Search

This research aims to analyze how millennial market orientation influences the business performance of traditional medicine SMEs and to what extent local regulations moderate this influence. Using an explanatory approach with quantitative methods, data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using the partial least squares (PLS) technique to test relationships between variables. The findings reveal that millennial market orientation significantly influences the business performance of traditional medicine SMEs, with a path coefficient of 0.529 and a p-value of 0.000 (< 0.05). This indicates that an increase in millennial market orientation enhances business performance. However, the second hypothesis is not supported. Regression analysis shows a positive relationship between local regulations and millennial market orientation on business performance, but the moderating influence of local regulations is not statistically significant (p 0.242 > 0.05). The practical implication is that traditional medicine SMEs need to enhance millennial market orientation to improve business performance. Understanding the preferences and needs of the millennial market can enhance competitiveness and profitability. Local regulations do not significantly moderate this relationship, so the focus on millennial market orientation should remain a priority without relying on local regulations as a moderating factor.

Latar Belakang: Usia remaja merupakan usia efektif dalam perkembangan anatomi, fisiologis, dan metabolisme, dimana pemenuhan asupan gizi khususnya atlet, menunjang aktivitas fisik, pertumbuhan, perkembangan, pemulihan, dan performa. Namun, sering dijumpai asupan gizi atlet tidak adekuat yang berisiko pertumbuhan tidak optimal dan performa atlet tidak maksimal. Tujuan: Penelitian ini diharapkan memberikan dampak penguatan stakeholder olahraga untuk lebih memperhatikan asupan dan pertumbuhan tinggi badan atlet di Indonesia dengan menganalisis hubungan asupan zat gizi dan pertumbuhan tinggi badan atlet. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang di SKO Kemenpora Cibubur, PPLP Jawa Barat, PPLP Yogyakarta, PPLP Nusa Tenggara Barat, dan PPLP Sulawesi Selatan dengan subyek penelitian sebanyak 330 atlet dengan pemelihan subyek menggunakan metode purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil: Median usia subyek adalah 16 tahun dengan partisipasi didominasi oleh atlet strength (66,1%) dibandingkan endurance. Median tinggi badan sebesar 165 cm dan z-score TB/U dan IMT/U masing-masing -0,43 SD and 0,11 SD. Hubungan signifikan antara asupan energi, protein, lemak, dan karbohidrat dengan tinggi badan atlet (p

Although there have been several studies on reconsumption intention, no specific studies investigate how perceived value can increase reconsumption intention in herbal medicine consumers. This study investigated the effect of perceived value on reconsumption intention among Indonesian herbal medicine consumers through trust and customer engagement. It involved 425 herbal medicine consumers in Indonesia with a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis employed covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM). The findings suggested that perceived value does not have a significant direct effect on reconsumption intention, yet it is mediated by customer engagement. Meanwhile, trust does not play a significant mediating role in the relationship between perceived value and reconsumtion intention. Therefore, it provides new insight into how consumer perceived value can enhance reconsumption intention through engagement and trust, which can serve as an input for herbal medicine practitioners to implement the appropriate marketing strategies.

Purpose – This study aims to describe the competitive ability of MSMEs Palu Fried Onions (BGP) from the point of view of human resources, namely innovation and the influence of motivation. Research methodology – This research was conducted on 141 active BGP MSMEs in Palu and tested using quantitative methods using SEM-PLS analysis testing. Findings – The study results show that Human Resource Innovation is proven to affect the ability of the Palu Fried Onions MSMEs. Research limitations – A limitation of this study is that it focuses solely on the competitive abilities of BGP MSMEs from the perspective of human resources, specifically innovation and motivation, and does not explore other potential factors that might influence their competitiveness. Practical implications – The results of this study have the benefit of being practical considerations for driving BGP MSMEs to increase their competitiveness; besides that, the results of this study also expand the variation of the Diamond Model or the Diamond Model of production factors to be competitive. Originality/Value – Rather than focusing solely on traditional factors, this research delves into the innovative realm of human resource innovation and motivation as key drivers of competitiveness.

The impact of providing nutrition education on the nutritional knowledge of young athletes in Indonesia Background: A lack of nutritional knowledge can lead to poor eating habits and nutritional deficiencies in young athletes. One of the issues leading to athletes' need for more knowledge is the absence of professional assistance in educating them about nutrition. Objective: This research was analyzed to investigate the impact of nutrition education through counseling and group-based nutrition education on the nutritional knowledge of young athletes in Indonesia. Methods: This study is a pre-and post-experimental study without control. One hundred eighty-five young athletes who trained in PPLP and SKO received nutrition intervention for two months, including three nutrition education sessions using sports nutrition module media, nutritional counseling, and eating assistance based on eating etiquette. A modified Abridged Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (ANSKQ) questionnaire assessed athletes' nutritional knowledge before and after the intervention. Data was examined by comparing scores before and after the intervention. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used in the normality test, and a paired t-test was used to compare nutritional knowledge before and after the intervention. Results: Before the intervention, 88.65% had a low level of knowledge about nutrition. The scores for sports nutrition and overall nutritional knowledge increased significantly (p0.05). Conclusions: There was a significant increase in sports nutrition knowledge but not general nutrition knowledge. The provision of nutritional education assisted by nutritionists impacts athletes' nutritional knowledge.

The purpose of this study was to determine how the mechanical properties and microstructure formed on low alloy steel (tooth bucket) heated at temperatures of 850 ⁰C and 850 ⁰C then held for 15 minutes after that it was cooled with oil. The material hardening process was carried out by testing the Vickers hardness, impact, and observing the microstructure using an optical microscope with 200x magnification. Hardness values obtained from low alloy steel after heat treatment at temperatures of 800 ⁰C and 850 ⁰C are 389.2 HV and 414.6 HV. The optimum hardness is obtained at a temperature of 850 ⁰C with an increase of about 1.14% compared to that of raw material, which is 364.5 HV. From the results of the impact test on heat treatment with a temperature of 850 ⁰C, the highest impact value is 0.574 Joule/mm2. Furthermore, the results of the microstructure on heat treatment at a temperature of 850 ⁰C resulted in homogeneous microstructures, namely chrome, martensite, and bainite.

This research was conducted on how the company's performance affected the company's satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to determine whether outsourcing and trust affect user company satisfaction through company performance as a mediation, whether it has a significant effect or not. The method used for this research was descriptive quantitative. The data were collected by spreading close questionnaires to Gracia Optima Incorporation Inc. and Bintang Prima Kemasindo Inc. as the clients of Putra Mentari Inc., an outsourcing company. In this study, PT Gracia Optima Masterpro and PT Bintang Prima Kemasindo are the populations, and samples were taken from 33 samples from both companies. This study used a saturated sampling technique using all the leaders and staff in both companies. The result showed that trust and good outsourcing given by Putra Mentari Inc. were the keys to getting the clients' satisfaction. It is hoped that the next research can break down the outsourcing variables and package them in more detail and specifically related to the work contract. Trust is one of the most influencing factors that outsourcing companies must maintain to keep the cooperation running for such a long period. It is also supported by good performance. This research could also function as a new insight into future research about the theories, trust, satisfaction, and performance in outsourcing practices.

The combination of Quenching and Shot peening (SP) heat treatment is rarely carried out, especially the use of this treatment can improve the mechanical properties of medium carbon steel (S45C). This study aims to analyze the microstructure and hardness of S45C steel with the combined effect of Quenching heat treatment with shot peening with variations in compressor air pressure. Commercial S45C steel is quenched with a heating temperature of 910oC and held for 15 minutes. In comparison, the SP process is carried out after the quenching process with variations in air pressure, namely 4, 5, 6, and 7 bar. Analysis of the combined results of Quenching and SP processes using hardness and microstructure. The investigation analysis results obtained specimens with the highest surface hardness in the quenching and SP treatment of 899.44 HV. The impact of SP on the surface up to a distance of 120 m from the surface. The highest hardness was in the Quenching and SP treatment with a pressure of 7 bar. The results of this study are used as parameter contributions in the area of surface treatment and heat treatment of carbon steel to be developed in the automotive industry.

Consumption of fossil-based energy is increasing every year which has an impact on air, water and soil pollution. Therefore, alternative energy is needed to replace fossil fuels. Dimethyl Ether (DME) is considered suitable to replace LPG because of its better physical and chemical properties than LPG. This review article discusses the differences between direct and indirect DME synthesis methods and studies their reaction mechanisms. In addition, the types of promoter addition and their effects on the characteristics and performance of the catalyst are also studied in this article. The final part of this article discusses the effect of operating conditions (temperature, pressure, time on stream (TOS), room velocity, and H2/CO ratio) on catalyst performance, which is sourced from several literatures. It is hoped that this article can obtain an effective DME manufacturing method both in terms of process and catalytic

This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of leadership style on employee performance with job satisfaction and organizational commitment as an intervening variable at PT. PLN (Persero) North Surabaya Area. This research was conducted using a questionnaire to 120 employees of PT. PLN (Persero) Area North Surabaya. Then the data is analyzed by using Partial Least Square (PLS). This study examines the direct and indirect effects. The result of this study states that leadership style can provide the effect of improving employee job satisfaction. Leadership style can affect increasing organizational commitment. Leadership style can give influence in improving employee performance. Job satisfaction cannot have an effect on improving employee performance. Organizational commitment can affect improving employee performance. Leadership style cannot give indirect influence in improving employee performance through job satisfaction. Leadership style can have an indirect influence on improving employee performance through organizational commitment.

This study aims to improve writing skills to determine topics in paragraphs through a contextual teaching and learning approach to class VIII students at State Junior High School 8 Bayung Lencir, Muba. The method used is a class room action research method with data in the form of tests classified as quantitative data and data in the form of observations classified as qualitative data. Based on the results of data analysis that has been carried out on class VIII students of State Junior High School 8 Bayung Lencir, Muba from cycle I to cycle III there was a positive increase in each cycle of writing ability to determine topics in paragraphs through a contextual teaching and learning approach. Thus, there is an increase in the results of the writing ability test to determine the topic in the paragraph through a contextual teaching and learning approach

Generally, metals are easy to wear, so material modification is needed to increase hardness to increase the material's resistance to wear and tear. One way is to do a hard chrome plating process using the electroplating method and then continue the heat treatment process. This research was conducted to observe changes in the mechanical properties and microstructure of S45C steel that underwent hard chrome and heat treatment processes. This research was conducted by inserting S45C steel as a cathode into hard chrome liquid and using lead (Pb) as the anode. A positive (+) current powers the anode, the cathode has a negative current (-), the voltage used is 12 V with a duration of 60 minutes. After the cathode was coated with hard chrome, a hardness test was carried out, then continued with the heat treatment process using a temperature of 850°C for 30 minutes. The hardness test results show an increase in the hardness of S45C steel that has been coated with hard chrome, with a hardness value of S45C steel 202.70 VHN, S45C hard chrome steel 998.63 VHN. The highest hardness value is S45C steel coated with hard chrome 998.63 VHN, increasing 392.7%. Then the heat treatment process experienced a decrease in the hardness value, 528.90 VHN, with a percentage of 88.81%. The results of the microstructure observation showed that the hard chrome layer that had been heated treated showed even cracks in the hard chrome layer.

Consumer recognition of the adverse effects of synthetic colorant has increased awareness in utilizing natural colorants as an alternative. One of them is a microbial colorant and it is already studied for its safety and functional properties in the human body, i.e. hypercholesterolemia, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer. The functional properties of microbial colorant have driven many kinds of research about natural colorant produced by the microorganism. Monascus pigment is one of the popular red pigment synthesized by mold Monascus purpureus. This research was conducted to investigate the effects of particle size and incubation temperature on color value and water solubility of the natural colorant produced by M. purpureus FNCC 6008 using rice and cassava as carbon substrates. Every experiment was conducted in an erlenmeyer flask filled by 15 g of substrates, sterilized and incubated in an incubator chamber. Three particle sizes of 8, 10, and 16 mesh were employed on the incubation temperatures of 30, 32, and 34 oC for 14 days. Two parameters were measured from the sample to evaluate the results of the fermentation process, i.e. color intensity and water solubility of product. The highest color intensity of 59.6 CVU/gds was obtained from the rice substrate at the particle size of 10 mesh and incubation temperature of 32 oC. That particular fermentation condition resulted in a product with 71.4% product solubility.

The unpredictable weather in Indonesia results in a less effective conventional coffee beans drying process, which usually uses solar energy as a heat source. This experiment aimed to examine the performance of the coffee beans drying using low-temperature geothermal energy (LTGE) with solar energy as the energy source. Heat pipe heat exchanger, which consists of 42 straight heat pipes with staggered configuration, was used to extract the LTGE. The heat pipes have 700 mm length, 10 mm outside diameter with a filling ratio of 50%, and added by 181 pieces of aluminum with a dimension size of 76 mm × 345 mm × 0.105 mm as fins. LTGE was simulated by using water that is heated by three heaters and flowed by a pump. Meanwhile, to simulate the drying process with conventional methods, a system of solar air collectors made of polyurethane sheets with a thickness of 20 mm and dimensions of length × width × height = 160 cm × 76 cm × 10 cm, respectively, was used in this study. Zinc galvalume sheet with 0.3 mm thickness was installed and coated by the black doff color throughout the inner of the container wall. The result showed that the drying process with LTGE and solar energy is faster than with solar energy or geothermal energy only. The drying coffee beans using the hybrid system can speed up the drying coffee beans time by about 23% faster than the solar energy only.

Abstrak. Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit mematikan yang masuk dalam lima besar di Indonesia. Pola makan yang sehat dengan mengkonsumsi makanan rendah gula sangat dianjurkan untuk mencegah penyakit diabetes melitus. Beras sebagai sumber utama karbohidrat di Indonesia dikategorikan sebagai makanan dengan indeks glikemik tinggi. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen beras dengan indeks glikemik rendah yang layak dikonsumsi oleh penderita diabetes mellitus. Berbagai ekstrak digunakan dalam pembuatan beras indeks glikemik rendah seperti strobilanthes crispus, kayu manis, dan muntingia calabura. Beras direndam dengan ekstrak 1% selama 2 jam dan dilanjutkan pemasakan dalam autoklaf selama 15 menit dengan suhu 116°C. Beras kemudian dikeringkan dalam oven pada suhu 50°C selama 24 jam sebelum dimasak dalam rice cooker dan dapat dikonsumsi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beras strobilanthes crispus dan ekstrak kayu manis memiliki indeks glikemik yang lebih rendah dibandingkan beras biasa. Abstract. Diabetes mellitus is a top five deadly disease in Indonesia. A healthy diet with consuming low sugar index food is suggested to prevent diabetes mellitus. Rice as the main source of carbohydrate in Indonesia is categorized as food with a high glycemic index. This study is experimenting rice with a low glycemic index that suitable to be consumed by diabetes mellitus sufferer. Various extracts are used in the making of low glycemic index rice such as strobilanthes crispus, cinnamon, and muntingia calabura. The rice is marinated with 1% extract for 2 hours and continued to cook in an autoclave for 15 minutes with temperature 116°C. The rice then dried in an oven at 50°C for 24 hours before it cooked in a rice cooker and can be consumed. The result shows that strobilanthes crispus and cinnamon extract rice has lower glycemic index than common rice.

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) manifested from employees’ positive-social behaviors that have been getting popular and beneficial to individuals and organizations, especially in the context of nurses in hospitals who are likely to works beyond the call of duties. The current study attempts to measure the mediation effects of organizational learning culture (OLC) and organizational justice (OJ) in the influence of transformational leadership (TFL) toward OCB among nurses. The current study uses questionnaires distributed to nurses in the public hospital, Tuban, Indonesia. A total of 205 out of 208 responses were collected. Then, partial least squares (PLS) were employed to examine the proposed hypothesis. The results reveal that OLC and OJ are significant predictors to promote OCB. Surprisingly, TFL does not show a significant implication on OCB. In addition, the findings of the current research prove that both OLC and OJ completely mediate the relationship between TFL and OCB. This study also proposes that managers have to encourage learning and create a fair environment in fostering employees to exhibit OCB frequently.

Abstrak. Nasi merupakan sumber karbohidrat dan makanan pokok masyarakat di seluruh dunia, khususnya di Asia. Konsumsi karbohidrat khususnya beras dapat menimbulkan efek penyakit diabetes tipe 2. Hal ini disebabkan karena indeks glikemik nasi putih lebih tinggi yaitu 56. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh nasi ciherang setengah matang dan ekstrak daun keji beling. Beras direndam selama 6 jam sehingga kadar air meningkat menjadi 30%. Beras dimasak dalam autoclave pada suhu 116 oC selama 15 menit. Nasi kemudian dikeringkan pada suhu 50 oC selama 24 jam. Metode ini tidak berpengaruh pada penurunan indeks glikemik tetapi meningkatkan indeks glikemik lebih tinggi dari 54, mis. 56 oleh penguji 1 dan 80 oleh penguji 2. Abstract. Rice is a carbohydrate source and staple food for around the world of people, specially in Asia. Carbohydrate consumption , especially rice, can have effects of diabetes desease type 2. It is caused by the glycemic index of white rice is higher of 56. This research was conducted to study the effects of parboiled ciherang rice and extract of keji beling leaf. The rice was submerged for 6 hours so the mouisture increased to 30%. It was cooked in an autoclave at 116 oC for 15 minutes. The cooked rice then it was dried at 50 oC for 24 hours. This method didn’t have effects on reducing glycemic index but it increased the glycemic index higher than 54, e.g. 56 by tester 1 and 80 by tester 2. Keywords: rice, glycemic index, parboiled, ciherang.

Abstract. Ethanol as a renewable fuel has been widely produced in various countries. One source of raw material for producing ethanol is starch. The process of producing ethanol from starch needs to be pretreated so that starch molecules can split into smaller ones. However, this process requires pre-treatment which will expensive more than ethanol from sugar. There are two types of pretreatment i.e. two-step ethanol production and direct fermentation. There is two kind of hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis, and enzymatic hydrolysis. Two-step ethanol production is a conventional method that separates pretreatment and fermentation process, while direct fermentation is the direct production of starch into ethanol using recombinant yeast that co-produces enzymes such as amylose and glucoamylase. Two-step ethanol production has the advantage of high yield but needs high cost whereas, direct fermentation has the advantage of low-cost production but needs longer time. Common starch to ethanol production consists of two stages, namely hydrolysis of raw materials into glucose and fermentation into ethanol. Both of these processes can be run on average at temperatures of 30-80oC with a pH range of 4-6 and varying time intervals. The enzyme used depends on the source of the starch, but the most commonly used is Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Keywords: Ethanol, starch, pre-treatment

Previous literatures have described the influence of ethical leadership on employees’ outcomes. However, many researchers have not yet revealed the mechanism of this effect. Previous research has found that cultural and social factors influence leader-ship styles; therefore, studying ethical leadership styles in different cultural and social environments is important in order to uncover the effectiveness of ethical leadership styles. The purpose of this study was to examine how the mechanism of Islamic ethical leadership influences the behavior of professional nurses who work at the Islamic Hos-pital. There were 212 professional nurses used as the respondents in this study. The data were collected using questionnaires and processed quantitatively using Struc-tural Equation Model (SEM). The results showed that all the hypotheses proposed were accepted. Islamic ethical leadership is proven to have a significant influence on ethical behavior of nurses. Besides, ethical sensitivity is proven to have a significant positive effect on ethical behavior. This study also proves that ethical sensitivity mod-erates the influence of Islamic ethical leadership on nurses' ethical behavior. It can be implied that ethical sensitivity is an important factor for developing employees’ ethi-cal behavior in the workplace.

The research aims to find out whether there is any significant correlation between infrastructural facilities, training, and performance of agricultural extension agents, mediated by job satisfaction in the Agricultural Extension Office in Malang Raya. This research used a qualitative method. The data was collected using a questionnaire, and the technique used in taking the sample was saturation sampling. The sample comprised all agricultural extension agents who were also civil servants, who had working experience of a minimum of one year, and worked at the district-level agricultural extension office in Malang. The total respondents were 145 people. The data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Square (PLS) Method by employing the 3.0 SmartPLS program. The research results showed that all the hypotheses put forward were corroborated except the one dealing with infrastructural facilities. Infrastructural facilities did not have a significant effect on job satisfaction because their availability had not been considerably capitalized on in carrying out the agricultural extension. Besides, it was found that job satisfaction did not mediate the influence of infrastructure on the performance of the extension agents. Recommendations for research in the future on similar topics may use an additional comparison between the satisfaction of expert and skilled agricultural extension agents, and the research method may be developed using qualitative methods.

This study examines the influence of transactional leadership style and organizational culture toward organizational performance through work motivation. The object research is Police Resort Office in Malang. The research problem is to analyze the significance of the transactional leadership style and organizational culture on organizational performance and work motivation. By using a simple random sampling technique, the sample is 91 people based on the Taro Yamane formula. This study uses the Path Analysis. There are two independent variables which are transactional leadership style and Organizational Culture. The dependent variable is organizational performance and work motivation as well as a mediating variable. The results show that there is a significant influence of transactional leadership style and organizational culture employment performance and on work motivation directly, and transactional leadership style and organizational culture on employee performance by using a work motivation as median variable as well. For the further advantage of both performance and motivation, it is suggested to Polresta Malang to enhance the transactional leadership style and cultural organization.

This research aimed to analyze and explain the role of the Pela Gandong culture in Maluku in improving the performance of hospital nurses in Maluku, Indonesia, through the mediation of personality and work commitment. This research used a survey method with a quantitative approach. The study was conducted at general hospitals in Maluku, Indonesia by involving 189 respondents and the analytical tool used was SEM-PLS. The results showed that the Pela Gandong culture influenced personality and work commitment but had no effect on employee performance. Meanwhile, personality and work commitment had an effect on employee performance. Thus, both personality and work commitment mediated the effect of the Pela Gandong culture on employee performance. Interestingly, the Pela Gandong culture had no effect on employee performance. However, through the mediation of personality and work commitment, the Pela Gandong culture could affect employee performance.

This research was carried out in fourteen ministries and one national staff agency, which was the largest and most comprehensive study of government institutions that examined the importance of the recruitment, selection and organizational culture of employee performance which is still an important issue in developing coun-tries. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of recruitment, selection and organizational culture on the performance of civil servants, especially at the National Personnel Agency and 14 Ministries. This re-search was conducted in the Democratic Republic of Timor Leste (RDTL) with an area of 15,410 KM2. The total population is 1,261,072 people. The study began in September 2018 until February 2019, using quantitative (positivism) methods. The study was conducted using proportional random sampling, so that from each work unit a total of 1000 target populations and 286 samples were obtained using a questionnaire. This re-search used structural equation modeling (SEM) method with partial least square (SEM-PLS) approach. The results of the study found that well-programed recruitment was not able to provide significant results either directly or through organizational culture, but recruitment could have a significant effect on job performance through mediation selection. Moreover, well-programmed recruitment backed by selection quality could improve employee performance.

Abstract. Pre-treatment is an important tool for practical cellulose conversion processes and can be carried out in different ways such as mechanical pre-treatment, steam explosion, ammonia fiber explosion, supercritical CO2 treatment, alkali or acid pretreatment, ozone pre-treatment, physicochemical pretreatment, dilute-acid pretreatment and biological pre-treatment. Biomass pretreatment with hot water (HW) is the most investigated physicochemical method use the differences in the thermal stabilities of the major components of lignocellulosic materials. Acid pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass aims at increasing the sugar substrate digestibility, defined as the concentration of reducing sugars after the hydrolysis, by microorganisms. Acid hydrolysis is an attractive pretreatment method as the hemicellulose degradation runs with the efficiency of approximately 20-90%, depending on the process conditions. Dilute acid (DA) processes with continued research and development, no significant breakthroughs have been made to raise the glucose yields much higher than 65-70%. Acid pretreatment is much more effective than water and alkaline pretreatment in terms of cellulose accessibility increase compared with DA and HW pretreatment. Keywords: ethanol, cellulosic, pre-treatment

Abstrak. Bahan bakar berbasis minyak bumi merupakan sumber energi utama yang digunakan di dunia. Namun, ada masalah di masa depan dengan cadangan minyak bumi yang menurun. Oleh karena itu beralih ke sumber energi alternatif adalah suatu keharusan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh laju alir umpan dan laju alir daur ulang terhadap proses fermentasi bioetanol menggunakan baffled reactor aerob-anaerobik terintegrasi, khususnya terhadap produksi bioetanol dan konsumsi gula. Proses start up dijalankan dengan volume kerja medium 25 L selama 54 jam inkubasi. Aliran daur ulang bervariasi menjadi 5 L/jam dan 10 L/jam ketika feed rate 12,6 L/jam. Dalam percobaan lain, laju aliran umpan dijalankan pada 5 dan 12,6 L/jam ketika laju aliran daur ulang adalah 10 L/jam. Sampel kaldu diambil secara berkala untuk pengukuran konsentrasi bioetanol, populasi ragi dan sisa gula konsumsi. Percobaan menghasilkan konsentrasi bioetanol tertinggi sebesar 14% v/v pada limbah reaktor. Ini lebih tinggi dari proses tanpa daur ulang media proses. Namun demikian, tidak ada perbedaan pengaruh laju alir daur ulang 5 L/jam dan 10 L/jam terhadap produksi bioetanol. Abstract. Petroleum based fuel is the main energy source used in the world. However, there is a future problem with the declined petroleum reserves. Therefore changing to alternative energy resource is a must. This reserach was to investigate the effects of feed flowrate and recycle flow rate on bioethanol fermentation process using integrated aerobic-anaerobic baffled reactor, especially on bioethanol production and sugar consumption. Start up process was run with working volume of 25 L medium for 54 hours incubation. The recycle flow varried into 5 L/h and 10 L/h when the feed rate was 12.6 L/h. In other experiments, the feed flow rate was run at 5 and 12.6 L/h when the recycle flow rate was 10 L/h. The broth samples were taken out periodically for measurements of bioethanol concentration, yeast population and residual sugar of consumptions. The experiments results in the highest bioethanol concentration of 14% v/v at the effluent of reactor. It is higher from the process without recyle of process medium. Nevertherless, no difference effect of the recycle flow rate of 5 L/h and 10 L/h on the bioethanol production. Keywords: Bioethanol, Baffled Reactor, Feed, Recycle

Industrial wastewater treatment using Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) can improve effluent quality at lower cost than that obtained by other biological treatment methods. Further optimization is still required to enhance effluent quality until it meets standard quality and to reduce the operating cost of treatment of high strength organic wastewater. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of pretreatment (pH adjustment and prechlorination) and aeration time on effluent quality and COD removal rate in tapioca wastewater treatment using SBR. Pretreatment was done by (1) adjustment of tapioca wastewater pH to control (4.92), 7, and 8, and (2) tapioca wastewater prechlorination at pH 8 during hour using calcium hypochlorite in variation dosages 0, 2, 4, 6 mg/L Cl2, SBR operation was conducted according to following steps: (1) Filling of pre-treated wastewater into a bioreactor during 1 hour, and (2) aeration of the mixture of tapioca wastewater and activated sludge during 8 hours. Effluent sample was collected at every 2-hours aeration for COD analysis. COD removal rate mathematical formula was got by first deriving the best fit function between aeration time and COD. Optimum aeration time resulting in no COD removal rate. The value of COD effluent and its removal rate in optimum aeration time was used to determine the recommended of operation condition of pretreatment. Research result shows that chosen pH operation condition is pH 8. Prechorination can make effluent quality which meets standard quality and highest COD removal rate. The chosen Cl2 dosage is 6 mg/L.

Background:. One in five children die from diarrhea every year in Indonesia. Provision of replacement fluids or rehydration fluids as the initial treatment of diarrhea can reduce mortality due to dehydration but the behavior of the community in the initial management of diarrhea in households is not good enough (32.47%). Purpose: This study aimed to identify the level of mothers’ knowledge on the initial treatment of toddler’s diarrhea in Papringan Sleman hamlet in 2015. Methods: This study was a study that used a cross sectional descriptive study design. The subjects of this study were 54 mothers who had toddlers and lived in Citizen Association (RW) 02 and RW 05 in the Papringan hamlet. Data retrieval is done by interviewing the questionnaire guideline. The measuring instrument of this study uses a closed questionnaire (correct/ incorrect form). The level of knowledge in the initial treatment of toddlers’ diarrhea in this study is based on the correct score obtained by the mothers from the questionnaire sheets. Results: Characteristics of respondents mostly mothers are less then 45 years old, having secondary education, exposure to information, and sources of exposured-information are mostly from direct sources. The level of mother's knowledge is mostly sufficient (57.40%). Conclusion: Most respondents who are over the age of 45 years, have a secondary education, are exposed to information, and get information from direct sources have sufficient knowledge about early treatment of toddlers’ diarrhea.

Purpose: This study aims to find out how to increase the competitive advantage of a company through the development of digital innovation that utilizes company resources optimally to improve business performance. Namely, the aim is to examine the effect of company resources on digital innovation and business performance, and the effect of company resources on business performance through digital innovation. Methods: This study uses a quantitative research approach. Observations were made in a cross-section/one shot in 2022. The population of this study was the ISP industry in Indonesia, which amounted to 474 companies, and the unit of observation was the management. Samples were taken from 240 respondents. This study used structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the causality correlational relationship between constructs. Results: The hypothesis testing shows that company resources have a significant direct effect on business performance, and company resources have a significant indirect effect on business performance through digital innovation. The indirect effect of company resources on business performance through digital innovation is more dominant than the direct effect of company resources on business performance. Conclusions: Improving business performance and competitive advantage will be better achieved by optimizing the utilization of the company’s existing resources to develop digital innovation, compared to directly increasing the company’s resources to improve business performance.

This study aims to determine and analyze the role of perceived value in influencing political marketing mix on voting decision for Head of Region in the Election of Governor and Deputy Governor of Banten in 2017. The population of this study involves people who have the rights to vote in Banten and are kept on the permanent voter list. Sample of this study consists of 664 respondents, in which most of the respondents include casual workers, outsourcing, casual daily laborers, housewives, and workers who do not need special skills. The proportional random sampling technique was utilized in determining the number of respondents. SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) was conducted by applying WarpPLS 6.0. The results of the study indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between political marketing mix and perceived value concerning the voting decision, as demonstrated by positive and significant effect on perceived value. The findings confirmed that political marketing mix influenced the decision to elect a Head of Region mediated by perceived value. To improve the decision to vote, the researchers believe/suggest that providing attention to political products such as branding of political candidates, is thus deemed necessary.

This study aims to determine the effect of Muslim customer perceived value on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty of sharia banking and religiosity role in moderating the existing effect. The study population includes all customers of Sharia banking. Total samples of 104 respondents are selected by accidental sampling technique. To know and to test the research hypothesis, data are analyzed by partial least square (PLS). This study has four results. First, the Muslim customer perceived value (MCPV) variable directly affects customer satisfaction. It consists of price, emotional values, and social values variables. While the quality, Islamic physical attributes, and Islamic non-physical attributes variables directly do not affect satisfaction of Islamic bank-ing customers. Second, Muslim customer perceived value (MCPV) variable directly affects customer loyalty. It consists of price, emotional value, physical and non-physical attributes of Islam. Moreover, quality and social value variables directly do not affect loyalty of sharia banking customers. Third, satisfaction only mediates the effect of price, emotional value, and social value variables on the loyalty of sharia banking customers. Satisfaction does not mediate the effect of quality, Islamic physical attributes, and Islamic non-physical attributes affect the loyalty of sharia banking customers. Forth, Religiosity does not moderate the effect of Muslim customer perceived value (MCPV) variable, namely Islamic physical attributes and Islamic non-physical attributes, on satisfaction of sharia banking customers.

This study aims to explore human resource management practice based on competency in public sector organizations by taking case studies at the Government of Tulungagung Regency. The human resource management practice based on competency in public sector organizations have been conducted through the application of Law no. 5/2014 about the State Civil Apparatus. This study uses a qualitative approach where data obtained through semi-structured in-depth interviews of 7 (seven) research informants which authorized in public sector human resource management. The results of data analysis shows that the implementation of human resources management practice based on competency is found in the recruitment and selection process, career management and competency development. But human resources management practice on competency is not found in the performance appraisal.

The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the relationship of workload, work stress, and social support for employee turnover intentions of PT. Bentoel Prima Malang. This study uses a population of all Primary Manufacturing Department (PMD) permanent employees of 83 employees. All members of the population are used as research samples (total sampling). Analysis tool to test the relationship between variables using the help of smartPLS 3.0. The results showed that workload did not significantly influence turnover intention. Job stress plays a mediating role between workload and work stress. Social support does not moderate work stress on turnover intention. The theoretical implications of this research provide opportunities for further research on workloads, not a major factor in employee decisions leaving the organization. Practical implications in this study provide new insights to companies and employees about the negative impact of increasing workload.

The writing of the Student Creativity Program (SCP) titles has its appeal and uniqueness. One of which can be seen in the process of forming words in the form of acronyms. This article aims to describe the process and results of the formation of acronyms on the writing of SCP titles funded in 2018. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. This research data are in the form of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences in the SCP titles. The source of research data is the SCP titles from 5 fields in 2018. Data collection uses observation and note-taking techniques. The method of data analysis is the constituent analysis method and its expansion techniques, namely techniques of removing, inserting, replacing, and expanding. The data validity test uses theory triangulation. The results show that the formation of acronyms produced five forms of acronyms on the writing of the SCP titles, namely acronyms derived from two words, three words, four words, five words, and more than five words. Three acronym formation processes are found, namely using the initial letters of words, using syllables or fragments of words, and using mixes of initial letters of words and syllables or fragments of words.

Utilization of sunlight using solar panels as power plants began to be developed to reduce the use of fossil fuels. The purpose of this study is to design an MPPT model with PV sources. The PID controller is used to improve MPPT performance in regulating the boost converter, while the PID value is set with fuzzy logic. Research methods include simulation design, hardware, load capacity calculation, and fuzzy logic design. The trial was conducted using an electric load in the house. The results of previous studies, using PID control generated 88.77% efficiency. The results of the study using PID control that is regulated by fuzzy logic produces 95.79% efficiency. This method is also able to improve the output of the boost converter voltage, so that with this method the boost converter output voltage is better when compared to other methods.

HYDROGEN SULFIDE REMOVAL FROM BIOGAS USING DIGESTER EFFLUENT ABSORBENT IN A CONTINUOUS VERTICAL COLUMN. Gas-Liquid mass transfer is one of the most commonly used phenomena in the chemical process, such as absorbtion. This research evaluates the value of liquid phase mass transfer coefficient of hydrogen sulfide removal from biogas in a continous contactor column for digester effluent-biogas system. This study was carried out by contacting biogas at certain flow with digester effluent continously in a counter-current flow packed bed column. Samples were taken in steady state condition. This research used raschig rings, large balls, and small balls as packing materials with surface areas are 0.9269 m2/m3, 0.6279 m2/m3, and 0.2992 m2/m3 respectively at volumetric flow rates of biogas from 0.1109 m3/h to 0.8846 m3/h. The results show that the relationship between the variables and mass transfer coefficient gives following mathematical model This model is valid in the range of (As·dt) and (Vg/dt·DL) respectively from 0.03 to 0.09 and from 237,267.08 to 3,307,522.67. Average error is 17.85%.

Linoleic acid is a Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) that corresponds to Omega 6 Fatty Acid. This is the major component of vegetable oil and very important for health. As an essential fatty acid, linoleic acid has to be obtained from foods. Consumption of omega fatty acid in the form of concentrate has more benefit than the whole oil. Fulfilling this requirement, effective method to separate PUFAs from vegetable oils is needed. One of the favorable methods is urea complexation. Palm oil was used as the fatty acids resource due to its potential feedstock in Indonesia. This aim of this research is to study the effect of urea, ethanol and free fatty acid (FFA) ratios during complexation of palm oil. This research was developed in three steps, 1) free fatty acid preparation from palm oil (saponification process), 2) crystallization of the fatty acids mixture and 3) filtration for separating the unsaturated fatty acid. Concentrated linoleic acid is obtained in the liquid phase, while the saturated fatty acid is obtained in the solid. This research resulted that the concentration of PUFA was increasing as the ratio of urea, FFA and ethanol increases.

The high price of bioethanol is the barrier of its implementation as renewable energy sources. Therefore, efforts to reduce its price is an important factor to drive the implementation. Stripping is a way to separate bioethanol from the broth which will be cheaper than distillation process. This research was aimed to separate bioethanol from its fermented molasses. The effect of feed flow rate, air flow rate and feed temperature were investigated. A column with inside diameter of 0.1 m was used and packed with 0.02 x 0.016 m PVC rashig ring at 1 m of bed. The broth was fed from the top side and the air stripper was flown down from the bottom side. Six millimeters of the top product was collected at steady state condition for analysis of bioethanol concentration. The best experiment was the one which had feed flow rate 1,5 L/min and stripping air flow rate of 5,85 L/min. It resulted bioethanol content of 19.39% or equivalent to 38.5% stripped out of the broth.

From the research that l’ve done that in class IV SDN 38 Rejang Lebong about the subject of Bahasa Indonesia still use the old method like speech method, so the understanding the students in reading. The Cooperative Integrated and Reading Composition method for the learning of bahasa Indonesia. This research use classromm action research using descriptive qualitative. The object of the research is the students of class IV SDN 38 Rejang Lebong. The learning process in Bahasa Indonesia using the CIRC model can done in 3 cycles. The result of the research show that the application of CIRC model for the understanding of the material of reading the intensif text can run effectively. The ability to read the understanding of the students are literal understanding, reorganizing and inferensial. The texts that are given to students have been swithched with the SMOG formula. The result of the study in cycle 1 has medium 69,5 and increase in the second cycle become 70 and increase in the third cycle with the medium 70,59. Based on this research can be suggested that this research well preparation and good attension in dividing a group task and avoid mistake in organizing the group and chosing the suitable text for the stidents based on their age.

The purpose of this study is to analyze and explain the effects of cause-related marketing (CRM) campaigns on repurchase intentions in Surabaya, Indonesia, through the mediation of brand awareness, consumer attitudes and corporate image. The study design used a survey and data collection through questionnaires. The unit of analysis includes consumers who bought Aqua mineral water and know of the Aqua campaigns CRM program buy 1 for 10 who live in the city of Surabaya. The research hypothesis was tested using variance-based Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Partial Least Square (PLS). The results show that the CRM Campaigns directly had no significant effect on repurchase intentions. Interestingly, the effect of CRM Campaigns on repurchase intentions mediated by brand awareness, consumer attitudes and company image can significantly influence consumer repurchase intentions.

This study investigated the effect of adding strontium (Sr)-doped cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles in carbonyl iron particle (CIP)-based magnetorheological fluids (MRFs). Sr-CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were fabricated at different particle sizes using co-precipitation at calcination temperatures of 300 and 400 °C. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to evaluate the morphology of the Sr-CoFe2O4 nanoparticles, which were found to be spherical. The average grain sizes were 71–91 nm and 118–157 nm for nanoparticles that had been calcinated at 300 and 400 °C, respectively. As such, higher calcination temperatures were found to produce larger-sized Sr-CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. To investigate the rheological effects that Sr-CoFe2O4 nanoparticles have on CIP-based MRF, three MRF samples were prepared: (1) CIP-based MRF without nanoparticle additives (CIP-based MRF), (2) CIP-based MRF with Sr-CoFe2O4 nanoparticles calcinated at 300 °C (MRF CIP+Sr-CoFe2O4-T300), and (3) CIP-based MRF with Sr-CoFe2O4 nanoparticles calcinated at 400 °C (MRF CIP+Sr-CoFe2O4-T400). The rheological properties of these MRF samples were then observed at room temperature using a rheometer with a parallel plate at a gap of 1 mm. Dispersion stability tests were also performed to determine the sedimentation ratio of the three CIP-based MRF samples.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perlindungan hukum dari status terhadap laki-laki dan perempuan yang melakukan perkawinan campuran sebelum dan sesudah berlakunya undang-undang No 12 tahun 2006 tentang kewarganegaran dan untuk mengetahui perlindungan hukum terhadap status anak dari laki-laki dan prempuan yang melakukan perkawinan campuran sebelum dan sesudah berlakunya undang-undang No 12 tahun 2006 tentang kewarganegaraan. Sebelum ada UU yang mengatur tentang Kewarganegaran Republik Indonesia yang baru yaitu UU No 12 tahun 2006 kedudukan seorang perempuan dalam kawin campuran sangat tidak mendapat dukungan dimata hukum negara setempat. Setelah ada UU tentang kewarganegaraan yang baru nasib anak dalam pernikahan campuran diakui oleh negara indonesia sebagai warganegara Indonesia. Di bawah UU yang baru, anak-anak hasil perkawinan campur memiliki dua kewarganegaraan sampai mereka berusia 18 tahun plus 3 tahun. Perlindungan hukum terhadap status anak dari laki-laki dan perempuan yang melangsungkan perkawinan campuran sebelum dan sesudah ada Undang-Undang No. 12 Tahun 2006 tentang Kewarganegaraan. Berdasarkan UU Kewarganegaraan yang lama, anak hanya mengikuti kewarganegaraan ayahnya sehingga anak hanya mendapatkan perlindungan hukum untuk berstatus terbatas mengikuti kewarganegaraan ayahnya. Namun, berdasarkan UU Kewarganegaraan yang baru UU No. 12 Tahun 2006 tentang Kewarganegaraan anak akan memiliki dua kewarganegaraan dan setelah anak berusia 18 tahun atau sudah kawin maka ia harus menentukan pilihannya dan hal tersebut merupakan bentuk perlindungan hukum yang lebih luas untuk memberikan hak memilih kewarganegaraan kepada si anak yang lahir dari perkawinan campuran.

This research aims to examine and analyze the direct effect of the work environment on lecturer performance and indirect effect of work environment on lecturer performance through work motivation and job satisfaction in State Polytechnic of Malang. The population of this research is all lecturers State Polytechnic of Malang with civil servant status (PNS) amounted to 314 people with 256 respondents. Data were obtained by using questionnaire. Partial Least Square (PLS) is used to analyze and test the hypothesis that followed by online Sobel test to test the variables of work motivation and job satisfaction as mediation. This study shows that there is a positive and significant effect of the work environment on lecturer performance, work environment on work motivation, work motivation on lecturer performance, work environment on job satisfaction. However, job satisfaction has no significant effect on lecturer’s performance. The result of mediation testing, work motivation mediate the effect of the work environment partially to lecturer performance, and job satisfaction hasn’t a role as a mediation on the effect of the work environment to lecturer performance.

The purpose of this study is to examine and determine the factors that can affect employee performance improvement in finance companies. The research method used is a quantitative approach. Data were analyzed by Partial Least Square (PLS) statistic tool. This research was conducted at PT. Mandiri Tunas Finance Malang Branch and Pasuruan Satellite. The population in this study were all permanent employees, amounting to 82 people. Furthermore, the entire population became the respondents so that this research used the census method in the sample determination. Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that the factors that can improve employee performance in finance company are motivation, especially motivation that comes from within the employees themselves (intrinsic motivation) and organizational culture, while leadership can influence the improvement of employee performance if mediated by work motivation. Some suggestions that can be put forward to improve employee performance in finance companies are building employee work motivation, by holding special education program for employees in order to get promotion, continuous training, provides a challenging task, and adequate working facilities; Create a good organizational culture so that it can help employees to make it easier to carry out their work; Recruiting employees who have work experience ranging from 5 years with educational background is a bachelor.

Ethanol as the promising alternative fuel in Indonesia fights against cost competitiveness with fossil fuel due to low productivity using a conventional batch process. Therefore, the production of ethanol employing continuous fermentation process in which it acquires higher productivity was investigated. The investigation was done using uncontrolled continuous process in the integrated aerobic–anaerobic baffled reactor for 168–340 h at 30℃ and medium pH of 4–5. The substrate of sugarcane molasses–water was varied in three concentrations, i.e. 20, 30, and 45% w/w. The productivity was indicated by ethanol concentration in the effluent stream and sugar to ethanol conversion (fermentation efficiency). The result showed that average ethanol concentration of 20, 30, and 45% molasses was 50.43, 62.70, and 57.17 g/l, respectively. Further, the fermentation efficiencies were 87.2, 80.3, and 46.7% for each of the molasses concentrations. The productivity can be monitored as follows: 1.75 g/l h (20% molasses), 2.31 g/l h (30% molasses), and 2.01 (45% molasses). Additionally, the steadiness of the process for long process duration was observed, and the result showed that the ethanol productivity was raised from 2.31 g/l h (168 h) to 2.71 g/l h (340 h).

MATHEMATICS MODELLING OF POLYHYDROXYBUTYRATE (PHB) PRODUCTION FROM TAPIOCA. One of the technical approaches to get improvement of PHB productivity was a process simulation by using mathematical modeling. The objective of this research was to develop mathematical model which could be used to simulate fermentation of polyhydroxybutyrate production by Bacillus cereus IFO 13690 using tapioca substrates. Three different experiments with initial ammonium of 0.286, 0.566, and 1.203 g/L were carried out in 5 L fermentor and 500 rpm of agitation speed. The pH medium was controlled at 5.6 after it came down from the initial pH of 6.8. Meanwhile, the initial doT was 70% air saturation and also came down to and maintained at doT of 5% air saturation. PHB accumulation was growth associated product. Model of bacteria mechanism on utilizing tapioca and the mathematical model were proposed. The proposed model was suitable with the experimental phenomena. However, the rate of fermentation process was the controlling rate for overall PHB synthesis. Abstrak Salah satu pendekatan teknis untuk melakukan optimasi proses fermentasi adalah melakukan simulasi menggunakan model matematika. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan model matematika yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan simulasi proses pada fermentasi produksi polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) dari tapioka oleh Bacillus cereus IFO 13690. Tiga buah percobaan dengan konsentrasi amonium awal 0,286, 0,566, dan 1,203 g/L dilakukan pada fermentor dengan volume 5 L dan kecepatan pengadukan 500 rpm. Percobaan dilakukan dengan kondisi awal pH 6,8 dan konsentrasi oksigen terlarut (doT) 70% udara jenuh. Kondisi awal tidak dikontrol sehingga pH medium turun dan dijaga pada 5,6 menggunakan pengontrol pH. Sedangkan doT turun dan dikontrol pada 5% udara jenuh. Data percobaan dan model matematika menunjukkan bahwa produksi PHB mengikuti pola pertumbuhan berasosiasi dengan produk (growth associated product). Model mekanisme pemanfaatan tapioka dan model matematika yang diusulkan sesuai dengan fenomena proses yang terjadi dalam percobaan. Kecepatan proses fermentasi merupakan kecepatan yang mengontrol keseluruhan proses sintesis PHB.

ABSTRAKS Penelitian ini mengkaji kepemimpinan efektif yang ditinjau dari konsep gaya kepemimpinan yang berorientasi tugas dan karyawan terhadap kinerja dan kepuasan kerja karyawan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh yang signifikan antara gaya kepemimpinan yang berorientasi tugas dan karyawan terhadap kinerja karyawan, (2) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh yang signifikan antara gaya kepemimpinan yang berorientasi tugas dan karyawan terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan, dan (3) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh secara signifikan antara gaya kepemimpinan yang berorientasi tugas terhadap kinerja dan kepuasan kerja karyawan baik secara maupun tidak langsung. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian survey. Individu sebagai unit analisis terdiri dari para karyawan PT. Semen Gresik (Persero) Tbk. dengan jumlah sampel 68 karyawan dari populasi 212 karyawan. Uji hipotesis dilakukan analisis jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) gaya kepemimpinan yang berorientasi tugas dan karyawan mempunyai pengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja, (2) gaya kepemimpinan yang berorientasi tugas dan karyawan mempunyai pengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan, dan (3) gaya kepemimpinan yang berorientasi tugas dan karyawan terhadap kinerja dan kepuasan kerja karyawan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, menunjukkan bahwa gaya kepemimpinan yang berorientasi tugas secara dominan berpengaruh terhadap kinerja dan kepuasan kerja karyawan. Kami menyarankan pihak perusahaan lebih memperhatikan kepentingan karyawan juga untuk mencapai tujuan mereka. Kata Kunci: Gaya kepemimpinan, kepuasan kerja ABSTRACTS The study perceives the effectiveness of leadership from the effect of leader`s style that orientation task and employee on the employee`s job performance and employee`s job satisfaction. The study aims at : (1) finding out significantly effects of the leader`s style that orientation task and employee on employee`s job performance, (2) finding out significantly effects of the leader`s style that orientation task and employee on employee`s job satisfaction, and (3) ) finding out significantly effects of the leader`s style that orientation task and employee on employee`s job performance and employee`s job satisfaction directly and indirectly. This is a survey research involving the employees of PT. Semen Gresik , at the analysis unit, with sample of 68 from 212 employees a quastionaire was used. Hipothesis testing was done by path analysis. The result of study showed that : (1) leader`s style that orientation task and employee are significantly affected the employee`s job performance, (2) leader`s style that orientation task and employee are significantly affected the employee`s job satisfaction, and (3) leader`s style that orientation task and employee are significantly effected the employee`s job performance and employee`s job satisfaction. Based on the finding, therefore, it is suggested that the leder`s style on orientation task is basically dominant variable in influencing the employee`s job performance and employee`s job satisfaction. We also suggested that the organization pay more attention to their employee`s need to get their goals. Keywords: Leadership, job satisfaction

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh keinginan wanita tampil lebih cantik dengan kulit yang putih dan bersih, sehingga muncul produk kosmetika pemutih wajah. Dengan munculnya banyak produk pemutih wajah ini maka konsumen dihadapkan pada berbagai faktor untuk pengambilan keputusan pembelian produk kosmetika pemutih wajah. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu: Tujuan pertama adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menjadi pertimbangan konsumen dalam mengambil keputusan pembelian produk kosmetik pemutih wajah. Tujuan Kedua adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor kelas sosial, kelompok referensi, keluarga, sikap, motivasi, dan persepsi terhadap keputusan pembelian kosmetik pemutih wajah. Tujuan Ketiga adalah untuk mengetahui faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi konsumen dalam mengambil keputusan pembelian kosmetik pemutih wajah. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tanggal 02 Agustus 2002 sampai dengan 15 Oktober 2002. Responden yang diambil dari penelitian ini adalah mahasiswi yang sudah menggunakan produk kosmetik pemutih wajah sampai dengan saat ini. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan accidental sampling. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Analisa yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Analisa Faktor dan Analisis Regresi Berganda. Variabel-variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ada 18 variabel yaitu tingkat sosial, tingkat pendapatan, tingkat selera, pengalaman teman kampus, pengalaman tetangga, pengalaman sahabat karib, peran ibu, saudara kandung, famili, merek baru, merek sama, keamanan, trend atau mode, kepercayaan, kecantikan, kemasan, kualitas dan harga. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah: 1) Terdapat 6 faktor yang dipertimbangkan oleh mahasiswi dalam memutuskan membeli kosmetik wajah. Keenam faktor yang dipertimbangkan adalah faktor keluarga dan sikap yang meliputi keamanan, merek baru, peran ibu dan saudara kandung; faktor motivasi meliputi kemasan, harga, dan kualitas; faktor motivasi meliputi mode dan kepercayaan; faktor kelompok referensi meliputi pengalaman tetangga dan sahabat karib; faktor kelas sosial meliputi tingkat selera dan tingkat sosial, faktor kecantikan meliputi keamanan dan merek lama. 2) Hasil regresi berganda menunjukkan bahwa ke enam faktor yaitu faktor keluarga dan sikap, faktor persepsi, faktor motivasi, faktor kelompok referensi, faktor tingkat sosial faktor kecantikan secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian produk kosmetik pemutih wajah. 3) Secara parsial faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian kosmetik pemutih wajah adalah faktor sikap dan keluarga (F1), faktor persepsi (F2), faktor motivasi (F3), faktor kelas sosial (F4). Dari keempat faktor tersebut yang paling dominan pengaruhnya terhadap keputusan pembelian kosmetik pemutih wajah adalah faktor persepsi, secara operasional ditunjukkan oleh kemasan (X16), kualitas (X17), dan harga ( X18). Mengingat besarnya proporsi atau sumbangan variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat sebesar 84,80% dan sisanya masih terdapat sebesar 15.20% variabel bebas yang tidak ikut diteliti, maka bagi peneliti selanjutnya diharapkan dapat mengembangkan variabel yang lebih luas misalnya memasukkan faktor sensitif kulit, kesehatan kulit dan sebagainya. Kata kunci: faktor-faktor yang dipertimbangkan, keputusan pembelian ABSTRACT The women’s desire to be more beautiful in their appearance with clean and clear and white skin, thus it is supported by the emerged of facial whitening series. As many as these facial whitening series, the customers were facing certain directions I order to making decision of facial whitening series products. Purposes of this study are: first, to know what kind of factors that are related to customer’s consideration on buying the cosmetics product of facial whitening series. Second, to know the relationship among social groups, references group, family, attitude, motivation, and perception toward the decision of buying the cosmetics product of facial whitening series. Third, to know the dominant factor, this mostly has influenced customer on buying the cosmetics product of facial whitening series. The survey was done on August 2, 2002 until October 15, 2002. The respondents were university students who have used the cosmetics product of facial whitening series as far as nowadays. The data was collected by using purposive sampling methods and accidental sampling. Data were taken by using questionnaire. This paper using factors analysis and double regression analysis. There are 18 variables, they are: social level, income level, taste level, college friend experiences, neighbour experience, best friend experience, mother roles, womb sister, relatives, new brand, same brand, safety, trend or mode, trust, beauty, packaging, quality, and price. It is concluded that (1) there are 6 factors, which were considered by university students on buying the cosmetics product of facial whitening series. Those six factors are family and attitude, including safety, new brand, mother roles and womb sister; motivation, including mode and trust; references group, including taste level and social level; beauty factor, including safety and old brand. (2) The result of double regression showed that those six factors, they are family and attitude perception, motivation, references group, social level, and beauty factors simultaneously influenced the decision of buying the cosmetics product of facial whitening series. (3) Partially, the influenced factor toward the decision of buying the cosmetics product of facial whitening series is attitude and family (F), perception (F2), motivation (F3), and social level (F4). From those four factors, the dominant one is perception, and operationally it was shown by packaging (X16), quality (X17), and price (X18). Reminding how bigger the proportion or contribution of independent variables to dependent variable for 84.80% and still 15.20% independent variables which are not surveyed, thus for the future research, it is suggested to develop the variables widely, such as included the skin sensitivity or skin health, and so on. Keywords: the factors considered, the consumers purchasing decision