract

This study was conducted to compare how the nutrients and organic matter content in household kitchen wastes and sewage sludge transform in 120-days vermicomposting experiment. The concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium increased during the experiment. The dry matter content of the composts decreased and the value of pH in the case of kitchen wastes increased and for sewage sludge vermicompost it remained almost unchanged. The amounts of organic matter and nutrients decreased to half of the initial masses, but the concentrations of nutrients increased remarkably both in kitchen wastes and in sewage sludge and sawdust mixtures as a result of vermicomposting. Vermicompost made from kitchen wastes contained 3.3% total nitrogen, 0.7% total phosphorous and 5.8% potassium. In the case of the vermicompost made from sewage sludge and sawdust the corresponding indicators were: 2.4% total nitrogen, 0.2% total phosphorous and 0.3% potassium. Small-scale vermicomposting of both household kitchen wastes and sewage sludge turned to be efficient.

Published
2014
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31. Design of a Transactional Environmental Support System

Author

Mari Ivask, Stratos Arampatzis, C. Rio Carvalho, Z. Andreopoulou, Robert E. Kenward, Jason Papathanasiou, D. Szekely, Kathy H. Hodder, Basak Avcioglu, Engin Gem, Olympia Papadopoulou, Allan D. Watt, R.J.A. Sharp, Kristjan Piirimäe, Sean S. Walls, Sarah L. Turner, Adrian C. Newton, Julie A. Ewald, Ron Smith, Rui Morgado, N. M. Casey, I. Navodaru, Z. Tederko, L. Szemethy, Jan Dick, J. Gallo, G. von Bethlenfalvy, N. Sotherton, and E. Aruvee

Subjects
Process management, Transactional leadership, Business, Environmental support
Abstract

This chapter draws on results from previous chapters, in some cases creating new syntheses by combining information across chapters and including findings of previous projects. Its specific objective is to consolidate all these findings in the design of a system to support transaction of information for environmental assessments and decision support at central and local levels, by local managers of land and species as well as by policymakers. It recognises the need not merely to provide a technological tool, but also to consider demand and supply for information in that tool, the ease of use of the tool, motivation to use the tool and cost of maintaining the tool long-term: a tool that is not desirable, practical, and durable will not last. The chapter therefore first addresses who makes the most decisions, finding not only that local managers of land and species have high need of support, but also that their demand is least met by model-based decision support despite their high capacity to generate data. For this reason a system was designed primarily to accommodate needs of knowledge transfer at local level. Consideration of data quality, ownership, and confidentiality was important, together with scale, uncertainty (and resulting liability) of resulting decision support. All these considerations can be addressed by developing trust in operation of such a system, for which a basis in the civic sector (rather than in private business or government) was recommended. A portal was launched to continue informing all interests of the scope for building and opportunities from use of such a system.

Published
2013
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32. Participatory Development of a Recreational Plan for Laulasmaa Landscape Protection Area, Keila Rural Municipality, Estonia

Author

Kadri Tillemann and Mari Ivask

Subjects
Geography, Plan (drawing), Recreation, Environmental planning, Participatory development
Abstract

The case study in Estonia used automated GPS records to map 2 km and 4 km cycle routes for eco-tourism through a 42 ha protected area. Local authorities, NGOs and citizens participated with great interest in the socio-economic survey and mapping.

Published
2013
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33. Database of Environmental Decision Support Tools

Author

Mari Ivask, Eve Aruvee, and Kristjan Piirimäe

Subjects
Decision support system, Computer science, Decision support tools, Intelligent decision support system, Data mining, computer.software_genre, Data science, computer, R-CAST, Decision analysis
Abstract

This chapter investigates modeling and data sources for environmental decision support for local authorities and private managers. A metadatabase of 198 computerized environmental decision tools was collected using a questionnaire with two sequential web-pages of 4+16 questions (http://tess.ttu.ee/). Half of the software applications are freely downloadable and well described online. The database contains 42 references reported as forestry tools, 50 as agriculture or apiculture tools, and 15 targeting to either amenity areas or tourism and access-based recreation. The most domain-general toolbox, InVEST, integrates models which support management of natural capital, including pollination of crops and production of timber, but is limited in types of natural capital and management situations. Agricultural toolboxes DSSAT and MicroLEIS cover soil quality issues well but ignore management of agricultural landscapes where natural and semi-natural habitats provide wild crop pollination, biocontrol of pests, and other services. The most prominent sustainable forestry toolboxes are UBC-FM and NED-2. The latter contains simulation models and qualitative knowledge bases, but complex forest management conditions require more flexible metamodeling approaches. For the management of recreational sites, no integrated toolkit exists. As most of the existing environmental tools support option assessment, future development should address also earlier decision-making steps.

Published
2013
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34. Nutrient dynamics of riparian ecotones: A case study from the Porijo˜gi River catchment, Estonia

Author

Ülo Mander, Mari Ivask, and Valdo Kuusemets

Subjects
Alnus incana, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biology, Buffer strip, Wetland, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, biology.organism_classification, Alder, Urban Studies, Agronomy, Soil water, Environmental science, Water quality, Surface water, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Riparian zone
Abstract

The transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus was studied in various riparian ecotones of the moraine plain and moraine-hilly landscapes in the Porijo˜gi River catchment area, southern Estonia. Soil water and ground water samples were collected once per month between 1992 and 1993 from piezometers installed between plant communities located along topo-edaphic gradients from moraine uplands to stream valleys at six sites. The production rate, as well as the N and P content in plant biomass from the 1 m2 plots located near the piezometers was analyzed. Results show that various riparian ecotones had a significant influence on soil water quality. In the arable land, the mean annual concentration of total inorganic nitrogen (NH4+NO2+NO2) in piezometer water was 3–40 mg N1−1, but in the grey alder forest (Alnus incana) total inorganic nitrogen never exceeded 1 mg N1−1. The most significant reduction was in the average concentration of NO3-N content which was reduced from 25 mg 1−1 under the arable land to 0.5 mg 1−1 within the alder forest. The average total phosphorus (orthophosphate phosphorus + organic phosphorus) concentration also decreased under the alder stands, being 0.2-1.5 mg P1−1 in the arable land and less than 0.2 mg P 1−1 in the alder forest (less than 0. l mg P1−1 in loamy soils and 0.2 mg P1−1 in sandy soils). Wetland herb communities (Carex elata association and Filipendula ulmaria-Cirsium oleraceum-Aegopodium podagraria community) also had a significant influence on soil water quality. Plant biomass (sum of above- and below-ground biomass) of riparian and wetland communities accumulates up to 70 g N m−2 and up to 6 g P m−2during the growth season. Harvesting of riparian herbaceous communities may remove 20–30% of nutrient input. In the cultivated grasslands on sandy colluvial soils with a deep humus layer and sedge fens the content of NH4-N and total-P in groundwater toplayer significantly increased, rising to 3 mg and 0.5 mg−1, respectively. Also, it has been assumed that vertical penetration of deep groundwater (contaminated with nitrate and phosphate), may increase the nutrient load to surface water bodies, despite the physical presence of a wide buffer zone (e.g. sedge fen) along the river corridor. From the observations of this work, alder forests and/or willow bushes as buffer strips on and adjacent to the stream banks are recommended to control diffuse water quality.

Published
1995
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36. SOIL INVERTEBRATES IN SEMI-COKE HEAPS OF ESTONIAN OIL SHALE INDUSTRY

Author

Anto Raukas, Mart Meriste, Jane Peda, Annely Kuu, Kai Kalda, Mari Ivask, Lembit Nei, and Sander Kutti

Subjects
Moisture, Ecology, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Biology, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Fuel Technology, Environmental chemistry, biology.animal, Lumbricidae, Plant cover, Epigeal, Oil shale, Invertebrate, Asphaltene, Oil shale industry
Abstract

Semi-coke is classified as an environmentally harmful residue of oil shale industry due to its toxic components: several organic and inorganic compounds - oil products, asphaltenes, phenols, PAHs, sulphuric com- pounds. The aim of the present work was to compare the abundances and species compositions of soil invertebrate assemblages (Collembola, Lumbricidae, Araneae, Myriapoda, Coleoptera) in the artificial substrate from vegetated and bare residue sites of semi-coke heaps of Estonian oil shale industry. Invertebrate communities in semi-coke heaps were studied at three heights of each heap slope; all sampling points in the heaps were divided into four groups based on plant cover. The authors concluded that the communities of micro- and macroarthropods and earthworms in oil-shale processing waste heaps were formed under certain conditions - a high pH and extremely low moisture. The presence of several invertebrate groups (springtails, earthworms, epigeic predators, etc.) and soil communities can be used for monitoring the success in restoration.

Published
2015
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37. Nitrogen and phosphorus variation in shallow groundwater and assimilation in plants in complex riparian buffer zones

Author

Krista Lõhmus, Ülo Mander, Valdo Kuusemets, and Mari Ivask

Subjects
Alnus incana, geography, Environmental Engineering, Buffer zone, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Riparian buffer, Nitrogen, Water Pollution, Phosphorus, biology.organism_classification, Waste Disposal, Fluid, Phosphorus metabolism, Trees, Nutrient, Agronomy, Botany, Environmental science, Biomass, Nitrogen cycle, Ecosystem, Water Science and Technology, Riparian zone, Waste disposal, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

The study of purification efficiency and nutrient assimilation in plants was made in two riparian buffer zones with a complex of wet meadow and grey alder (Alnus incana) stand. In the less polluted Porijõgi test site, the 31 m wide buffer zone removed 40% of total nitrogen (total-N) and 78% of total phosphorus (total-P), while a heavily polluted 51 m wide buffer zone in Viiratsi retained 85% of total-N and 84% of total-P. The input of nutrients and purification efficiency displayed a significant relationship. The total-N removal in buffer zone was negative when the input value was less than 0.3 mg l-1 and the purification efficiency was always positive when the input value exceeded 5 mg l-1. The purification efficiency of total-P was positive when the input value exceeded 0.15 mg l-1. Grass vegetation plays an important role in nutrient retention in riparian buffer strips. The maximum phytomass production was measured in Porijõgi site where production of the Filipendula ulmaria community was up to 2,358 g m-2, assimilation of N 32.1 and of P 4.9 g m-2, respectively. This is much higher than the biomass production and N and P uptake of the grey alders (Alnus incana) at the same site - 1,730, 20.5 and 1.5 g m-2, respectively.

Published
2002

39. Decomposition and nitrogen dynamics of fine roots of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) at different sites

Author

Mari Ivask and Krista Lõhmus

Subjects
biology, Chemistry, Biogeochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Picea abies, Seasonality, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Nitrogen, Animal science, Dry weight, Productivity (ecology), Botany, Litter, medicine, Nitrogen cycle
Abstract

Long-term decomposition and nitrogen dynamics of Norway spruce finest (

Published
1995
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40. NOVEL APPROACHES TO BIOINDICATION OF HEAVY METALS IN SOILS CONTAMINATED BY OIL SHALE WASTES

Author

Jaanus Kruusma, Mari Ivask, Lembit Nei, and Annely Kuu

Subjects
Pollution, biology, media_common.quotation_subject, Environmental engineering, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, biology.organism_classification, Fuel Technology, Fly ash, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, Environmental science, Aporrectodea rosea, Bioindicator, Oil shale, Lumbricus terrestris, Oil shale industry, media_common
Abstract

The major sources of heavy metal pollution in Estonia are oil shale industry and oil shale combustion. There is an utmost need to monitorsoil pollution with heavy metals in this region. Earthworms are good accumulators of heavy metals and can be used as bioindicators. Endogeic species Aporrectodea caliginosa and Aporrectodea rosea as well as anecic species Lumbricus terrestris are good bioindicators for Zn(II) and Cu(II) ions in soils contaminated by oil waste or fly ash because of the high level of accumulation of these metals in their tissues. Electrochemical methods were used for the determination of heavy metal ions in earthworms as the amount of the sample needed for the analytical work is from 10 to 100 times smaller, when compared to the traditional methods.

Published
2009
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41. Below-Ground Tree Productivity of a Norway Spruce Forest: A Preliminary Report

Author

E. Rästa, Krista Lõhmus, and Mari Ivask

Subjects
Biomass (ecology), Spruce forest, biology, Productivity (ecology), Agroforestry, Preliminary report, Primary production, Environmental science, Production (economics), Picea abies, Forestry, biology.organism_classification
Abstract

The root production in a 40-year-old spruce stand was studied. Distributions of annual net production and caloricity between different fractions of the below-ground part of the stand have been found. An estimation of fine root productivity is not possible without an estimation of their turnover, that accounts for the major part of net primary production. An experiment has been initiated to determine the decomposition rate of fine roots.

Published
1991
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42. Bull effects on in vitro embryo production quality traits are repeatable and heritable

Author

Grum Gebreyesus Teklewold, Jan Bojsen-Møller Secher, Mogens Sandø Lund, Kasia Kupisiewicz, Mari Ivask, and Guosheng Su

Abstract

In this study, in vitro production of embryos (IVP) was performed using oocytes aspirated from slaughterhouse ovaries and fertilized with ejaculates from 123 bulls aged between 10- and 92 months at semen collection. The restricted maximum likelihood approach was used to estimate genetic parameters for embryo production quality traits including blastocyst rate, hatch rate and an index trait combining Blastocyst rate, Kinetic Score, and Morphology score (BLxMxK). A total of 259 records were available for analysis. The results indicate that bulls at a younger age had better performances in all the studied IVP traits compared to bulls at later ages. The results also show low to high heritability and moderate to high repeatability for the IVP traits, suggesting the possibility of implementing selective breeding of bulls for better IVP performance.

43. Presence of fluoroquinolones and sulfonamides in urban sewage sludge and their degradation as a result of composting

Author

S. V. Litvin, Annely Kuu, Viljar Pihl, Mari Ivask, Sander Kutti, Sergei N. Yurchenko, Merike Lillenberg, Lembit Nei, Rünno Lõhmus, Karin Kipper, and Koit Herodes

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Chemistry, Compost, fungi, Sulfadimethoxine, engineering.material, complex mixtures, Soil contamination, Waste treatment, Environmental chemistry, medicine, engineering, Environmental Chemistry, Sewage sludge treatment, Ecotoxicology, Fertilizer, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Sludge, medicine.drug
Abstract

The concentrations of some widely used pharmaceuticals, namely fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin C17 H18FN3O3, norfloxacin C17 H18FN3O3 and ofloxacin C18 H20FN3O4 and sulfonamides (sulfadimethoxine C12 H14N4O4s and sulfamethoxazole C10 H11N3O3S were determined in urban sewage sludge utilized for making compost. The levels of degradation of these pharmaceuticals resulting from sludge treatment were assessed. The concentrations of the studied pharmaceuticals sufficiently varied both in sewage sludge and in compost and due to this phenomenon the possible danger resulting from the presence of pharmaceuticals in sewage sludge, used for composting, can not be ignored. The concentrations of the studied pharmaceuticals were lower in compost, if compared to the relevant concentrations in sewage sludge. The highest pharmaceutical concentration in sewage sludge — 426 μg/kg — was detected in the case of ciprofloxacin. The highest concentrations present in compost were 22 μg/kg of norfloxacin and 20 μg/kg of ciprofloxacin. Results show that before using the sewage sludge for making compost or before using the compost a fertilizer for food plants, they should be carefully tested against the content of commonly used pharmaceuticals.

45. Impact of soil management practices on the abundance and diversity of the soil earthworm community

Author

Kuu, Annely, Mari Ivask, Merit Sutri, Kaire Loit, Marian Pöldmets, Merrit Shanskiy, Ivask, Mari, Sutri, Merit, Loit, Kaire, and Pöldmets, Marian

Subjects
Soil management, Soil, Soil earthworm
Abstract

Impact of soil management practices on the abundance and diversity of the soil earthworm community This work was funded by the European Commission Horizon 2020 project SoildiverAgro [grant agreement 817819].

Published
2022
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46. Regional variability of European earthworm communities under different farming systems

Author

María Jesús Iglesias Briones, Nuutinen, Visa, Schrader, Stefan, Dekemati, Igor, Grujić, Nikola, Ivask, Mari, Lassen, Simon Bo, Lloret, Eva, Simon, Barbara, De Sutter, Nancy, Brandt, Kristian, Peltoniemi, Krista, Shanskiy, Merritt, Waeyenberge, Lieven, Zornoza, Raúl, Calviño, David Fernández, Visa Nuutinen, Stefan Schrader, Igor Dekemati, Nikola Grujić, Mari Ivask, Simon Bo Lassen, Eva lloret, Barbara Simon, Nancy de Sutter, Kristian Brandt, Krista Peltoniemi, Merritt Shanskiy, Lieven Waeyenberge, Raúl Zornoza, and David Fernández Calviño

Subjects
Regional Variability, Earthworm
Abstract

Regional variability of European earthworm communities under different farming systems This work was funded by the European Commission Horizon 2020 project SoildiverAgro [grant agreement 817819].

Published
2022
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47. Ecological groups of earthworms

Author

Annely Kuu, Ivask, Mari, Sutri, Merit, Loit, Kaire, Pöder, Anne, Roosi Soosaar, Merrit Shanskiy, Mari Ivask, Merit Sutri, Kaire Loit, and Anne Pöder

Subjects
Earthworms, Ecological Groups
Abstract

Ecological groups of earthworms This work was funded by the European Commission Horizon 2020 project SoildiverAgro [grant agreement 817819].

Published
2022
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48. Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties

Author

Phillips, Helen R. P., Bach, Elizabeth M., Bartz, Marie L. C., Bennett, Joanne M., Beugnon, Rémy, Briones, Maria J. I., Brown, George G., Ferlian, Olga, Gongalsky, Konstantin B., Guerra, Carlos A., König-Ries, Birgitta, Krebs, Julia J., Orgiazzi, Alberto, Ramirez, Kelly S., Russell, David J., Schwarz, Benjamin, Wall, Diana H., Brose, Ulrich, Decaëns, Thibaud, Lavelle, Patrick, Loreau, Michel, Mathieu, Jérôme, Mulder, Christian, van der Putten, Wim H., Rillig, Matthias C., Thakur, Madhav P., de Vries, Franciska T., Wardle, David A., Ammer, Christian, Ammer, Sabine, Arai, Miwa, Ayuke, Fredrick O., Baker, Geoff H., Baretta, Dilmar, Barkusky, Dietmar, Beauséjour, Robin, Bedano, Jose C., Birkhofer, Klaus, Blanchart, Eric, Blossey, Bernd, Bolger, Thomas, Bradley, Robert L., Brossard, Michel, Burtis, James C., Capowiez, Yvan, Cavagnaro, Timothy R., Choi, Amy, Clause, Julia, Cluzeau, Daniel, Coors, Anja, Crotty, Felicity V., Crumsey, Jasmine M., Dávalos, Andrea, Cosín, Darío J. Díaz, Dobson, Annise M., Domínguez, Anahí, Duhour, Andrés Esteban, van Eekeren, Nick, Emmerling, Christoph, Falco, Liliana B., Fernández, Rosa, Fonte, Steven J., Fragoso, Carlos, Franco, André L. C., Fusilero, Abegail, Geraskina, Anna P., Gholami, Shaieste, González, Grizelle, Gundale, Michael J., López, Mónica Gutiérrez, Hackenberger, Branimir K., Hackenberger, Davorka K., Hernández, Luis M., Hirth, Jeff R., Hishi, Takuo, Holdsworth, Andrew R., Holmstrup, Martin, Hopfensperger, Kristine N., Lwanga, Esperanza Huerta, Huhta, Veikko, Hurisso, Tunsisa T., Iannone III, Basil V., Iordache, Madalina, Irmler, Ulrich, Ivask, Mari, Jesús, Juan B., Johnson-Maynard, Jodi L., Joschko, Monika, Kaneko, Nobuhiro, Kanianska, Radoslava, Keith, Aidan M., Kernecker, Maria L., Koné, Armand W., Kooch, Yahya, Kukkonen, Sanna T., Lalthanzara, H., Lammel, Daniel R., Lebedev, Iurii M., Le Cadre, Edith, Lincoln, Noa K., López-Hernández, Danilo, Loss, Scott R., Marichal, Raphael, Matula, Radim, Minamiya, Yukio, Moos, Jan Hendrik, Moreno, Gerardo, Morón-Ríos, Alejandro, Motohiro, Hasegawa, Muys, Bart, Neirynck, Johan, Norgrove, Lindsey, Novo, Marta, Nuutinen, Visa, Nuzzo, Victoria, Mujeeb Rahman, P., Pansu, Johan, Paudel, Shishir, Pérès, Guénola, Pérez-Camacho, Lorenzo, Ponge, Jean-François, Prietzel, Jörg, Rapoport, Irina B., Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz, Rebollo, Salvador, Rodríguez, Miguel Á., Roth, Alexander M., Rousseau, Guillaume X., Rozen, Anna, Sayad, Ehsan, van Schaik, Loes, Scharenbroch, Bryant, Schirrmann, Michael, Schmidt, Olaf, Schröder, Boris, Seeber, Julia, Shashkov, Maxim P., Singh, Jaswinder, Smith, Sandy M., Steinwandter, Michael, Szlavecz, Katalin, Talavera, José Antonio, Trigo, Dolores, Tsukamoto, Jiro, Uribe-López, Sheila, de Valença, Anne W., Virto, Iñigo, Wackett, Adrian A., Warren, Matthew W., Webster, Emily R., Wehr, Nathaniel H., Whalen, Joann K., Wironen, Michael B., Wolters, Volkmar, Wu, Pengfei, Zenkova, Irina V., Zhang, Weixin, Cameron, Erin K., Eisenhauer, Nico, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig University, Saint Mary's University [Halifax], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, University of Canberra, Universidade de Vigo, Embrapa Forestry, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Department of Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Catania [Italy], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Asian School of the Environment (ASE), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), University of Nairobi (UoN), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), National University of Río Cuarto = Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Brandenburg University of Technology [Cottbus – Senftenberg] (BTU), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Cornell University [New York], University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Adelaide, University of Toronto, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)-Aberystwyth University, Royal Agricultural University (RAU), University of Georgia [USA], State University of New York (SUNY), Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution [Madrid], Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Yale University [New Haven], Universidad Nacional de Luján [Buenos Aires], Louis Bolk Institute (LBI), Trier University, Animal Biodiversity and Evolution, Institute of Evolutionary Biology (IBE), Department of Soil and Crop Sciences [Fort Collins], Biodiversity and Systematic Network, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Department of Biology [Fort Collins], Department of Biological Science and Environmental Studies, University of the Philippines - Mindanao, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering - Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity (RAS), Razi University of Kermanshah, USDA Forest Service, Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Agriculture engineering, Agroecology Postgraduate Program, Maranhão State University, Agriculture Victoria (AgriBio), Kyushu University [Fukuoka], Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Department of Bioscience [Aarhus], Northern Kentucky University, Departamento de Agricultura, Sociedad y Ambiente, EI Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico] (CONACYT)-Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico] (CONACYT), Soil Physics and Land Management Group, University of Jyväskylä (JYU), College of Agriculture, Environmental and Human Sciences, Lincoln University of Missouri, School of Forest Resources and Conservation [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS|FFGS), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (USAMVBT), Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Tallinn University of Technology (TTÜ), University of Idaho [Moscow, USA], Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Matej Bel University (UMB), UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Université Nangui Abrogoua (UNA), Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences [Tarbiat], Tarbiat Modares University [Tehran], Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Department of Zoology, Pachhunga University College, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology [Moscow] (Skoltech), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, University of Hawai'i [Honolulu] (UH), Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Oklahoma State University [Stillwater] (OSU), Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés (UMR ABSys), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Tochigi Prefectural Museum, Thuenen-Institute of Biodiversity, Thuenen-Institute of Organic Farming, University of Extremadura, INDEHESA, Forestry School, Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Doshisha University [Kyoto], Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven-Heverlee], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences (BFH), Natural Area Consultants, Department of Zoology, PSMO College, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research (CSIRO-MAR), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens (PHIPPS), Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Geobotany, Tembotov Institute of Ecology of Mountain Territories, Russian Academy of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, Global Change Ecology and Evolution Research Groupp (GloCEE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Conservation, Federal University of Maranhão, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), College of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin, The Morton Arboretum, Department Engineering for Crop Production, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD School of Geography, UCD Earth Institute, University College, Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Institute of Geoecology, Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Institute for Alpine Environment, European Academy of Bozen-Bolzano (EURAC), Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, RAS, Institute of Mathematical Problems in Biology (IMPB RAS), Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Khalsa College Amritsar, Morton K. Blaustein Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Kochi University, Juárez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Nanotechnology Engineering, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Jalpa de Méndez, Food & Agriculture, WWF-Netherlands, Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] = Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Earth Innovation Institute, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC), Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Natural resource sciences, The Nature Conservancy, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), Southwest Minzu University [Chengdu], Institute of Industrial Ecology Problems of the North of the Kola Science Center of RAS, Henan Agricultural University, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, H.R.P.P., B.K-R., and the sWorm workshops were supported by the sDiv [Synthesis Centre of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig (DFG FZT 118)]. H.R.P.P., O.F. and N.E. acknowledge funding by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 677232 to NE). K.S.R. and W.H.v.d.P. were supported by ERC-ADV grant 323020 to W.H.v.d.P. Also supported by iDiv (DFG FZT118) Flexpool proposal 34600850 (C.A.G. and N.E.), the Academy of Finland (285882) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (postdoctoral fellowship and RGPIN-2019-05758) (E.K.C.), German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (01LO0901A) (D.J.R.), ERC-AdG 694368 (M.R.), the TULIP Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-41) (M.L), and the BBSRC David Phillips Fellowship to F.T.d.V. (BB/L02456X/1). In addition, data collection was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (12-04-01538-a, 12-04-01734-a, 14-44-03666-r_center_a, 15-29-02724-ofi_m, 16-04-01878-a 19-05-00245, 19-04-00-609-a), Tarbiat Modares University, Aurora Organic Dairy, UGC(NERO) (F. 1-6/Acctt./NERO/2007-08/1485), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (RGPIN-2017-05391), Slovak Research and Development Agency (APVV-0098-12), Science for Global Development through Wageningen University, Norman Borlaug LEAP Programme and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Sao Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP (12/22510-8), Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, INIA - Spanish Agency (SUM 2006-00012-00-0), Royal Canadian Geographical Society, Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland) (2005-S-LS-8), University of Hawai'i at Manoa (HAW01127H, HAW01123M), European Union FP7 (FunDivEurope, 265171, ROUTES 265156), U.S. Department of the Navy, Commander Pacific Fleet (W9126G-13-2-0047), Science and Engineering Research Board (SB/SO/AS-030/2013) Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India, Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) of the U.S. Department of Defense (RC-1542), Maranhao State Research Foundation (FAPEMA 03135/13, 02471/17), Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES 3281/2013), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (LTT17033), Colorado Wheat Research Foundation, Zone Atelier Alpes, French National Research Agency (ANR-11-BSV7-0020, ANR-09-STRA-0002, ANR 06 BIODIV 0009), Austrian Science Fund (P16027, T441), Landwirtschaftliche Rentenbank Frankfurt am Main, Welsh Government and the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (Project Ref. A AAB 62 03 qA731606), SEPAQ, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland, Science Foundation Ireland (EEB0061), University of Toronto (Faculty of Forestry), National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Haliburton Forest & Wildlife Reserve, NKU College of Arts & Sciences Grant, osterreichische Forschungsforderungsgesellschaft (837393 and 837426), Mountain Agriculture Research Unit of the University of Innsbruck, Higher Education Commission of Pakistan, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala, UNEP/GEF/TSBF-CIAT Project on Conservation and Sustainable Management of Belowground Biodiversity, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland, Complutense University of Madrid/European Union FP7 project BioBio (FPU UCM 613520), GRDC, AWI, LWRRDC, DRDC, CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council) and FONCyT (National Agency of Scientific and Technological Promotion) (PICT, PAE, PIP), Universidad Nacional de Lujan y FONCyT (PICT 2293 (2006)), Fonds de recherche sur la nature et les technologies du Quebec (131894), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SCHR1000/3-1, SCHR1000/6-1, 6-2 (FOR 1598), WO 670/7-1, WO 670/7-2, & SCHA 1719/1-2), CONACYT (FONDOS MIXTOS TABASCO/PROYECTO11316), NSF (DGE-0549245, DGE-0549245, DEB-BE-0909452, NSF1241932, LTER Program DEB-97-14835), Institute for Environmental Science and Policy at the University of Illinois at Chicago, Dean's Scholar Program at UIC, Garden Club of America Zone VI Fellowship in Urban Forestry from the Casey Tree Endowment Fund, J.E. Weaver Competitive Grant from the Nebraska Chapter of The Nature Conservancy, The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at Depaul University, Elmore Hadley Award for Research in Ecology and Evolution from the UIC Dept. of Biological Sciences, Spanish CICYT (AMB96-1161, REN2000-0783/GLO, REN2003-05553/GLO, REN2003-03989/GLO, CGL2007-60661/BOS), Yokohama National University, MEXT KAKENHI (25220104), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (25281053, 17KT0074, 25252026), ADEME (0775C0035), Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain (CGL2017-86926-P), Syngenta Philippines, UPSTREAM, LTSER (Val Mazia/Matschertal), Marie Sklodowska Curie Postdoctoral Fellowship (747607), National Science & Technology Base Resource Survey Project of China (2018FY100306), McKnight Foundation (14-168), Program of Fundamental Researches of Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences (AAAA-A18-118021490070-5), Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq 310690/2017-0, 404191/2019-3, 307486/2013-3), French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, Bavarian Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Forestry (Project No B62), INRA AIDY project, MIUR PRIN 2008, Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station, Estonian Science Foundation, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Canada, Russian Science Foundation (16-17-10284), National Natural Science Foundation of China (41371270), Australian Research Council (FT120100463), USDA Forest Service-IITF. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL., ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010), ANR-11-BSV7-0020,METABAR,Metacode-barre ADN pour une nouvelle génération de suivi de la biodiversité(2011), ANR-09-STRA-0002,FORGECO,Du diagnostic à l'action: créer les conditions d'une gestion integrée et viable des écosystèmes forestiers sur les territoires(2009), ANR-06-BDIV-0009,AMAZ_BD,Biodiversité des paysages amazoniens. Déterminants socio-économiques et productio de biens et services écosystèmiques(2006), European Project: 677232,H2020,ERC-2015-STG,ECOWORM(2016), European Project: 323020,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-ADG_20120314,SPECIALS(2013), European Project: 265171,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2010,FUNDIVEUROPE(2010), European Project: 265156,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2010,ROUTES(2011), European Project: ERC-2015-AdG 694368, European Project: 227161,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2008-2B,BIOBIO(2009), Terrestrial Ecology (TE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Natural Resources & The Environment [CALS], College of Agriculture and Life Sciences [Cornell University] (CALS), Cornell University [New York]-Cornell University [New York], Department of Entomology [CALS], Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Kyushu University, Universidad de Extremadura - University of Extremadura (UEX), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa. ISFOOD - Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain, Universidad Pública de Navarra. Departamento de Ciencias, Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa. Zientziak Saila, Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative and School of Global Environmental Sustainability, Colorado State University, Universidade Positivo, Senckenberg Museum for Natural History Görlitz, Department of Soil Zoology, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Rwanda Institute for Conservation Agriculture (RICA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), UCD School of Biology & Environmental Science, UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aberystwyth University, Odum School of Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland, Yale School Forestry & Environment Studies, Ciencias Básicas, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable -INEDES, Universidad Nacional de Lujan, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Tarbiat Modaras University, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Oklahoma State University [Stillwater], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Animal Biology (Zoology area), Science Faculty, University of La Laguna, University of California, Justus-Liebig-University [Gießen, Germany], University of Helsinki, HELEN R. P. PHILLIPS, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, ERIN K. CAMERON, Saint Mary’s University, NICO EISENHAUER, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Leipzig University., Wageningen University, JOSÉ ANTONIO TALAVERA, University of La Laguna, DOLORES TRIGO, University Complutense of Madrid, JIRO TSUKAMOTO, Kochi University, SHEILA URIBE-LÓPEZ, Juárez Autonomous University of Tabasco, ANNE W. DE VALENÇA, Unit Food & Agriculture, WWF-Netherlands, IÑIGO VIRTO, Universidad Pública de Navarra, ADRIAN A. WACKETT, University of Minnesota, MATTHEW W. WARREN, Earth Innovation Institute, WEIXIN ZHANG, Henan University, DANIEL CLUZEAU, Université de Rennes, ANJA COORS, ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, FELICITY V. CROTTY, Aberystwyth Universtiy, Royal Agricultural University, JASMINE M. CRUMSEY, University of Georgia, Saint Marys University, ELIZABETH M. BACH, Colorado State University, MARIE L. C. BARTZ, Universidade Positivo, University of Coimbra, JOANNE M. BENNETT, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, RÉMY BEUGNON, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, MARIA J. I. BRIONES, Universidad de Vigo, GEORGE GARDNER BROWN, CNPF, OLGA FERLIAN, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, KONSTANTIN B. GONGALSKY, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lomonosov Moscow State University, CARLOS A. GUERRA, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, BIRGITTA KÖNIG-RIES, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Friedrich Schiller University, JULIA J. KREBS, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, ALBERTO ORGIAZZI, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, KELLY S. RAMIREZ, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, DAVID J. RUSSELL, Senckenberg Museum for Natural History Görlitz, BENJAMIN SCHWARZ, University of Freiburg, DIANA H. WALL, Colorado State University, ULRICH BROSE, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, THIBAUD DECAËNS, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier, PATRICK LAVELLE, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement, MICHEL LOREAU, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, JÉRÔME MATHIEU, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, CHRISTIAN MULDER, University of Catania, WIM H. VAN DER PUTTEN, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, MATTHIAS C. RILLIG, Freie Universität Berlin, MADHAV P. THAKUR, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, FRANCISKA T. DE VRIES, University of Amsterdam, DAVID A. WARDLE, Nanyang Technological University, CHRISTIAN AMMER, University of Göttingen, SABINE AMMER, University of Göttingen, MIWA ARAI, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, FREDRICK O. AYUKE, University of Nairobi, Rwanda Institute for Conservation Agriculture, GEOFF H. BAKER, Health & Biosecurity, DILMAR BARETTA, Santa Catarina State University, DIETMAR BARKUSKY, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, ROBIN BEAUSÉJOUR, Université de Sherbrooke, JOSE C. BEDANO, National University of Rio Cuarto, KLAUS BIRKHOFER, Brandenburg University of Technology, ERIC BLANCHART, Institut Agro, BERND BLOSSEY, Cornell University, THOMAS BOLGER, University College Dublin, ROBERT L. BRADLEY, Université de Sherbrooke, MICHEL BROSSARD, Institut Agro, JAMES C. BURTIS, Cornell University, YVAN CAPOWIEZ, Site Agroparc, TIMOTHY R. CAVAGNARO, The University of Adelaide, AMY CHOI, University of Toronto, JULIA CLAUSE, Université de Poitiers, ANDREA DÁVALOS, SUNY Cortland, DARÍO J. DÍAZ COSÍN, University Complutense of Madrid, ANNISE M. DOBSON, Yale University, ANAHÍ DOMÍNGUEZ, National University of Rio Cuarto, ANDRÉS ESTEBAN DUHOUR, Universidad Nacional de Luján, NICK VAN EEKEREN, Louis Bolk Institute, CHRISTOPH EMMERLING, University of Trier, LILIANA B. FALCO, Universidad Nacional de Luján, ROSA FERNÁNDEZ, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, STEVEN J. FONTE, Colorado State University, CARLOS FRAGOSO, Institute of Ecology A.C., ANDRÉ L. C. FRANCO, Colorado State University, ABEGAIL FUSILERO, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Ghent University, ANNA P. GERASKINA, Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity RAS, SHAIESTE GHOLAMI, Razi University, GRIZELLE GONZÁLEZ, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, MICHAEL J. GUNDALE, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, MÓNICA GUTIÉRREZ LÓPEZ, University Complutense of Madrid, BRANIMIR K. HACKENBERGER, University of Osijek, DAVORKA K. HACKENBERGER, University of Osijek, LUIS M. HERNÁNDEZ, Maranhão State University, JEFF R. HIRTH, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Agriculture Victoria, TAKUO HISHI, Kyushu University, ANDREW R. HOLDSWORTH, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, MARTIN HOLMSTRUP, Aarhus University, KRISTINE N. HOPFENSPERGER, Northern Kentucky University, ESPERANZA HUERTA LWANGA, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Wageningen University & Research, VEIKKO HUHTA, University of Jyväskylä, TUNSISA T. HURISSO, Colorado State University, Lincoln University of Missouri, BASIL V. IANNONE III, University of Florida, MADALINA IORDACHE, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Banat 'King Michael the 1st of Romania', ULRICH IRMLER, University of Kiel, MARI IVASK, Tallinn University of Technology, JUAN B. JESÚS, University Complutense of Madrid, JODI L. JOHNSON-MAYNARD, University of Idaho, MONIKA JOSCHKO, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, NOBUHIRO KANEKO, Fukushima University, RADOSLAVA KANIANSKA, Matej Bel University, AIDAN M. KEITH, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, MARIA L. KERNECKER, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, ARMAND W. KONÉ, Université Nangui Abrogoua, YAHYA KOOCH, Tarbiat Modares University, SANNA T. KUKKONEN, Natural Resources Institute Finland, H. LALTHANZARA, Pachhunga University College, DANIEL R. LAMMEL, Freie Universität Berlin, IURII M. LEBEDEV, Russian Academy of Sciences, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, EDITH LE CADRE, Institut Agro, NOA K. LINCOLN, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, DANILO LÓPEZ-HERNÁNDEZ, Universidad Central de Venezuela, SCOTT R. LOSS, Oklahoma State University, RAPHAEL MARICHAL, Univ Montpellier, RADIM MATULA, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, YUKIO MINAMIYA, Tochigi Prefectural Museum, JAN HENDRIK MOOS, Thuenen-Institute of Biodiversity, GERARDO MORENO, University of Extremadura, ALEJANDRO MORÓN-RÍOS, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, HASEGAWA MOTOHIRO, Doshisha University, BART MUYS, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, JOHAN NEIRYNCK, Research Institute for Nature and Forest, LINDSEY NORGROVE, Bern University of Applied Sciences, MARTA NOVO, University Complutense of Madrid, VISA NUUTINEN, Natural Resources Institute Finland, VICTORIA NUZZO, Natural Area Consultants, P. MUJEEB RAHMAN, PSMO College, JOHAN PANSU, CSIRO Ocean and Atmosphere, Sorbonne Université, SHISHIR PAUDEL, Oklahoma State University, Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens, GUÉNOLA PÉRÈS, CNRS-Université de Rennes, Institut Agro, LORENZO PÉREZ CAMACHO, University of Alcalá, JEAN-FRANÇOIS PONGE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, JÖRG PRIETZEL, Technical University of Munich, IRINA B. RAPOPORT, Russian Academy of Sciences, MUHAMMAD IMTIAZ RASHID, King Abdulaziz University, SALVADOR REBOLLO, University of Alcalá, MIGUEL Á. RODRÍGUEZ, University of Alcalá, ALEXANDER M. ROTH, University of Minnesot, Friends of the Mississippi River, GUILLAUME X. ROUSSEAU, Maranhão State University, Federal University of Maranhão, ANNA ROZEN, University of Wisconsin, EHSAN SAYAD, Razi University, LOES VAN SCHAIK, Wageningen University & Research, BRYANT SCHARENBROCH, University of Wisconsin, MICHAEL SCHIRRMANN, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, OLAF SCHMIDT, University College Dublin, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, BORIS SCHRÖDER, Technische Universität Braunschweig, JULIA SEEBER, University of Innsbruck, MAXIM P. SHASHKOV, Russian Academy of Sciences, JASWINDER SINGH, Khalsa College Amritsar, SANDY M. SMITH, University of Toronto, MICHAEL STEINWANDTER, Institute for Alpine Environment, KATALIN SZLAVECZ, Johns Hopkins University, EMILY R. WEBSTER, University of California, NATHANIEL H. WEHR, University of Hawaii, JOANN K. WHALEN, Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, MICHAEL B. WIRONEN, The Nature Conservancy, VOLKMAR WOLTERS, Animal Ecology, Justus Liebig University, PENGFEI WU, Southwest Minzu University, IRINA V. ZENKOVA, Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), and Technical University of Munich (TUM)

Subjects
Data Descriptor, Distribuição Geográfica, Plan_S-Compliant-OA, Soil, Biomass, biodiversity, Diversity, Ecology, Biodiversidade, Biodiversity, eliöyhteisöt, maaperäeliöstö, PE&RC, Computer Science Applications, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Biogeography, international, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, Ecosystem engineers, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Information Systems, Statistics and Probability, lierot, Science, Invertebrados, Library and Information Sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Ecology and Environment, Education, eliömaantiede, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Minhoca, Serviço ambiental, BIODIVERSITY CHANGE, Life Science, Ecosystem services, Earthworms, Datasets, Animals, Spatial distribution, Community ecology, Oligochaeta, Laboratorium voor Nematologie, Ecosystem, 1172 Environmental sciences, biogeography, Science & Technology, LAND-USE, Biology and Life Sciences, PLATFORM, Bodemfysica en Landbeheer, Ecología, Ecossistema, biodiversiteetti, Soil Physics and Land Management, Solo, Biologia do Solo, maaperäeläimistö, 570 Life sciences, biology, eartworm, abundance, biomass, diversity, Laboratory of Nematology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, COMMUNITIES, community ecology
Abstract

Earthworms are an important soil taxon as ecosystem engineers, providing a variety of crucial ecosystem functions and services. Little is known about their diversity and distribution at large spatial scales, despite the availability of considerable amounts of local-scale data. Earthworm diversity data, obtained from the primary literature or provided directly by authors, were collated with information on site locations, including coordinates, habitat cover, and soil properties. Datasets were required, at a minimum, to include abundance or biomass of earthworms at a site. Where possible, site-level species lists were included, as well as the abundance and biomass of individual species and ecological groups. This global dataset contains 10,840 sites, with 184 species, from 60 countries and all continents except Antarctica. The data were obtained from 182 published articles, published between 1973 and 2017, and 17 unpublished datasets. Amalgamating data into a single global database will assist researchers in investigating and answering a wide variety of pressing questions, for example, jointly assessing aboveground and belowground biodiversity distributions and drivers of biodiversity change., Measurement(s) earthworm communities • Abundance • organic material • Diversity • environmental properties Technology Type(s) digital curation Factor Type(s) location Sample Characteristic - Organism Lumbricina Sample Characteristic - Environment soil Sample Characteristic - Location global Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.13399118

Published
2021
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