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Abstract The calcareous Halimeda bioherms of the northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia are the largest actively accumulating Halimeda deposits worldwide. They contribute a substantial component of the Great Barrier Reef neritic carbonate factory, as well as the geomorphological development of Australia's northeast continental shelf. Halimeda bioherm geomorphology is complex, expressing three distinct variations in morphotype patterns: annulate, reticulate and undulate. Similar regular and irregular geomorphological patterning often results from scale‐dependent biophysical feedback mechanisms. Therefore, a better understanding of morphotype differentiation can inform the biotic and abiotic drivers of spatial heterogeneity in the bioherm ecosystem. Here, 3D LiDAR bathymetry is integrated with 2D sub‐bottom profile datasets to investigate surface topography and internal sedimentary architecture of Halimeda bioherms through space and time. Using the ESRI ArcGIS 3D Analyst and Benthic Terrain Modeller extensions, the bioherm surface and subsurface geomorphometric characteristics were quantified for the annulate, reticulate and undulate morphotypes. Significant variation was found between the three bioherm morphotypes in their surface topography, internal structure, volume, slope gradients and terrain complexity. Therefore, their geomorphology is probably influenced by differing processes and biophysical feedback mechanisms. The complex surface topography does not appear to be inherited from the antecedent substrate, and preferred aspect orientations resulting from hydrodynamic forcing appear to be limited. It is suggested here that autogenic dynamics or biotic self‐organization similar to patterns and processes in other marine organo‐sedimentary systems modulates Halimeda bioherm geomorphology, and some hypotheses are offered towards future studies. Morphotype differentiation has implications for the development of the Halimeda bioherm carbonate factory, rates of sediment aggradation and progradation, and variable capacity to fill accommodation space. Self‐organization dynamics and morphology differentiation in Modern bioherm systems could potentially inform palaeo‐environmental interpretations of fossil bioherms and phylloid algal mounds on geological timescales.

Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency (VDD) are widely recognized as risk factors for respiratory tract infections. Vitamin D influences expression of many genes with well-established relevance to airway infections and relevant to immune system function. Recently, VDD has been shown to be a risk factor for acquisition and severity of COVID-19. Thus, treating VDD presents a safe and inexpensive opportunity for modulating the severity of the disease. VDD is common in those over 60 years of age, many with co-morbid conditions and in people with skin pigmentation sufficient to reduce synthesis of vitamin D. Exposure to fine particulate air pollution is also associated with worse outcomes from COVID19. Vitamin D stimulates transcription of cathelicidin which is cleaved to generate LL37. LL37 is an innate antimicrobial with demonstrated activity against a wide range of microbes including envelope viruses. LL37 also modulates cytokine signaling at the site of infections. Fine particles in air pollution can interfere with LL37 destruction of viruses and may reduce effective immune signaling modulation by LL37. While vitamin D influences transcription of many immune related genes, the weakened antimicrobial response of those with VDD against SARS-CoV-2 may be in part due to reduced LL37.Conclusion: Vitamin D plays an important role reducing the impact of viral lung disease processes. VDD is an acknowledged public health threat that warrants population-wide action to reduce COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. While vitamin D influences transcription of many immune related genes, the weakened antimicrobial response of those with VDD against SARS-CoV-2 may be in part due to reduced LL37. Action is needed to address COVID-19 associated risks of air pollution from industry, transportation, domestic sources and from primary and second hand tobacco smoke.

Bank Syariah telah beroperasi di Indonesia selama kurang lebih 20 tahun di Indonesia. Tonggak awal Bank Syariah di Indonesia ditandai dengan mulai beroperasinya Bank Muamalat pada tahun 1992, kemudian diikuti oleh Bank Syariah lainnya. Dengan penduduk Indonesia yang saat ini berjumlah lebih dari 250 juta jiwa, dengan mayoritas muslim, seharusnya hal itu menjadi pasar potensial Bank Syariah. Namun ternyata Bank Syariah belum mampu mengimbangi dominasi Bank Konvensional. Selama 20 tahun lebih beroperasi di Indonesia, Bank Syariah hanya mampu menembus 5% pangsa pasar perbankan. Berdasarkan fenomena tersebut, maka penelitian ini berupaya untuk menganalisa Bank Syariah dari aspek pemasarannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Jombang, yang juga disebut sebagai kota santri. Kota Jombang dianggap dapat merefleksikan fenomena yang ada dalam skala nasional, karena Jombang penduduknya mayoritas muslim dengan budaya Islamnya yang kental. Penelitian ini berupaya untuk menganalisa pengaruh Contemporary Marketing Mix terhadap minat masyrakat untuk menjadi nasabah Bank Syariah, dengan Brand Image sebagai variabel mediasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey, serta menggunakan teknik SEM-PLS dengan alat WarpPLS 5.0 untuk analisa data. Hasil analisa telah memenuhi asumsi outer model, inner model dan model fit, serta menunjukkan bahwa Contemporary Marketing Mix mempengaruhi minat beli, dengan Brand Image sebagai variabel mediasi parsial.

Abstrak. Aktivitas dan perilaku sosial masyarakat dibulan Ramadan telah berubah seperti meningkatnya pola konsumsi makanan, aktivitas ekonomi dan aktivitas sosial masyarakat sehingga diduga mempengaruhi kimia-fisika lingkungan, total Coliform dan kualitas perairan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui (i) perubahan kualitas perairan berdasarkan kimia-fisika perairan, total Coliform dan fekal Coliform dan (ii) mengetahui hubungan parameter kimia-fisika perairan terhadap fekal Coliform di periode sebelum, saat dan setelah Ramadan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Situ Gintung pada periode sebelum, saat dan setelah Ramadan tahun 2016 (1437 Hijriah). Kimia-fisika perairan tidak berbeda nyata (ANOVA, p >0.05) kecuali total dissolved solid (TDS) dan electrical conductivity (EC) berbeda nyata (ANOVA, p < 0.05) di semua periode. Nilai total Coliform di semua periode Ramadan >1100 MPN/100 mL. Kualitas perairan Situ Gintung berada di luar baku mutu air kelas I berdasarkan total Coliform di semua periode Ramadan. Hasil CCA (Canonical Correspondence Analysis) menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan kelompok fekal Coliform yaitu Salmonella dipengaruhi EC dan TDS, Escherichia coli dipengaruhi kecerahan dan Proteus tidak dipengaruhi semua parameter. Proteus dan E. coli mengalami peningkatan jumlah selama periode Ramadan dimana jumlah Salmonella tertinggi pada saat Ramadan. Perbedaan kimia-fisika perairan (EC dan TDS), total Coliform dan kualitas perairan Situ Gintung mengindikasikan telah dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas masyarakat pada semua periode.

Indonesia has a good market potential for Islamic banking business development. However, the market share of Islamic banks is still far behind the conventional ones. Over 5 years, Islamic marketing mix has been integrated with the contemporary marketing mix. This article prudently examines the decision of society to invest their funds in Islamic banks dealing with the integrated marketing mix. Questionnaires had been distributed to 150 respondents of Islamic banks customers. Using analysis of Structural Equation Modeling based on variance (SEM-PLS), this article shows that the integrated marketing mix has taken an influence on customer purchasing decisions, consisting of pragmatism and product, pertinence and promotion, persistence and process. Keywords: SEM-PLS, Islamic banking, integrated marketing

Fiber optic research continues to develop due to the need for fast information technology. The input signal in an optical fiber is in the form of a soliton wave that propagates in the fiber with a balanced index of refraction, dispersion, and diffraction. Fiber optics may lose some of the signal over time if they solely use a nonlinear refractive index. This study aims to examine into the dynamics and decoherence of multi-peak solitons caused by electromagnetic signal attenuation and potential trap in the propagation via optical fibers. The methods used start with the stationary solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger Cubic Quintic equation, the Newton-Raphson method, and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta. In stationary solutions, the p (state energy) and ρ (Lèvy index) values affect the number, pulse width, and height of soliton peaks. Increased p and ρ values lead to increased instability, causing the data transmitted into the optical fiber to collapse and become unreadable by the receiver. In the excited state (p > 0), the decoherence phenomenon occurs and causes wave instability and destruction. In term of energy intensity, a stable form of transmission in the ground state has a pattern of continuously weakening, decreasing, and smoothing, while in the excited state there is a spike in the intensity of the electromagnetic wave. Based on this study, multi-peak solitons can only be applied for propagation distances, which tend to be short due to their dynamics and decoherence.

Abstract Background Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) are common complications encountered in pregnancy that affect between 5% and 15% of pregnancies worldwide. Some studies have associated adherence to a diet with a high acid load with an increased risk of HDPs. This study investigates the association between Dietary Acid Load (DAL) and the incidence of preeclampsia, chronic hypertension (HTN), and gestational hypertension (GHTN). Methods Pregnant women aged 18 to 45 in the first trimester of pregnancy were selected and followed up until delivery. Diet was evaluated using a 168-question semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). After calculating the DAL score, the inverse probability weight of the propensity scores, estimated from augmented generalized models, was used to obtain a causal risk ratio (RR) adjusted for potential confounders. Results Out of 1,856 women, 92 (4.95%) developed preeclampsia. The potential renal acid load (PRAL) score ranged from − 16.14 to 0.58, while the net endogenous acid production (NEAP) score ranged from 34.61 to 50.15. Multivariable analysis revealed a significant association between PRAL and preeclampsia in the first (aRR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.01, 3.49, p = 0.048) and third (aRR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.07, 3.81, p = 0.030) quartiles compared to the reference group (Q2). No significant linear association was found in continuous analyses. For chronic HTN, significant associations were observed in the first (aRR: 2.56, 95% CI: 1.21, 5.42, p = 0.014) and fourth (aRR: 4.79, 95% CI: 2.37, 9.71, p

Abstract Background The encapsulation of metagenome-derived multi-enzymes presents a novel approach to improving poultry feed by enhancing nutrient availability and reducing anti-nutritional factors. By integrating and encapsulated enzymes such as carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, protease, lipase, and laccase into feed formulations, this method not only improves feed digestibility but also potentially contributes to animal health and productivity through antimicrobial properties. Results This study investigates the encapsulation of metagenome-derived enzymes, including carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, protease, lipase, and laccase, using Arabic and Guar gums as encapsulating agents. The encapsulated multi-enzymes exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, achieving a 92.54% inhibition rate against Escherichia coli at a concentration of 6 U/mL. Fluorescence tracking with FITC-labeled enzymes confirmed efficient encapsulation and distribution, while physical characterization, including moisture content and solubility assessments, along with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) imaging, validated successful encapsulation. The encapsulated enzymes also effectively hydrolyzed poultry feed, leading to an increase in phenolic content and antioxidant activity, as confirmed by 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Conclusions The encapsulated multi-enzymes improved the overall feed quality by increasing reducing sugars and enhancing physical properties such as solubility and water-holding capacity. The encapsulated multi-enzymes improved the overall feed quality by increasing reducing sugars, antioxidant activity and enhancing physical properties such as solubility and water-holding capacity. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses confirmed the enzymatic breakdown of the feed structure. These results suggest that supplementing poultry feed with encapsulated multi-enzymes can enhance its physical, nutritional, and functional properties, leading to improved digestibility and overall feed quality.

Di Indonesia, mahasiswa perantau sudah lazim ditemui. Hal ini disebabkan oleh fakta bahwa banyak mahasiswa yang menempuh pendidikan di luar daerah tempat tinggalnya, dan tinggal terpisah dari orang tua, keluarga, dan teman – temannya di kampung halaman. Berada jauh dari orang yang disayangi dan cintai dapat menyebabkan perasaan loneliness. Loneliness adalah respon emosional dan kognitif yang disebabkan oleh kurangnya hubungan yang memadai dan memuaskan dengan individu lain. Memiliki hewan peliharaan dan terjalinnya pet attachment pada hewan peliharaan merupakan salah satu cara untuk mengurangi loneliness. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pet attachment dengan loneliness pada mahasiswa pemilik hewan peliharaan yang tinggal di kost. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan desain korelasional. Sebanyak 220 partisipan terlibat dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik incidental sampling. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Lexington Attachment to Pet Scale (LAPS) dan skala 6-Item Cross Cultural Social Isolation Scale. Hasil analisis koefisien korelasi untuk variabel pet attachment dengan loneliness = 0,332 dengan signifikansi sebesar 0,000 (p0,05). Hasil analisis data menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang positif signifikan antara pet attachment dengan loneliness pada mahasiswa pemilik hewan peliharaan yang tinggal di kost.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan aplikasi SPARKS (Sistem Pusat Akses Program Kerja dan Kegiatan Mahasiswa) sebagai solusi strategis untuk mengatasi kendala penyebaran informasi, kekurangan dan kendala pada sistem Satuan Kredit Poin Mahasiswa (SKPM), serta inefisiensi pengelolaan kegiatan ormawa di Universitas UPN Veteran Jawa Timur. Dengan menggunakan metode Goals Directed Design (GDD), penelitian ini melibatkan tahapan research, modeling, requirement, framework, refinement, dan support dalam perancangan antarmuka aplikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterbatasan akses informasi dan ketidakjelasan kategori SKPM merupakan masalah utama yang dihadapi. Pengembangan aplikasi SPARKS diharapkan dapat memberikan dampak positif terhadap pengelolaan kegiatan ormawa, memfasilitasi penyebaran informasi, dan meningkatkan efisiensi proses klaim SKPM. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa desain antarmuka SPARKS telah memenuhi kebutuhan pengguna dengan tampilan yang menarik, mudah digunakan, dan relevan dengan kebutuhan mahasiswa dengan skor SUS sebesar 80,3%.

Abstract In recent years, biologists and clinicians have witnessed prominent advances in in vitro 3D culture techniques related to biomimetic human/animal tissue analogs. Numerous data have confirmed that unicellular and multicellular (tumoroids) tumor spheroids with dense native cells in certain matrices are sensitive and valid analytical tools for drug screening, cancer cell dynamic growth, behavior, etc. in laboratory settings. Angiogenesis/vascularization is a very critical biological phenomenon to support oxygen and nutrients to tumor cells within the deep layer of solid masses. It has been shown that endothelial cell (EC)-incorporated or -free spheroid/tumoroid systems provide a relatively reliable biological platform for monitoring the formation of nascent blood vessels in micron/micrometer scales. Besides, the paracrine angiogenic activity of cells within the spheroid/tumoroid systems can be monitored after being treated with different therapeutic approaches. Here, we aimed to collect recent advances and findings related to the monitoring of cancer angiogenesis using unicellular and multicellular tumor spheroids. Vascularized spheroids/tumoroids can help us in the elucidation of mechanisms related to cancer formation, development, and metastasis by monitoring the main influencing factors.

This research is based on the importance of entrepreneurial skills and leadership style in influencing business performance, especially for women entrepreneurs. In the age of globalization and increasingly intense competition, women entrepreneurs must possess sufficient skills and apply efficient leadership styles in order to achieve the best business outcomes. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which entrepreneurial skills and leadership styles impact the business performance of women entrepreneurs. This study involved women entrepreneurs in Bekasi district with 100 respondents randomly selected as the research sample. Information was collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using the Smart PLS (Partial Least Squares) technique to test the research model and hypotheses. The analysis found that entrepreneurial ability and leadership style have a major impact on firm performance. The entrepreneurial capability has been shown to make a significant contribution to improving operational efficiency and the ability to innovate, while a flexible and inspiring leadership style is able to improve team motivation and performance. It was found that it is important for women entrepreneurs to develop appropriate competencies and leadership styles to support their business success.

Infant mortality rate (IMR) is one of the indicators to measure public health status and community welfare. In the last 3 years (2014-2016), the infant mortality rate in Sampang Regency has increased. The purpose of this study is to develop spatial-based modeling of factors affecting infant mortality rates in Sampang. Researchers used an ecological study design where secondary data came from the Health Office and the Central Bureau of Statistics in Sampang Regency. The dependent variable is infant mortality rate, while the independent variables are delivery assisted by health workers, exclusive breastfeeding coverage, neonatal complications handled, K4 visit coverage, LBW percentage, midwife to population ratio, percentage of clean and healthy household behavior. Data has been analyzed and processed using Geoda and Quantum GIS applications. Based on statistical tests, the spatial model is obtained: ŷi= -21.82+0.706 ∑(i=1,i≠j)^n wijyi-0.61* childbirth attended by health worker+0.10* neonatal complications attended by health worker+1.89* LBW babies. Each variable of childbirth assisted by health workers increased by 10, it can decrease the infant mortality rate by 6.1 cases. Each variable of neonatal complications not handled by health workers rises 10 units, it can increase the infant mortality rate by 1 case. each variable of LBW babies rises 1 unit and it can increase infant mortality cases by 1.89 cases. The results of this study can be used to reduce infant mortality rates that occur by intervening in existing factors.

Elections are one of the key moments in a country's democracy. Indonesian elections have a significant impact on regional and global politics. Twitter being one of the popular social media platforms becomes a powerful tool for political campaigns. This makes it an ideal source to analyze public opinion during the 2024 general election, particularly the upcoming Presidential Election (Pilpres). IndoBERT is the model chosen to analyse the sentiment from the dataset in this study using a zero-shot learning approach. Based on the evaluation results, the accuracy value of the 2024 presidential election classification is 0.60 (60%), tends to predict with a good value in the positive label of 0.74 (74%) for F1-Score. This model is considered quite good at predicting negative labels but the results are not too optimal with a value of 0.49 (49%). Confusion Matrix in this IndoBERT model is more likely to label tweets with positive things, by detecting negative labels quite well.

Kaempferia galanga L. rhizomes contain ethyl trans-p-methoxycinnamate as a major secondary metabolite compound and biomarker. Various extraction methods with different solvents can isolate ethyl trans-p-methoxycinnamate with potential bioactivities. This paper reported the isolation of ethyl trans-p-methoxycinnamate from two varieties of K. galanga L. rhizomes by maceration in n-hexane. The small and large varieties of K. galanga samples produced ethyl trans-p-methoxycinnamate in 1.43% and 1.84% yields, higher than other methods and polar solvents of previous research. Structural elucidation of the obtained ethyl trans-p-methoxycinnamate was performed by FTIR, MS, and 1H NMR spectroscopies.