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Today’s business leaders face an unprecedented challenge of engaging and retaining young workers. We examined two facets of workplace respect to determine how leaders might combat this issue. A model was tested to examine the relationship of respectful engagement, autonomous respect, and occupational resilience on job outcomes. A survey of 1,036 U.S. young workers aged 21 to 34, employed full-time, revealed that autonomous respect was a stronger predictor of occupational resilience than respectful engagement. Additionally, there was a significant positive relationship between occupational resilience and job satisfaction, employee loyalty, and job engagement. Finally, the relationship of both respectful engagement and autonomous respect on job outcomes was positively mediated by occupational resilience, further substantiating the positive benefits of respectful communication on employees’ wellbeing and, ultimately, positive long-term business benefits.

Social media influencers (SMIs) are now a significant element in organizations’ marketing mix. However, there has been little attention paid to how SMIs might change the way people process a commer...

Pregnancy is an altered immunologic state in which hormonal changes impact the immune system to enable maternal tolerance of the fetus. These hormonal and immunologic changes may affect disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Conversely, lupus nephritis and its complications may adversely impact pregnancy. Systemic lupus erythematosus increases the risk of pre-eclampsia and its complications, including preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction. Comorbidities such as impaired kidney function and hypertension confer additional risk and complexity. Medications used to treat lupus nephritis may impact the fetus, so therapy needs to be tailored to balance maternal benefit and fetal risk. The diagnosis of lupus nephritis during pregnancy can be difficult, as it shares overlapping features with pre-eclampsia. Kidney biopsy is generally safe in pregnancy, and should be considered if the result will affect management. Here we review the clinical aspects of counseling, diagnosis, and management of lupus nephritis in pregnancy.

In the Mormon doctrine of posthumous baptism, people can be invited into the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) community through baptism even after their death. When it was reported...

Pope Francis’s 2015 visit to Cuba provided a unique opportunity for a comparative study of state-controlled and independent media systems. This study, grounded in the interpretivist tradition, uses symbolic convergence theory and fantasy theme analysis to explore how visuals created by United States-based AP Images, United Kingdom-based Reuters, and Cuba-based Prensa Latina reveal the underlying rhetorical visions, ideologies, and priorities of each culture’s media system. More specifically, state-controlled and independent media depicted the Pope’s visit differently in the degree of personalization shown, the social actors who were depicted, the purpose of the visit, how the Pope was shown in relation to others, and the location where the action occurred. Each media system highlighted its news values and priorities through these differences. Additionally, the images revealed two master narratives: Cuba as a model of Catholicism and the Pope as a model of hierarchy and conformity.

This study analyzes how business and editorial staff members at US newspapers rhetorically construct or deconstruct the metaphoric norm of a wall or line of separation between news and advertising functions. The study is based on 18 in-depth interviews with news and advertising professionals at middle-market US newspapers and the subsequent analysis of their rhetoric about the relationship between the news and advertising sides of their organizations. The study seeks to understand the rhetorical construction of an institutional norm and our observations are focused on the organization level. This study aids understanding of two related phenomena: how institutional norms are rhetorically constructed and how norms are rhetorically renegotiated or deconstructed.

On January 19, 2014, NFL star Richard Sherman made a game winning play, blocking a pass intended for receiver Michael Crabtree in a matchup between the Seattle Seahawks and the San Francisco 49ers. In an interview with Erin Andrews immediately following the game, Sherman, with great intensity, shouted, “I'm the best corner in the game. When you try me with a sorry receiver like Crabtree, that is the result you are going to get. Don't you ever talk about me. […] Crabtree. Don't you open your mouth about the best, or I'm going to shut it for you real quick. L-O-B.” The brief interview, captured live on camera, provided a visual drama as arresting as the script and exploded through social media and mainstream news. Through the lens of symbolic convergence theory (SCT) informed by visual rhetoric and critical race theory (CRT), the authors examine news and citizen coverage of the Sherman interview during the week following the incident. Responses to this incident highlight how sexism, racism, and vari...

This study offers an ethnographic analysis of the merger of the digitally native news nonprofit the St. Louis Beacon and St. Louis Public Radio. Researchers observed news work and interviewed journalists before and after the merger, paying close attention to how routines shifted subsequently. Through the lens of gatekeeping theory, researchers discuss how new specialized roles, technical changes, and shifting news judgments affected communication routines, and how journalists did their jobs. These findings are discussed in the context of the ever-changing journalism industry and what this means for future gatekeeping studies.

A survey of 736 college students found that Facebook use can trigger feelings of envy.Feelings of envy were found to predict depression symptoms.The effect of surveillance use of Facebook on depression is mediated by feelings of envy.Surveillance use of Facebook has a direct link to depression, but the link is actually negative. It is not-unless it triggers feelings of envy. This study uses the framework of social rank theory of depression and conceptualizes Facebook envy as a possible link between Facebook surveillance use and depression among college students. Using a survey of 736 college students, we found that the effect of surveillance use of Facebook on depression is mediated by Facebook envy. However, when Facebook envy is controlled for, Facebook use actually lessens depression.

This study investigates how reality television viewing is linked to Facebook. Utilizing a survey of 736 students in a school of journalism at a large Midwestern university, researchers examined whether viewers of different genres of reality television were more prone to problematic information sharing on Facebook. The study found that all viewers of reality were prone to problematic information sharing. However, viewers of drama-, competition-, and crime-based shows were most likely to share problematic information. These results are interpreted using social cognitive theory.

The publisher regrets that the co-authors in the “European region influenza surveillance network” were not tagged correctly. The full and complete list of authors and their affiliations for this article is given above. The publisher would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.

We report the case of a 45-year-old haemodialysis patient who achieved a sustained virological response (SVR) following pegylated interferon therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 2 infection. He was subsequently cohorted with other HCV-infected dialysis patients and became re-infected with HCV genotype 3a. Epidemiological and molecular investigations identified a highly viraemic HCV genotype 3a-infected dialysis patient as the likely source of this infection. This critical incident informed a revision to local and national infection control policy regarding the dialysis management of patients who achieve an SVR following anti-viral treatment.

SUMMARYIn spring 2008, an influenza A subtype H3N2 outbreak occurred in a long stay psycho-geriatric ward and two wards in the intellectual disability services (IDS), part of a large psychiatric hospital. The attack rate in the index ward was 90% (18/20) for patients and 35% (7/20) for staff. It was 14% (1/7) and 17% (2/12) in the affected IDS wards for patients and 0% (0/20) and 4% (1/25) for staff. Many of the laboratory-confirmed cases did not have a fever >38 °C, a typical sign of influenza. Control measures included oseltamivir treatment for cases and prophylaxis for contacts, standard and droplet infection control precautions, active surveillance for early detection and isolation of potential cases. As a result, the outbreak did not spread throughout the hospital. Although the staff vaccination rate (10%) prior to the outbreak was low, we observed a much lower vaccine effectiveness rate in the patients (11%) than in the staff (100%) in the index ward. Vaccination of residents and staff of such facilities remains the key influenza prevention strategy.

This paper investigates the group-building potential of forwarded e-mails through a visual analysis of negative images about President Barack Obama. We argue that these e-mails are a form of political digital folklore that may contribute to constructing participants’ individual and group identities. Images amplify the impact and believability of the messages, especially when linked to familiar cultural references and experiences and may lead to increased political polarization and hostility.

A content analysis of 86 citizen blog sites, 53 citizen news sites and 63 daily newspaper sites indicated that citizen journalism sites, including both news and blog sites, differed significantly from newspaper sites.

Among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, donor-seropositive/recipient-seronegative (D+/R-) cytomegalovirus (CMV) status is associated with the highest risk of ganciclovir-resistant CMV disease, which has been reported for patients receiving oral ganciclovir but not valganciclovir prophylaxis. We report a case of CMV breakthrough infection in a D+/R- liver transplant patient while he was receiving oral valganciclovir. Forty samples collected over 6 months were analyzed for the CMV viral load, lymphocyte counts, cytokine levels, and lymphocyte differentiation status. Genotypic resistance testing of the viral UL97 gene was performed when the patient failed to respond. CMV viremia occurred on day 50 post-transplant, and 5 samples taken between days 50 and 85 showed the wild-type UL97 genotype. The appearance of deletion 594-595 was observed from day 114 post-transplant. Viral loads declined when foscarnet was commenced and remained below 10,000 copies/mL when the lymphocyte count was greater than 1000/microL (P = 0.02). T cell responses revealed significant expansion of CD8+ terminal effector memory cells. CD4+ cells were largely populations of naive and central memory cells. Circulating interleukin 10 (IL-10) levels correlated with the viral load (P < 0.0001). Seroconversion occurred on day 230. The CMV viral load in combination with lymphocyte counts and IL-10 may be a predictive marker for the risk of development of resistant CMV disease in D+/R- SOT patients.

Televised political campaign advertising remains the most influential means for candidates to communicate with the public. One of the most closely watched political races in the United States played out on TV during the fall of 2006, matching Missouri senatorial candidates who held widely diverse ideologies yet championed very similar issues that were hot button topics nationwide. We applied symbolic convergence theory with its critical method, fantasy theme analysis (FTA), because of its facility to explore and understand meaning constructed through the convergence and competition of alternate symbolic worlds. Through this method, not previously used as a means of tracking the rhetorical visions of competing political campaign TV spots, we explain the master analogue that underpins the advertising rhetoric and offer insights into how candidates and voters make policy choices and the rationales they use to defend them. We illustrate that both the verbal and the visual narratives depict the vastly diverse rhetorical visions of the candidates and, by extension, their supporters based on opposing views of morality associated with Republican and Democratic worldviews. This study extends the reach of FTA in studying the visual signs and symbols of political advertising.

In early 2008, drug susceptibility surveillance of influenza viruses in Europe revealed that some influenza A viruses (subtype H1N1) circulating during the winter season of 2007 and 2008 were resistant to the neuraminidase inhibitor, oseltamivir. This resistance arises due to a histidine to tyrosine substitution in the neuraminidase active site (H275Y in N1 nomenclature). Current methods to detect this mutation involve an end-point reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction followed by nucleotide sequencing. While accurate, this approach has the limitation of being time-consuming, labour-intensive and expensive. Herein we describe a one-step allelic discrimination assay which rapidly (2 h) detects this resistance mutation. The sensitivity of the assay was as low as 10 copies per reaction and is capable of detecting the antiviral resistance mutation in a mixture of wild type H275 and mutant H275Y targets.

SUMMARYA prospective study of norovirus outbreaks in Ireland was carried out over a 1-year period from 1 October 2004 to 30 September 2005. Epidemiological and molecular data on norovirus outbreaks in the Republic of Ireland (ROI) and Northern Ireland (NI) were collected and combined in real time in a common database. Most reported outbreaks occurred in hospitals and residential institutions and person-to-person spread was the predominant mode of transmission. The predominant circulating norovirus strain was the GII.4-2004 strain with a small number of outbreaks due to GII.2. This study represents the first time that enhanced epidemiological and virological data on norovirus outbreaks in Ireland have been described. The link established between the epidemiological and virological institutions during the course of this study has been continued and the data is being used as a source of data for the Foodborne Viruses in Europe Network (DIVINE-NET).

The development and growth of the Internet and World Wide Web have provided a new and persuasive medium for business, education, and social interaction. Examination of hate group Web sites reveal world views that cast organizations' aims in mainstream and traditionally American terms. This article uses Ernest Bormann's fantasy theme analysis to examine hate group Web sites as a means to understand the world views expressed and the resulting potential for persuasion.

This study uses the theoretical approach of cultural materialism, suggesting that cultural artifacts such as newspaper articles offer useful documentary evidence of representations and misrepresentations of lived experience. It compares the rhetorical strategies in New York Times news articles, editorials, columns, and advertisements used to frame Japanese-Americans in the first four months following Pearl Harbor with those used to describe Muslim and Arab-Americans following September 11. This research suggests that strategies used to frame these groups as the "Other" encourage the emergence of a specific ideological vision in the news coverage which has cultivated a climate of fear in United States citizens.

For effective cancer therapy, therapeutic agents must extravasate from the blood stream into the tumour mass, then overcome the elevated intratumoural pressure and dense extracellular matrix to reach each and every cancer cell. Several recent studies have suggested that inertial cavitation in the absence or presence of artificial cavitation nuclei can significantly enhance the delivery, penetration, and distribution of small-molecule or nanoparticulate therapeutic agents into tumors. We first present a comparison of the reported enhancements in delivery achieved for a range of frequencies and therapeutic sizes without or with pre-seeding of cavitation, with particular emphasis on the potential role of cavitation persistence and spatial distribution. With microstreaming hypothesized to be the dominant transport mechanism for drug delivery, the likely benefit of using sub-micron cavitation nucleation agents capable of extravasating alongside the therapeutic, rather than microbubbles confined to the blood po...

This article critiques five of the influential textbooks in post‐secondary public relations using a postmodern and deconstructive approach. It argues that public relations textbooks uncritically present a singular view of PR as an ever‐evolving and positive social force. The essay examines versions of public relations history presented in textbooks and points out how alternative and less positive versions of that history are not expressed. Public relations definitions, theories, and practices in the textbooks are deconstructed including the two‐way symmetric conceptualization of PR, notions of a socially‐responsible PR and the role of the free marketplace of ideas. It calls for pedagogies that encourage students to become skeptical rather than credulous readers and raise their awareness of alternative ways of understanding public relations and corporate communication.

(2000). Thoughts on public relations education: Can propaganda be good for you? Reply to Debra A. Worley. Critical Studies in Media Communication: Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 377-381.

This study uses a dramatistic and rhetorical approach in tracking the trail of influence used by one organization to influence media coverage of a controverserial policy issue. Using the lens of fantasy theme analysis, it examines the strategies of a publicity campaign developed to persuade opinion leaders and the public at large that casino‐style riverboat gambling should be approved in Iowa. Following the trail of influence from inception to outcome, it raises questions about the media's so‐called “gatekeeping” function, the role of rhetorical artistry in gaining desired news coverage, and the problems of muted and rhetorically unsophisticated dissident voices in public policy debates.

This study applied cognitive heuristics theory to the study of gender role stereotyping. Seventy-five high school students viewed magazine advertisements with stereotypical images of women, while fifty others viewed nonstereotypical images. Both groups then responded to statements concerning a woman in a “neutral” photograph. Differences in gender role expectations were found for six of the twelve questionnaire statements, although differences were not consistently related to either gender or experimental treatment. While the effects documented in this experiment were not dramatic, the results provide further evidence that even brief exposure to stereotypical advertisements plays a role in reinforcing stereotypes about gender roles and that what Sandra Bem has described as the lenses of gender lead to differences in the ways males and females cognitively process visual advertising images.

Introduction. Congenital long QT syndrome type 2 (LQTS2) is a rare inherited cardiac abnormality resulting in increased risk of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (PVT).Case Description. A 21-year-old postpartum female presented with syncopal episode after phone alarm. She was noted to have PVT on telemetry monitoring in the emergency department. EKG revealed QTc of 530. The patient’s only medication was medroxyprogesterone. She ultimately received a dual chamber pacemaker with ICD.Discussion. LQTS2 is associated with alarm sounds as a precipitating factor. Postpartum hormonal shifts as well as medroxyprogesterone have significant effect on native QTc duration.

Among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, donor-seropositive/recipient-seronegative (D+/R-) cytomegalovirus (CMV) status is associated with the highest risk of ganciclovir-resistant CMV disease, which has been reported for patients receiving oral ganciclovir but not valganciclovir prophylaxis. We report a case of CMV breakthrough infection in a D+/R- liver transplant patient while he was receiving oral valganciclovir. Forty samples collected over 6 months were analyzed for the CMV viral load, lymphocyte counts, cytokine levels, and lymphocyte differentiation status. Genotypic resistance testing of the viral UL97 gene was performed when the patient failed to respond. CMV viremia occurred on day 50 post-transplant, and 5 samples taken between days 50 and 85 showed the wild-type UL97 genotype. The appearance of deletion 594-595 was observed from day 114 post-transplant. Viral loads declined when foscarnet was commenced and remained below 10,000 copies/mL when the lymphocyte count was greater than 1000/microL (P = 0.02). T cell responses revealed significant expansion of CD8+ terminal effector memory cells. CD4+ cells were largely populations of naïve and central memory cells. Circulating interleukin 10 (IL-10) levels correlated with the viral load (P0.0001). Seroconversion occurred on day 230. The CMV viral load in combination with lymphocyte counts and IL-10 may be a predictive marker for the risk of development of resistant CMV disease in D+/R- SOT patients.

One of the challenges in developing agile and adapt leaders is enhancing communication at every level. University of Missouri Columbia researchers in partnership with Fort Leonard Wood (FLW) STRATCOM and other key personnel, conducted qualitative and quantitative research in order to establish benchmarks and make recommendations about how best to meet communication challenges and opportunities. Phase I involved a series of interviews with small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in all areas of FLW to gain a range of perspectives. This was a critical step, in part because FLW is such a large and complex organization. Phase I also involved analysis of current communication programming, tools, plans, and structure. It emerged that currently an overarching strategic plan did not exist, though considerable progress was being made by the appointment of a STRATCOM cell and leader to bring together communicators in various areas. Notably, excellent communication vehicles did and do exist as evidenced by the Guidon, FLW web sites, successful events, and the like. Nevertheless, communication strategy had not been formalized in a document that all entities embraced. Some structural issues and barriers emerged in that it was unclear how the STRATCOM cell can and should interact with senior leaders and stakeholders. In addition, research and evaluation metrics did not exist. Phase II was a two-pronged effort to better understand internal and one specific external audience. First, for internal stakeholders, researchers developed an online questionnaire that examined media preferences and needs for information based on the Army-centric Media Choice Model (Thorson & Duffy, 2009). This model provided crucial insights and found significant differences among SMEs for types of information they desire and how they prefer to get such information.