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Julita Szulimowska,1 Anna Zalewska,1 Katarzyna Taranta-Janusz,2 Grażyna Marczuk-Kolada,3 Małgorzata Żendzian-Piotrowska,4 Mateusz Maciejczyk4 1Department of Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; 2Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; 3Department of Pedodontics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; 4Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, PolandCorrespondence: Mateusz Maciejczyk, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, 2c Mickiewicza Street, Bialystok, 15-233, Poland, Email mat.maciejczyk@gmail.comIntroduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a systemic inflammatory disease that leads to multiple organ complications not only in the kidneys and the cardiovascular system, but also in the oral cavity. CKD children experience reduced saliva secretion (hyposalivation), which leads to increased incidence of dental caries and significant impairment of patients’ quality of life. However, the causes of salivary gland dysfunction in children with CKD are unknown. The present study is the first to evaluate the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory profile in the saliva of children with CKD at different stages of renal failure with normal and reduced salivary gland function.Methods: Thirty children with CKD (age 9– 16) and thirty age- and gender-matched healthy children were classified for the study. Salivary inflammatory and anti-inflammatory profile were assayed using the multiplex ELISA assay.Results: We demonstrated statistically significant changes in salivary pro-inflammatory (↑TNF-α, ↓IL-7), anti-inflammatory (↑IL-10), Th1 (↑INF-γ, ↑IL-15), Th2 (↑IL-4, ↑IL-5, ↑IL-6, ↑IL-9) and Th17 (IL-17) cytokines as well as chemokines (↑MCP-1/CCL-2, ↑MIP-1α/CCL3, ↓MIP-1β/CCL4, ↓EOTAXIN/CCL11) and growth factors