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During the production of reservoir fluids, production of layer sand may occur due to one or a combination of several factors. These factors are the reservoir rock type, which can be unconsolidated sandstone, high depression value, increased water cut, turbulent flow regime of the reservoir fluid in the near-well zone, or hydraulic impacts that occur during the operation of the suck rod pump. This paper will include production wells completion with an improved Gravel Pack system, which enables more effective prevention of layer sand inflow during production. The advanced Gravel Pack system involves the use of a GPPU and a mechanical packer. The well A-Z-1 will be taken as an example of well completion in an oil field with similar geological and technological characteristics.

U ovom radu opisani su i objašnjeni postupci karotaža prirodne radioaktivnosti koji se koriste za procenu zapreminskog učešća šejla (gline) u formacijama koje bušotina preseca. Postupci su zasnovani na prirodnoj radioaktivnosti koja nastaje prisustvom radioaktivnih nizova torijuma (Th232), urana (U238) i radioaktivnog izotopa kalijuma (K40) zastupljenih u Zemljinoj kori. Detaljno su objašnjeni detektori radioaktivnosti koji se ugrađuju u geofizičke karotažne sonde, koje se spuštaju u istražne bušotine sa ciljem registrovanja ukupnog gama zračenja i spektra gama zračenja u okolini bušotine. Na osnovu dobijenih podataka karotažnih sondi vrši se intepretacija podataka koja je potrebna radi određivanja zapreminskog učešća šejla u slojevima. Za praktičan deo rada izabrana je bušotina B1 koja se nalazi na prostoru Moldavske platforme. Koristeći podatke karotažnih merenja u bušotini B1 dat je detaljan prikaz postupaka za procenu zapreminskog učešća šejla u slojevima koje bušotina preseca.

One of the main goals of contemporary higher education institutions refers to achieving and developing sustainable competitive advantage. That fact is among the main causes for affirmation of marketing concept application in higher education sector. Namely, in the higher education market, more and more various institutions are offering their services to the same target group – prospective students. Competition on this market is stronger and more numerous than ever, and that makes more explicit application of marketing – a necessity. In order to survive and develop on the market, higher education institutions have to attract, enrol and retain sufficient number of students. That is possible only if these institutions succeed to establish and continuously enhance their competitive advantage. In profit sector context, marketing concept is used for achieving mentioned aims, as this business orientation has positive influence on organisation’s performances. Marketing concept refers to systematic gathering and dissemination of market intelligence, and decision-making based on this information, with final aim – to provide superior value and to cater the needs of clients better than the competition does. Although application of marketing concept in higher education sector has originally faced some objections, numerous researches have proven that not only is it possible in this sector, but marketing activities are commonly used in higher education institutions. On the other hand, studies about marketing concept and its effects are relatively scarce in higher education context. Therefore, the main aim of the research presented in this Doctoral Dissertation is to determine whether marketing concept application contributes to success of higher education institutions (HEIs). In that respect, the main scientific contribution of this dissertation refers to filling in the identified gaps in theoretical and empirical researches realized so far. This aim is especially reflected in the specific context of the realized research. Namely, most of the previous studies pertain to unique language or geographical area and context of developed countries. This research includes the context of developing country (Serbia), but also comparative analysis with developed country (Finland) – developed not only in terms of economy, but also in terms of outstanding educational sector performances. Research on interrelation of marketing concept application and performances of HEIs was realized in the following manner. Application of marketing concept (market orientation) was analysed as one option of business orientations, alongside production and sales concept. HEIs were classified into three groups based on implemented business orientation, and then their performances were compared in order to test whether market oriented HEIs had better performances when compared to the rest of the sample. Several criteria were used for classification of HEIS into groups that relate to implemented business orientation. The main criterion refers to decision making in the institution. It is considered that market oriented HEIs base their decisions on systematically gathered and disseminated market intelligence. Performances that were analysed include: (overall) success, competitiveness, reputation and innovativeness of the institution, as well as satisfaction of students and employees. These performances were selected because of their specific importance in the context of market orientation. Positive influence that market orientation has on all these performances was firstly confirmed by theoretical findings. Based on these findings, research questions and aims were set for empirical research that includes comparative analysis of interrelation of market orientation and performances of HEIs in Serbia and Finland. Research of this kind usually includes experimental research design, which here was not fully applicable because of impossibility to introduce experimental factor when needed. Therefore, the research method that was chosen instead is poll research that follows the logic of ex post facto experiment. The research was carried out on the population of study programmes, not HEIs, as it is assumed that management of institutions can use different business orientations in managing different programmes on the same institution. In accordance with the aims of this research, the research sample is defined. The sample is stratified, disproportional and random and includes study programmes of HEIs in Serbia and Finland. The realized sample includes 97 units (study programmes, 65 from Serbia and 32 from Finland). Data needed for hypotheses testing was gathered from December 2014 till March 2015. Interviewees (persons included in structures that manage study programmes from the sample or persons familiar with the relevant issues) were personally contacted. The ones that agreed to contribute to the research filled in the questionnaire uploaded on web locations. Gained data was analysed for the purpose of defined research hypotheses testing i.e. for determining eventual influence that market orientation has on HEIs' performances. Two levels of analysis were applied. First the analysis on the whole sample was realized in order to get zero level correlation. In addition to that, relation of market orientation and HEIs' performances was controlled by the factors for which it was assumed that they might have influence on this relation: 1. location of HEI on which study programme is realized (Serbia or Finland), 2. size of study programme, and 3. type of HEI on which study programme is realized (private and state-owned in Serbia; university and university of applied sciences in Finland). The defined aims determined the manner of hypotheses testing and achieving the aims set for empirical research, i.e. the use of specific statistical methods. Primarily the χ2test (and Fischer's exact test) and t-test (and Leven's test of equal variances) were used for testing the significance of the differences identified in the sample, i.e. to test if market oriented HEIs differ from non-market oriented, and to test the influence that controlling factors have on the market orientation-performances relation. All statistical analyses were one-tailed and performed on level of significance of 95%. Analysis of the results has identified some very significant findings. Higher education institutions that apply marketing concept are more successful, competitive and reputable that institutions that implement other business orientations. Also, students and employees of these institutions are more satisfied than students and employees of non-market oriented HEIs. Research findings also indicate that application of marketing concept in HEIs contributes to competitiveness and innovation capacities of national economy. Assumptions about positive influence that marketing concept has on innovativeness of Higher Education Institutions were theoretically proven. But, empirically they were not confirmed, as the research results do not provide sufficient evidence for identifying positive/negative influence of market orientation on innovativeness of HEIs. Therefore, directions for necessary further research in this field were defined. It was foreseen in the research design to test whether significant difference exist between level of market orientation as a cause for different positioning of HEIs from Serbia and Finland on international higher education market. Research findings show that HEIs from Finland are slightly more market oriented, but much more successful /according to manager's evaluation), competitive and selective than institutions in Serbia. It is obvious that market orientation is one of the significant factors that cause these differences. On the other hand, research findings reveal that students and employees of HEIs located in Serbia are more satisfied than students and employees in Finland. Author's assumption is that lower satisfaction is caused by more sophisticated needs, requests and preferences of students and employees in Finland. But, this needs to be tested in further research. Research findings also indicate that market orientation’s influence on performances of higher education institutions (and therefore national economy) is very high in the case of large study programmes. All large programmes in the sample are market oriented and vast majority is successful. Having in mind that popularization of higher education is a global trend and that it includes augmentation of study programmes, need for further theoretical and empirical researches on marketing concept as important success factor of those programmes, is even more pronounced.

U današnjem dinamičnom medijskom okruženju, okarakterisanom konvergencijom, eksplozijom i fragmentacijom, različita medijska sredstva predstavljaju svojevrsne brendove, sa svojstvenim osobenostima i asocijacijama. Ove promene u medijskom okruženju čine izbor medija izazovnijim nego ikada do sada, kako za oglašivače, tako i za marketinške agencije. Ono što je potrebno je bolje razumevanje mogućeg uticaja medija na oglašene brendove. Predmet ove studije je upravo ispitivanje uticaja brendova medijskih sredstava na oglašene brendove. Drugim rečima, studija teži da otkrije da li je medijski brend sam po sebi jak element konteksta u okviru kojeg se oglašen brend doživljava, procesira i razvija. Značaj brendiranja i razvoja efektivnih strategija marketinškog komuniciranja koje doprinose kreiranju pozitivne percepcije brenda, kao i ozbiljno odsustvo prethodnog istraživanja u ovoj oblasti, ističu potrebu za ovom studijom. Kako bi se adekvatno ispitao uticaj medijskih sredstava primenjeno je eksperimentalno istraživanje. Za potrebe eksperimenta odabrana su dva magazina, odnosno dva različita medijska brenda. Uticaj medijskih sredstava na oglašene brendove analiziran je kroz ispitivanje mogućih promena triju varijabli: stava prema brendu, percipirane ličnosti brenda i kupovne namere brenda. Štaviše, kako bi se dodatno ispitale potencijalne razlike u uticaju medijskih sredstava na različite brendove, u obzir su uzeti i dobro etabliran i nepoznat brend na tržištu. Rezultati eksperimentalnog istraživanja su potvrdili da medijska sredstva nisu samo pasivni penosioci poruka, već da obezbeđuju komunikacionu pozadinu koja može da utiče na efektivnost oglašavanja. Glavni rezultati, na osnovu kojih su potvrđene hipoteze, pokazuju da odabir medijskih sredstava za oglašavanje igra važnu ulogu kada je u pitanju nov brend. Rezultati su takođe potvrdili hipoteze da su dobro etablirani brendovi relativno imuni na uticaje medijskih sredstava u kojima se oglašavaju. In today’s dynamic media environment, characterized by convergence, explosion and fragmentation, different media vehicles are emerging as brands in their own right, with distinctive brand personalities and associations. These changes in the media environment make media selection more challenging than ever before, both for advertisers and marketing agencies. What is needed is a better understanding of how media might be influencing consumer perception of advertised brands. Thus, the aim of this study is to explore the potential impact of media vehicle brands on advertised brands. In other words, the study strives to understand if the media brand is in itself a strong element of the context in which the advertised brand is experienced, processed and developed. The importance of branding and development of effective marketing communications strategies that contribute to creating positive brand perceptions, as well as the lack of previous research in this field, emphasize the need for this study. In order to explore effectively the potential influence of media vehicles an experimental research design was applied. Two magazines, representing two distinct media brands, were selected for the experiment. The influence of media vehicles on advertised brands was analyzed through the examination of possible changes in three variables: brand attitudes, perceived brand personality and purchase intention. Moreover, possible changes in these variables were analyzed by considering both a well-established brand and an unknown brand in the market in order to examine if media have different effect on different brands. The results of the experimental research confirmed that media vehicles do not just passively carry advertising messages; they provide a communication background which can influence advertising effectiveness. The main results, which confirmed the study’s hypotheses, showed that media selection plays an important role for advertising new brands as they can affect all three tested variables.

The purpose of this research was to track the level of outcome and behaviour based sales performance and sales management control systems in Croatian sales organizations. The research was conducted on a judgment sample of 76 Croatian sales managers across different industries. The results are in accordance with the similar research done abroad. Organizations whose sales managers spend more time in monitoring, directing, evaluating and rewording their salespeople rather than just keeping track of their scorecards have salespeople with higher levels of outcome and behaviour performance Moreover, sales managers track larger satisfaction with the territory design and claim that their sales people are highly motivated and committed to their organization.

The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of consumer ethnocentrism on decision making process across the product categories. Results are derived from primary data collected from a consumer sample in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Structural equitation modeling method was used to test the propositions. The empirical results have provided the conclusion that consumer ethnocentrism has a positive impact on consumers’ attitudes, beliefs and intentions. Purchase behavior is influenced by consumer ethnocentrism for two of the three product categories studied.

Most of the existing services innovation typologies are conceptual in nature and are not tested in the electronic services context. This study explores to what extent electronic service innovations can be classified according to the current most accepted service innovation typologies and what is a prevalent degree of innovativeness of electronic service innovations: radical or incremental? An empirically-based electronic service innovation typology is proposed. The results show that the current most accepted service innovation typologies need advancements to some extent in order to be applicable in electronic services context. Furthermore, it is found that the majority of the electronic service innovations are incremental innovations.

Consumer surveys give important information about consumers’ attitudes toward economic climate in a country. The results can be useful for business managers, as well as for economic policy makers. The data from consumer surveys can help in forecasting future trends in retail sale. This paper models the index of retail sale in Croatia by using Consumer Confidence Index. The results of a multiple linear regression model for the period from September 2006 to December 2011 indicate that a lagged value of three months of CCI index can be useful in explaining the variations of retail sales.

12 focus groups (n=101 participants), cutting across two countries (Croatia and Serbia) and three age groups (18-21, 35-45, pensioners) explored the contemporary appeal of confectionery brands originating from the socialist area. In their home markets, there is high awareness of, and strongly favourable attitudes toward, the selected socialist era brands. They are perceived principally as national brands rather than socialist per se. In the domestic market both personal nostalgia and ethnocentrism underpin the appeal. Consumers indicate a strong preference for domestic brands vis-à-vis those from other former Yugoslav republics. However, the negativity toward brands from other ex-SFRJ republics did not translate to transnational brands.