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A Osteopatia craniomandibular (OCM) é uma doença rara, autolimitante que acomete animais jovens, entre três a oito meses e não tem caráter neoplásico. É caracterizada pela proliferação óssea que atinge os ossos da mandíbula, mas também pode envolver outras estruturas como articulação temporomandibular, ossos do crânio e ossos longos, causando dor e desconforto. Foi atendido um cão, fêmea com quatro meses de idade com algia mandibular antes e após ter sofrido queda de altura. Com os exames foram observadas alterações condizentes com OCM. Diante do caso, foi estabelecido tratamento analgésico e acompanhamento com exames de imagem e exames de sangue. O animal teve boa resposta ao tratamento e não necessitou de outras intervenções.

Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals during critical windows of development may lead to functional abnormalities in adulthood. Isoflavones are a flavonoid group of phytoestrogens that are recognized by their estrogenic activity and are highly abundant in soybean. Since the thyroid gland presents estrogen receptors and infants, toddlers and teenagers may consume isoflavones from soy-based infant formula and beverages as alternatives to animal milk, we propose to investigate the potential effects of relevant concentrations of soy isoflavones in the regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary (HP) thyroid axis using peripubertal male rats as an experimental model. Thirty-two 23-day-old male rats were exposed to 0.5, 5, or 50 mg of soy isoflavones/kg from weaning to 60 days of age, when they were euthanized, and the tissues were collected to evaluate the mRNA expression of genes involved in the regulation of the HP thyroid axis and dosages of thyroid hormones (THs). Serum TSH concentrations were increased, while alterations were not observed in serum concentrations of triiodothyronine and thyroxine. Regarding mRNA gene expression, Mct-8 was increased in the hypothalamus, Mct-8, Thra1, and Thrb2 were decreased in the pituitary, and Nis and Pds were reduced in the thyroid. In the heart, Mct8 and Thrb2 were increased, and Thra1 was decreased. In the liver, Mct8, Thra1, and Thrb2 were decreased. These results suggest that the consumption of relevant doses of soy isoflavones during the peripubertal period in males may induce subclinical hypothyroidism, with alterations in the regulation of the HP thyroid axis, modulation of TH synthesis, and peripheral alterations in TH target organs.

The objective of this study was to evaluate serum hematological and biochemical changes in obese young dogs clinically healthy. Twenty-six animals were selected, which were separated into two groups: thirteen with normal weight and thirteen with obesity. Exclusion criteria were used for the selection of groups, age between one and eight years, physical evaluation, blood count, and a questionnaire to investigate pre-existing pathologies (diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, hyperadrenocorticism, hepatic and/or renal insufficiency, congenital or acquired heart disease, locomotor problems, inflammatory and/or infectious diseases or physiological conditions such as pregnancy or lactation). 5-mL blood samples were collected from each patient by puncture of the cephalic vein in the morning after a feeding restriction of 10 hours. Hematocrit, total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, total leukocyte count, leukocyte differential count and serum albumin, total protein, globulins, ALT, ALP, HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, urea, glucose, and insulin were assessed. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups in the hematological assessments. Among the biochemical tests, there were significant differences in total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and glucose (p ≤ 0.05).

Flavomycin is a non-ionophore additive little studied in finishing confined cattle. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of flavomycin on productive performance, ingestive behavior, carcass traits and biochemical parameters of steers finished in confinement. 32 whole steers, ½ Angus e ½ Nellore blood, from the same herd, with a mean age of 11 ± 1.5 months and initial body weight of 337 ± 6 kg were evaluated. The experiment was a randomized block design, consisting of two treatments and eight replications, as follows: Diet without flavomycin (control) and Diet with flavomycin (0.5 g FLAVIMPEX®80 animal day-1). There was no difference between treatments, the average dry matter intake of the animals was 10.03 kg day-1, feed efficiency was 0.158 kg, average daily gain was 1.593 kg day-1, apparent diet digestibility was 61.69%. The use of flavomycin was not effective in animal performance, and caused no changes in ingestive behavior and carcass traits of the animals. Total Plasma Protein, Aspartate amino-transferase and creatinine were lower for animals supplemented with flavomycin compared to the control group. In relation to the experimental period, there was a reduction in the levels of Total Plasma Protein, an increase in albumin, Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase and urea in cattle, but all remained within the reference range for the species.

The nutritional requirements of maize are some of the most studied factors in the production of this crop. It is known that nitrogen (N) is the major nutrient required by maize. Products based on microorganisms such as Azospirillum spp. can promote N fixation, providing yield gains. This study aimed to investigate the agronomic efficiency and feasibility of applying Grammy Crop® (Azospirillum brasilense-based product) by different methods to first- and second-crop maize. Experiments were conducted in two seasons between 2019 and 2020. In the first crop, a 4 × 7 factorial design was used, in which the first factor was locality (Candói, PR; Guarapuava, PR; Santa Maria do Oeste, PR; and Sertão, RS) and the second factor was treatment (untreated control, 75% N control, 100% N control, commercial A. brasilense-based inoculant, Grammy Crop® liquid seed treatment, Grammy Crop® peat-based seed treatment, and Grammy Crop® liquid foliar treatment). In the second crop, the factorial design was 3 × 7, with three localities (Pitanga, PR; São Miguel do Iguaçu, PR; and Serranópolis do Iguaçu, PR) and the same treatments. At physiological maturity, plants were evaluated for yield (kg ha-1), thousand grain weight (g), plant height (cm), shoot dry weight (kg ha-1), leaf N content (g kg-1), and grain N content (g kg-1). All treatments improved productive, vegetative, and nutritional parameters compared with the untreated control for all localities and crops. Grammy Crop® was efficient in improving maize yield under all methods of application, providing similar benefits as N fertilizer and a commercial inoculant.

Industrial seed treatment of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] has increased over the last years. New technologies have been developed to allow the inoculation procedure, which is traditionally done at the day of sowing, to be performed with the industrial treatment days or even weeks before sowing. Since little is known about the compatibility of agrochemicals and pre-inoculation, the objective of this study was to determine whether the storage period and the combination of fungicides and insecticides could negatively affect the physiological quality and yield of soybean seeds that were pre-inoculated. Soybean seeds received fourteen seed treatments that consisted of different fungicides and insecticides and were pre-inoculated with Bradyrhizobium elkanii. The seeds were treated and stored for 51 days until it was sown in the field. Every 17 days the physiological quality of the seed was assessed. The results shown that pre-inoculation did not affect the physiological quality of seeds. However, some combinations of agrochemicals, as well as storage period reduced seed vigor and seed germination, while increased abnormal seedlings. The findings of this study indicated that some combinations of fungicides and insecticides can have adverse effect on the physiological quality of seed that is stored for up to 51 days before sowing, but none of them jeopardized the nodulation and soybean yield under field conditions. Key words: Biological nitrogen fixation, Bradyrhizobium, compatibility, fungicide, Glycine max, HiCoat, industrial seed treatment, insecticide, polymer.

Pre-inoculation of soybean seeds with Bradyrhizobium spp. associated with polymers could be an alternative to the conventional inoculation performed at the day of sowing. The objectives of this study were i) to determine whether the HiCoat® technology (peat inoculant + liquid inoculant + polymer) allows the survival of B. elkanii after storage of the inoculated seeds, and ii) to evaluate whether the pre-inoculation and seed treatment reduces the physiological quality of seed and soybean yield. Soybean seeds were treated with different fungicides and insecticides associated with pre-inoculation using HiCoat® and the seeds were stored at room temperature. The survival of B. elkanii was reduced over time with standard inoculation, however there was above 2 x 106 colony-forming units of B. elkanii per seed at 60 days after inoculation with HiCoat®. Seed germination, number of nodules per plant, mass of nodules, yield, number of grains per plant and number of pods per plants were not significantly affected by the pre-inoculation and seed treatments. Our findings indicated that the fungicide and insecticide associated with HiCoat® can be used to treat and to pre-inoculate seeds that can be stored for up to 71 days without compromising the nodulation of plants and soybean yield. Key words: Industrial seed treatment, biological nitrogen fixation, storage period, fungicide, insecticide, polymer, HiCoat, Glycine max.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:08:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-10-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:35:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1984-29612018000400505.pdf: 2432636 bytes, checksum: 30a094e59163c31f4995750e4a4bb3aa (MD5) Arthropod-borne pathogens are medically important because of their ability to cause diseases in their hosts. The purpose of this study was to detect the occurrence of Ehrlichia spp., piroplasmids and Hepatozoon spp. in dogs with anemia and thrombocytopenia in southern Brazil. EDTA-whole blood was collected from 75 domestic dogs presenting anemia or/and thrombocytopenia from Guarapuava, state of Paraná, Brazil. DNA samples were subjected to conventional PCR assays for Ehrlichia spp. (dsb), piroplasmids (18S rRNA) and Hepatozoon spp. (18S rRNA), followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Among the 75 dogs, one (1.33%) was positive for Hepatozoon sp. and six (8%) were positive for piroplasmids in 18S rRNA cPCR assays. None of the dogs showed positive results in Ehrlichia spp.-cPCR targeting dsb gene. The phylogenetic analyses revealed that three piroplasm sequences were clustered with Rangellia vitalii, while one sequence was grouped with B. vogeli. The only sequence obtained from Hepatozoon spp.-PCR protocol was pooled with H. canis. Therefore, there is urgent need for differential molecular diagnosis of the two piroplasm species cited as etiological agents in clinical cases of canine hemoparasitic diseases, given the higher pathogenic potential of R. vitalii than of B. vogeli. Laboratório de Zoonoses e Epidemiologia Molecular Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia Departamento de Patologia Veterinária Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP Laboratório de Patologia Clínica Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste – UNICENTRO Laboratório de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste – UNICENTRO Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia Departamento de Patologia Veterinária Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP

Extensive wounds may not be able to heal by primary intention, due to the lack of tissue. Moreover, treatment of these wounds by secondary intention is more difficult in production animals, due to the high investment requirement and long recovery time. Therefore, new approaches that favor short-term recovery are desirable. This study reports the application of an elastic suture technique for the treatment of an extensive mammary wound. This technique was applied in a lactating ewe with gangrenous mastitis, resulting in extensive tissue necrosis and loss of mammary tissue. Extension of the wound made complete coaptation of the wound edges impossible. Elastic sutures were chosen as they allow a constant and moderate tension that gradually induces approximation of the skin edges. The wound showed a significant decrease in extension before removal of the stitches, demonstrating the successful application of this technique in wound closure surgery. The elastic suture is presented as a new management option for extensive wounds in the field of veterinary medicine.

Optimal ewe health and well-being favors good reproductive performance and, as a consequence, assures good growth of the offspring. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate three production systems using commercial concentrate supplementation on Italian ryegrass pasture (Lolium multiflorum) on the metabolic profile and body condition score (BCS) of ewes, from those recently postpartum to 75 days in lactation. The total lamb production per ewe was also evaluated. Eighteen adult twin-bearing ewes, Texel x Ile de France crossbreeds, and their offspring were divided into three groups: without supplementation - control (CON); supplemented ewes and lambs at 1% of body weight (SEL); and creep-feeding supplemented lambs at 1% of body weight (CSL). The glucose concentration was higher for the SEL group (P < 0.05) and the SEL group showed less BCS variation from the first to the last evaluation, which suggests better nutritional adjustment in that system. The SEL and CSL groups showed the highest total lamb production per ewe, differing from CON (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the supplementation of ewes and lambs on ryegrass pasture allows the highest performance of both categories compared to exclusive supplementation of lambs and the animals exclusively on pasture.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the associative effect of monensin sodium to virginiamycin and/or essential oils on performance, consumption of nutrients and dry matter, apparent digestibility, feeding behavior and carcass characteristics of feedlot finished steers. The experiment lasted 106 days with 10 days of adaptation and 96-day trial, and had 32 crosses angus steers, average age 12 months and average weight of 376 kg, divided into 16 stalls, the weighing took place every 21 days and at the end of the experiment. The treatments consisted of the combination of the following additives to the diet included: Monensin sodium, 200 mg day-1 (MO); Monensin sodium, a dose of 200 mg day-1 + essential oil dose of 1.5g day-1 (MO+EO); Monensin sodium, a dose of 200 mg day-1 + virginiamycin, 200 mg day-1 (MO+VI); Monensin sodium, 200 mg day-1 + essential oil dose of 1.5g day-1 + virginiamycin day, 200 mg day-1 (MO+EO+VI), each treatment had four repetitions, where each repetitions consisted of a bay with two animals. The MO+VI association in relation to MO only increase in average daily gain (ADG) of 24.44%, 22.35%, 21.10% and 17.31% in weighing 42, 63, 84 and 96 days, similar the combination of MO+EO+VI which provided an improvement of 21.94%, 13.59%, 15.45% and 14.75% respectively in the same weightings. The daily carcass gain and carcass overall gain were higher in associations MO+VI and MO+EO+VI and provided an average gain of 16.67 kg more compared to MO and MO+EO. In the parameters feed efficiency, dry matter intake and nutrient expressed in kg day-1 and percentage of live weight were not observed differences (P > 0.05) between treatments. Data on apparent digestibility, feeding behavior and carcass characteristics did not show statistical difference between treatment, except for fat thickness which was higher when associated with any of the additives to the MO, and farm weight was higher in associations containing VI. Associating MO+VI or MO+EO+VI proved to be best in this work compared to MO+EO or only MO in the diets of steers in termination. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito associativo da monensina sódica à virginiamicina e/ou óleos essenciais sobre o desempenho, o consumo de matéria seca e de nutrientes, a digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, o comportamento ingestivo e, as características da carcaça de novilhos terminados em confinamento. O experimento teve duração de 106 dias sendo 10 dias de adaptação e 96 dias de período experimental. Foram utilizados 32 novilhos não castrados, mestiços com predomínio da raça angus, com idade média de 12 meses e peso médio de 376 kg, distribuídos em 16 baias. Os tratamentos consistiam na associação dos seguintes aditivos inclusos as rações: Monensina sódica, dose de 200 mg.dia-1 (MO); Monensina sódica, dose de 200 mg.dia-1 + óleo essencial, dose de 1,5 g.dia-1 (MO+OE); Monensina sódica, dose de 200 mg.dia-1 + virginiamicina, dose de 200 mg.dia-1 (MO+VI); Monensina sódica, dose de 200 mg.dia-1 + óleo essencial, dose de 1,5 g.dia-1 + virginiamicina, dose de 200 mg/ dia-1 (MO+OE+VI), cada tratamento possuía quatro repetições, onde cada repetição era composta por uma baia com dois animais. A associação MO+VI em relação a somente MO proporcionou aumento no ganho de peso médio diário (GMD) de 24,44%, 22,35%, 21,10% e 17,31% nas pesagens de 42, 63, 84 e 96 dias, similar a associação de MO+OE+VI que proporcionaram melhora de 21,94%, 13,59%, 15,45% e 14,75% respectivamente nas mesmas pesagens. O ganho de carcaça diário e ganho de carcaça total foram superiores nas associações MO+VI e MO+OE+VI e proporcionaram ganho médio de 16,67 kg a mais em relação a MO e MO+OE. Nos parâmetros eficiência alimentar, consumo de matéria seca e nutrientes expresso em kg.dia-1 e em percentual de peso vivo, não foram observadas diferenças (P > 0,05) significativa entre os tratamentos. Os dados referentes à digestibilidade aparente, comportamento ingestivo e características de carcaça também não apresentaram diferença estatística entre os tratamentos, exceto para espessura de gordura que foi superior quando associado qualquer um dos aditivos à MO, e peso de fazenda que foi superior nas associações que continham VI. A associação de MO+VI ou MO+OE+VI mostraram-se melhores no presente trabalho em relação a MO+OE ou somente MO nas rações dos novilhos em terminação.

Different types of anticoagulants are used in the routine of a veterinary clinic, which are chosen based on the exam to be performed. Agitated, aggressive, of hard contention and small size animals can be a limiting factor when it is wished to separate samples into tubes with different anticoagulants. Therefore, this study had as the objective evaluate the effects of anticoagulants: EDTA, sodium citrate and sodium fluorite associated with EDTA, in the results of routine plasma biochemistry performed in dogs and compare it with serum. Blood samples of 10 clinically healthy dogs were collected and placed in different tubes with each anticoagulant and one without to obtain serum. Albumin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), calcium, total cholesterol, creatine, phosphorus, glucose, total protein (PT) and urea concentrations were measured by spectophotometric. It was found that plasma obtained with EDTA anticoagulant resulted in dosage alterations for glucose, cholesterol and calcium. Samples obtained with sodium citrate presented results lower than serum in all analyzed parameters, except for ALT. The anticoagulant sodium 34 Colloquium Agrariae, v. 11, n.1, Jan-Jun. 2015, p.33-41. DOI: 10.5747/ca.2015.v11.n1.a116 fluorite with EDTA only didn’t result in statistical differences when compared to serum in the parameters of urea and glucose. Thus, serum is the most trustworthy sample to determine the biochemical profile of dogs, however some biochemical’s can be performed with plasma with EDTA such as creatine, ALT, urea, albumin, PT and phosphorus.

The effect of spraying pastures with conidia of the fungus Arthrobotrys conoides (GenBank ID: JN191309) for the biological control of gastrointestinal nematode infection-pressure in lambs was assessed. A 12,000-m2 area was divided into six 2,000-m2 fenced areas. Two groups were formed: the treatment group comprised three fenced areas, where conidia were sprayed on the pasture weekly at 7.5 x 104 conidia m-2; and the control group, also comprising three fenced areas, where conidia were not sprayed. The pastures included lopsided oat ( Avena strigosa Schreb) and Italian ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam.). Five naturally infected lambs, were placed between July and September in each fenced area. The effectiveness of biological control was assessed between May and September 2009 by counting the number of third-stage larvae (L3) in each pasture. Additionally, the egg output of the sentinel animals was monitored by counting the number of gastrointestinal nematode eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) and the average weight gain was measured. The negative impact on soil was assessed by counting the number of free-living nematodes and phytonematodes. The number of gastrointestinal nematode larvae in the treated pastures decreased. This was significant at two examination days (end August and end of September). At the end of the study, conidia treatment reduced gastrointestinal nematodes on pasture by 52.4% compared to the control group; this difference was statistically significant. Regarding the whole examination period the average reductions in EPG in treatment group was 49.1% compared to the control group. The most common genera of gastrointestinal nematodes were Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus . Animal weight gain and soil nematode counts did not differ significantly.

The experiment was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effect on corn crop in crop-livestock integration system of fertilization with chicken litter in the pasture (winter) and in the corn (summer), as alternative to organic production. The winter treatments consisted in the doses of 0 and 5 Mg ha-1 of chicken litter, with or without grazing of ovines and the summer treatments in the doses of 0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 Mg ha-1 of chicken litter in the corn. From the results obtained, it was checked that the grazing did not affect the grain yield of corn in summer. The use of chicken litter in winter presented significant effect on mass of one thousand grains of corn, evidencing residual effect of fertilization however, it was not sufficient to provide significant difference in corn yield. There was positive linear effect to number of grains per row and quadratic to corn yield by increase of chicken litter levels in summer. In areas without grazing the maximum corn yield would be obtained with application of 9 Mg ha-1 of chicken litter in summer, whereas this same yield would be obtained with 7 Mg ha-1 in grazed areas, representing an economy of 2 Mg ha-1 of chicken litter corresponding to 45 kg ha-1 of nitrogen. Thus, it was found technical viability by use of chicken litter in corn production in crop-livestock integration system. O experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito sobre a cultura do milho em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária da adubação com cama de aviário na pastagem (inverno) e no milho (verão), como alternativa para a produção orgânica. Os tratamentos de inverno consistiram nas doses de 0 e 5 Mg ha-1 de cama de aviário com e sem pastejo de ovinos e os tratamentos de verão nas doses de 0, 1, 2, 4 e 8 Mg ha-1 de cama de aviário no milho. A partir dos resultados obtidos, verificou-se que o pastejo não afetou a produtividade de milho no verão. O uso de cama de aviário no inverno apresentou efeito significativo sobre a massa de mil grãos de milho evidenciando efeito residual da adubação, contudo não foi suficiente para proporcionar diferença significativa na produtividade de milho. Houve efeito linear positivo para o número de grãos por fileira e quadrático para a produtividade de milho pelo aumento das doses de cama de aviário no verão. Nas áreas sem pastejo a máxima produtividade de milho seria obtida com aplicação de 9 Mg ha-1 de cama de aviário no verão, ao passo que, esta mesma produtividade seria obtida com 7 Mg ha-1 nas áreas pastejadas, representando uma economia de 2 Mg ha-1 de cama de aviário, o que corresponde a 45 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio. Logo, constatou-se viabilidade técnica pelo uso da cama de aviário na produção de milho em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária.

O Carbúnculo Sintomático é uma clostridiose que acomete os ruminantes de todas as idades. Alguns animais podem apresentar sinais clínicos inespecíficos como febre, apatia e anorexia, ou sinais referentes ao sistema locomotor como rigidez muscular, claudicação, com inchaço subcutâneo e crepitação local no membro afetado, embora na maioria dos casos ocorra morte súbita. Várias ferramentas podem ser utilizadas para o diagnóstico desta enfermidade, mas todas apresentam empecilhos quanto à sua utilização, como ausência de sinais clínicos, devido ao curso agudo da doença, rapidez para realizar a avaliação da carcaça, bem como dificuldade do envio de amostras para isolamento. O tratamento do Carbúnculo Sintomático não é eficaz, e devido às características ambientais do agente a prevenção da doença através de medidas de higienização e imunização são recomendadas para prevenir a ocorrência de casos numa propriedade. Diante do exposto, este trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma breve revisão sobre as formas de diagnóstico, profilaxia e controle do Carbúnculo Sintomático

The spread of organic farming and the development of resistance to anthelmintics by parasites, especially in small ruminants, have necessitated the search for alternative methods of nematode control. Biological control using nematophagous fungi is one option; however, few studies have been conducted with native strains. The present study was divided into two phases. In the first phase, we aimed to isolate, identify, and assess the in vitro predatory activity of nematophagous fungi that had been isolated on Trichostrongylidae third-instar larvae. In the second phase, the isolate with superior predatory activity in vitro was molecularly characterized, and its morphological plasticity was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on Haemonchus third-instar larvae. Of the 56 soil samples from different regions of Paraná State, Brazil, 57 fungal strains were recovered, of which four exhibited predatory activity. Two pure isolates were obtained: the CED and LIN strains. After demonstrating 96.35 % predatory activity for the CED strain, this strain was selected and characterized using molecular criteria by sequencing the rDNA internal transcribed spacer and was identified as Arthrobotrys conoides (GenBank ID: JN191309). Morphological patterns in this strain during the interaction between the fungus and the nematode were revealed by SEM, in which two extensions of the infection bulb that was used to pierce the nematode's cuticle were clearly visible.

A bacteria diazotrofica Azospirillum brasilense e um organismo capaz de fixar nitrogenio da atmosfera e produzir hormonios vegetais. No entanto, ha carencia de informacoes a respeito de seu uso em condicoes de campo, sobretudo em sistemas de producao que tem a presenca de animais em um determinado periodo do ano. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a associacao do efeito residual da adubacao nitrogenada na pastagem de inverno e a inoculacao de A. brasilense na cultura do milho. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em Guarapuava (PR) durante a safra 2008/09 com delineamento de blocos casualizados, com parcelas subdivididas, em tres repeticoes. A parcela principal consistiu da aplicacao de 5 doses de N (0, 75, 150, 225 e 300 kg ha-1) na pastagem de aveia preta e azevem ocupada por bovinos e 4 tratamentos no milho (T1 = controle; T2 = inoculacao de A. brasilense ; T3 = 75 kg ha-1 de N; T4 = 150 kg ha-1 de N). Foram avaliados: populacao de plantas, espigas por planta, produtividade, massa de mil graos, graos ardidos, fileiras de graos por espiga e graos por fileira. Houve efeito residual do nitrogenio aplicado na pastagem sobre a cultura do milho. A massa de mil graos e o numero de fileiras por espiga de milho apresentaram resposta quadratica pelo aumento da dose de N na pastagem. A inoculacao de A. brasilense proporcionou produtividade superior ao controle mesmo com o aumento da dose de N aplicada na pastagem, com resposta quadratica no experimento 1 e linear no experimento 2.

The diazotrophic bacteria Azospirillum brasilense is an organism able to fix nitrogen of atmosphere and produce plant hormones. Nevertheless, there is lack of information with regard to use in field conditions, especially in production systems that have presence of animals in a determined year period. The objective of paper was to evaluate the association of the nitrogen residual effect of fertilization in pasture winter and the inoculation with A. brasilense in the maize culture. Were carried two experiments in Guarapuava (PR) in season 2008/09 with randomized block design with split plots in three replication. The main parcel consisted of application 5 levels of N (0, 75, 150, 225 e 300 kg ha-1) in pasture of black oat and ryegrass occupied by bovines and 4 treatments in the maize (T1 = control; T2 = inoculation of A. brasilense; T3 = 75 kg ha-1 of N; T4 = 150 kg ha-1 of N). Were evaluated: plants population, ears per plant, productivity, mass thousand grains, damage grains, row per ear and grains per row. There was residual effect of nitrogen applied in the pasture on maize culture. The mass thousand grains and the number of rows per ear of maize presented quadratic response for increase of nitrogen level in the pasture. The inoculation of A. brasilense provided higher productivity than control same with increase the nitrogen level applied in the pasture, with quadratic response in the experiment 1 and linear in the experiment 2.A bactéria diazotrófica Azospirillum brasilense é um organismo capaz de fixar nitrogênio da atmosfera e produzir hormônios vegetais. No entanto, há carência de informações a respeito de seu uso em condições de campo, sobretudo em sistemas de produção que tem a presença de animais em um determinado período do ano. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a associação do efeito residual da adubação nitrogenada na pastagem de inverno e a inoculação de A. brasilense na cultura do milho. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em Guarapuava (PR) durante a safra 2008/09 com delineamento de blocos casualizados, com parcelas subdivididas, em três repetições. A parcela principal consistiu da aplicação de 5 doses de N (0, 75, 150, 225 e 300 kg ha-1) na pastagem de aveia preta e azevém ocupada por bovinos e 4 tratamentos no milho (T1 = controle; T2 = inoculação de A. brasilense; T3 = 75 kg ha-1 de N; T4 = 150 kg ha-1 de N). Foram avaliados: população de plantas, espigas por planta, produtividade, massa de mil grãos, grãos ardidos, fileiras de grãos por espiga e grãos por fileira. Houve efeito residual do nitrogênio aplicado na pastagem sobre a cultura do milho. A massa de mil grãos e o número de fileiras por espiga de milho apresentaram resposta quadrática pelo aumento da dose de N na pastagem. A inoculação de A. brasilense proporcionou produtividade superior ao controle mesmo com o aumento da dose de N aplicada na pastagem, com resposta quadrática no experimento 1 e linear no experimento 2.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do congelamento (- 20 oC) e o tempo de armazenamento do soro na determinacao de valores bioquimicos em ovinos. Foi realizado na Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste em Guarapuava – PR. O soro foi obtido de 32 cordeiros da raca Ile de France x Corriedale, com 4 meses de idade. Foram realizadas analises, imediatamente apos a obtencao da amostra, tempo zero e apos 7, 14, 21, 28 dias da colheita do sangue. Os analitos testados foram aspartato-amino-transferase (AST), ureia, proteina total, colesterol, fosforo e magnesio. Os resultados permitiram concluir que o tempo de armazenamento das amostras congeladas (- 20 oC) causou alteracoes nos resultados para as analises de proteina total, fosforo, e magnesio. As determinacoes sericas AST, colesterol e ureia nao diferiram estatisticamente nos diferentes tempos de armazenamento.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of freezing (- 20 ºC) and time of storage of serum in the determination of biochemical values in sheep. It was held at the Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste in Guarapuava – PR. The serum was obtained from 32 Corriedale x Ille de France crossbred lambs, four months old. Nine hundred and sixty tests were performed, the first immediately after sampling (time zero), after 7, 14, 21, 28 days after blood collection. The analytes tested were aspartate aminotranferase (AST), urea, total protein, cholesterol, phosphorus and magnesium. The results showed that the time of storage of frozen samples (-20 ºC) was able to alter results of total protein, phosphorus, and magnesium. The serum measurements of AST, cholesterol and urea did not differ in different storage times.Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do congelamento (- 20 ºC) e o tempo de armazenamento do soro na determinação de valores bioquímicos em ovinos. Foi realizado na Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste em Guarapuava – PR. O soro foi obtido de 32 cordeiros da raça Ile de France x Corriedale, com 4 meses de idade. Foram realizadas análises, imediatamente após a obtenção da amostra, tempo zero e após 7, 14, 21, 28 dias da colheita do sangue. Os analitos testados foram aspartato-amino-transferase (AST), uréia, proteína total, colesterol, fósforo e magnésio. Os resultados permitiram concluir que o tempo de armazenamento das amostras congeladas (- 20 ºC) causou alterações nos resultados para as análises de proteína total, fósforo, e magnésio. As determinações séricas AST, colesterol e uréia não diferiram estatisticamente nos diferentes tempos de armazenamento.

This study evaluated the effect of two concentrate supplementation strategies on performance, metabolic profile and economic evaluation of suckling lambs and ewes in ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) pasture. Twenty-seven ewes and 45 lambs were divided into three groups: (1) ryegrass pasture without supplementation - control (CON); (2) CON plus supplemented ewes and lambs at 1% of live weight (SEL), and (3) CON plus creep feeding supplemented lambs at 1% of live weight (CSL). Concentrate use increased (p

O experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito sobre a cultura do milho em sistema de integracao lavoura-pecuaria da adubacao com cama de aviario na pastagem (inverno) e no milho (verao), como alternativa para a producao orgânica. Os tratamentos de inverno consistiram nas doses de 0 e 5 Mg ha-1 de cama de aviario com e sem pastejo de ovinos e os tratamentos de verao nas doses de 0, 1, 2, 4 e 8 Mg ha-1 de cama de aviario no milho. A partir dos resultados obtidos, verificou-se que o pastejo nao afetou a produtividade de milho no verao. O uso de cama de aviario no inverno apresentou efeito significativo sobre a massa de mil graos de milho evidenciando efeito residual da adubacao, contudo nao foi suficiente para proporcionar diferenca significativa na produtividade de milho. Houve efeito linear positivo para o numero de graos por fileira e quadratico para a produtividade de milho pelo aumento das doses de cama de aviario no verao. Nas areas sem pastejo a maxima produtividade de milho seria obtida com aplicacao de 9 Mg ha-1 de cama de aviario no verao, ao passo que, esta mesma produtividade seria obtida com 7 Mg ha-1 nas areas pastejadas, representando uma economia de 2 Mg ha-1 de cama de aviario, o que corresponde a 45 kg ha-1 de nitrogenio. Logo, constatou-se viabilidade tecnica pelo uso da cama de aviario na producao de milho em sistema de integracao lavoura-pecuaria.

RESUMO – O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma análise técnica e econômica da aplicação foliar de polifosfato de amônio na cultura do milho, bem como seus efeitos nos componentes de produtividade da cultura. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições em arranjo fatorial 3 x 3 x 4. Sendo, 3 safras agrícolas, 3 estádios de aplicação (V13, VT e o parcelamento no V13 + VT) e 4 doses de polisfosfato de amônio (0, 5, 10 e 15 L ha-1). Houve influência positiva das doses de polifosfato de amônio estudadas na produtividade da cultura do milho. O máximo incremento de produtividade foi obtido com a aplicação de 5,08 e 1,51 kg ha-1 de P2O5 e N, respectivamente, o que corresponde a 9,54 L ha-1 de polisfosfato de amônio. A resposta positiva independe do ano e do estádio de aplicação. O uso de polisfosfato de amônio apresenta viabilidade econômica sendo que o incremento de produtividade foi de 534 kg ha-1, foi obtido por meio da aplicação de 7,14 L ha-1 de polisfosfato de amônio. A aplicação do polifosfato de amônio não influenciou estatisticamente os componentes de produtividade estudados.Palavras-chave: Adubação foliar, fósforo, Zea mays.TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE IN MAIZEABSTRACT – The aim of this study was a technical and economic analysis of foliar application of ammonium polyphosphate in maize and its effect on crop yield components. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications in a factorial arrangement 3 x 3 x 4, comprising 3 crop seasons, 3 growth stages (V13, VT and the splitting in V13 + VT) and 4 doses of ammonium polyphosphate (0, 5, 10 and 15 L ha-1). There was a positive effect of doses of ammonium polyphosphate studied on maize yield. The maximum increase in yield was obtained with the application of 5.08 and 1.51 kg ha-1 of P2O5 and N, respectively, corresponding to 9.54 L ha-1 of ammonium polyphosphate. The positive response was independent of the year and the growth stages. The use of ammonium polyphosphate presents economic viability and the increase in yield was 534 kg ha-1 by applying 7.14 L ha-1 of ammonium polyphosphate. The application of ammonium polyphosphate not statistically affected the yield components studied.Keywords: foliar fertilization, phosphorus, Zea mays.

O nitrogênio (N) é um dos nutrientes exigidos em grandes quantidades pelas plantas. Sua aplicação na pastagem, em integração lavoura-pecuária, pode proporcionar alta produtividade animal no inverno e vegetal no verão. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito residual da aplicação de N na pastagem, com e sem pastejo, sobre a cultura do milho. O experimento foi realizado em Guarapuava (PR) na safra 2007/08, em delineamento de blocos casualizados com parcelas subsubdivididas. A parcela principal consistiu dos tratamentos com N no inverno (N-TI = 0, 75, 150 e 225kg ha-1 de N) em pastagem de aveia branca (Avena sativa L.) e azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), na subparcela com (CP) e sem pastejo (SP) de ovinos e, nas subsubparcelas N no verão (N-TV = 0; 75; 150; 225 e 300kg ha-1 de N). A semeadura do híbrido 30F53 ocorreu no dia 24/10/07. As variáveis avaliadas foram fitomassa seca da pastagem, produtividade, número de fileiras, grãos por fileira, grãos por espiga e massa de mil grãos. A fitomassa seca CP e SP teve resposta quadrática para as dose de N-TI. A produtividade de grãos, assim como o número de fileiras e grãos por espiga não foram afetados pelo pastejo. Houve resposta quadrática na produtividade de grãos em função do aumento das doses de N-TI e N-TV. The nitrogen is an element required in large quantities by plants. Its application in the pasture, in crop-livestock integration, would provoke high animal productivity in winter and high vegetal productivity in summer. This study aimed to evaluate the residual effect of nitrogen application in the pasture, with and without grazing sheep, under maize culture. The experiment was conducted in Guarapuava (PR) in the 2007/08 season in a randomized block design with split plots. The main parcel consisted of treatments with N in winter (N-TI = 0, 75, 150 e 225kg ha-1 de N) in pasture of white oat (Avena sativa L.) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), in subparcel with (CP) and without grazing (SP) sheep and, in subsubparcels N in summer (N-TV=0; 75; 150; 225 e 300kg ha-1 de N). The sowing of hybrid 30F53 occurred on 10/24/07. The variables evaluated were: pasture dry mass, productivity, numbers of rows, grains per rows, grains per spike and grain thousand mass. The dry mass plant CP and SP had quadratic response to the level of N-TI and N-TV. The productivity of grains, as well as the number of rows and grains per spike, was not affected by grazing. There was quadratic response in productivity of grains, due to the increase of nitrogen levels N-TI and N-TV.

O experimento foi conduzido no Núcleo de Produção Animal (NUPRAN) da Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste do Paraná (UNICENTRO) com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do tamanho de partícula (pequena: entre 0,2 e 0,6cm ou grande: entre 1,0 e 2,0cm) e da altura de corte das plantas de milho para ensilagem (baixa: 15cm, ou alta: 39cm), sobre os componentes de rendimento e as características da carne e carcaça de novilhos terminados em confinamento, constituindo-se os tratamentos: T1 - silagem de partícula pequena com altura de corte baixa; T2 - silagem de partícula grande com altura de corte baixa; T3 - silagem de partícula pequena com altura de corte alta; e T4 - silagem de partícula grande com altura de corte alta. Não houve interação significativa (P>0,05) entre altura de colheita e tamanho de partícula para os parâmetros relativos aos componentes de rendimento e às características da carne e carcaça. Silagens de partícula pequena na dieta alimentar de bovinos confinados proporcionaram maior (P0,05) nas características da carcaça, na qualidade da carne e nos componentes de rendimento da carcaça na produção de novilhos de corte confinados. The experiment was conducted at the Núcleo de Produção Animal (NUPRAN) of Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste do Paraná (UNICENTRO). The experiment was aimed at evaluating the composition of yield and characteristics of meat and carcass on effect of particle sizes (small: between 0.2 and 0.6cm or large: between 1.0 and 2.0cm) and cutting heights (low cut: 15cm or high cut: 39cm) of the corn plant. The treatments were: T1 - small particle size with low cut height; T2 - large particle size with low cut height; T3 - small particle size with high cut height; and T4 - large particle size with high cut height. No signification interaction (P>.05) was observed between cutting height and particle size for composition of income and characteristics of meat and carcass. Small particle silages in diet for confined cattle production presented higher (P_.05) the yield composition and characteristics of meat and carcass of steers confined.