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The present study analyzes Imposter Phenomenon (IP) through the lens of three different motivational frameworks. Expectancy Value Theory, Attribution Theory, and Self-Determination Theory were used to study IP among academics. With 72% of participants experiencing frequent or intense IP levels, IP was prevalent among those sampled. Females experienced higher IP than males, although race and first-generation status did not significantly impact IP levels. Post docs had higher IP scores than tenured faculty and full-time non-tenured faculty had higher IP scores than tenured faculty. Younger academics had higher IP scores. Analyses of the motivational frameworks showed significant differences by IP level.

Use of peer models during classroom demonstrations can be an effective teaching practice to support student learning and self-efficacy. According to social cognitive theory, modeling is a form of vicarious experience: those experiences through which students are able to learn and acquire knowledge through observation. As a critical source of self-efficacy, vicarious experiences involving peer models are likely to support students' efficacy. Although qualities of effective peer models have been identified, there has been less translational work that discusses the tensions between best practice and the practical considerations by educators in identifying, selecting, and using peer models for classroom demonstrations. The aim of this paper is to review the qualities of peer models research and discuss how effective peer models can be implemented in diverse classrooms. Here we pay particular attention to the perceived similarity of ability and identity between the model and student observers. This paper also outlines gaps in the research and identifies pathways for future research.

The socioeconomic contribution of microbusinesses towards emerging economies is undeniable. However, numerous factors have broadened the gap between microbusinesses and their smartification. This conceptual study proposes the Technology Adoption Model Canvas (TAMC) based on theories such as the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2), Diffusion of Innovation (DOI), and the Business Model Canvas (BMC) alongside four new/emerging variables, making it possible to understand technology adoption through both individual/cognitive and organizational/physical perspectives. The framework is developed for food service (FS) microbusinesses to facilitate their adaptability in current and future market conditions. Subsequently, we explain the development of the TAMC, including its significance, limitations, and avenues for future research. The proposed framework can provide a solution for FS microbusinesses towards a ‘smarter’ and more sustainable future. It further guides the evaluation of both microbusinesses’ readiness and the factors driving/impeding them towards/from adopting smart technology.

In this paper we describe our investigation of underrepresented high school students' interests, engagement, and experiences in design-based Information and Communications Technology (ICT) summer workshop activities; with the goal of identifying activities, aspects, and/or elements of the program that can be tailored or improved upon to attract, engage, educate, and retain high schoolers who have historically been underrepresented in ICT. Our primary research question is "which activities are most engaging for students typically underrepresented in ICT careers and programs," and we additionally report on underrepresented students' experiences and psychosocial changes across the summer workshops. A total of 139 high school students (of which 98 identified as being underrepresented female and/or racially minoritized students) participated in the ICT workshops hosted across three consecutive summers at a large, public, urban university in the Midwestern region of the United States. Employing a mixed methods design, our quantitative results and qualitative findings suggest that underrepresented students in our sample found the summer workshops' group projects and hands-on courses to be the most engaging activities. Implications of our results/findings are further discussed.

Abstract Research on diel vertical migration (DVM) is generally conducted at the population level, whereas few studies have focused on how individual animals behaviorally respond to threats when also having access to foraging opportunities. We utilized a 3D tracking platform to record the swimming behavior of Daphnia magna exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in the presence or absence of a food patch. We analyzed the vertical position of individuals before and during UVR exposure and found that the presence of food reduced the average swimming depth during both sections of the trial. Since UVR is a strong driver of zooplankton behavior, our results highlight that biotic factors, such as food patches, have profound effects on both the amplitude and the frequency of avoidance behavior. In a broader context, the trade‐off between threats and food adds to our understanding of the strength and variance of behavioral responses to threats, including DVM.

# Background Regular employment of three-dimensional (3D) motion analyses to assess and monitor knee valgus moments; a contributor to non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury; during unplanned sidestep cutting (USC) is costly and time-consuming. An alternative quick-to-administer assessment tool to infer an athlete's risk for this injury could allow prompt and targeted interventions to mitigate this risk. # Purpose This study investigated whether peak knee valgus moments (KVM) during weight-acceptance phase of an unplanned sidestep cut were correlated with composite and component scores of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS™). # Study Design Cross-sectional, Correlation # Methods Thirteen female national-level netballers performed six movements of the FMS™ protocol and three trials of USC. A 3D motion analysis system captured lower limb kinetics and kinematics of each participant's non-dominant leg during USC. Averages of peak KVM across USC trials were calculated and examined for correlations with composite and component scores of the FMS™. # Results No correlations were found between FMS™ composite or any of its component scores with peak KVM during USC. # Conclusions The current FMS™ did not show any correlations with peak KVM during USC on the non-dominant leg. This suggests that the FMS™ has limited utility in screening for non-contact ACL injury risks during USC. # Level of Evidence 3

Introduction Concomitant acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) disruptions with coracoid base fractures are rare high energy injuries. The management of these injuries can be challenging. The aim of this study is to assess the functional and radiographic outcomes of a retrospective case series of patients presenting with concomitant ACJ and coracoid base injuries managed with a clavicle hook plate with subsequent hardware removal at a later stage. Methods Six patients were identified for inclusion in the study. Radiographic and clinical data were available which allowed for collection of demographic information as well as classification of the fractures. Telephone consultation with patients allowed for collection of functional scores which included the Oxford shoulder score (OSS), QuickDASH (Q-DASH), Euroqol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) and the SF-12 score. Results All patients were male with a mean age of 39.8 years and a median follow-up period of 34 months. All patients underwent a successful operative procedure with a median time to union of 3.75 months. Good functional outcomes were reported by all patients: mean OSS 45.0, mean Q-DASH 4.8, mean EQ-VAS 82.8 and encouraging SF-12 scores (mean PCS 56.0, mean MCS 56.4). Conclusion The use of a lateral clavicle hook plate can achieve good healing and functional outcomes when managing patients with acromioclavicular joint disruptions associated with a coracoid base fracture.

This study profiled the changes in running performances and collisions within a Rugby sevens tournament. Sixteen male players were equipped with global positioning system units while competing at the 2015 and 2016 Asia Rugby Sevens series held in Colombo and Hong Kong, respectively. Both tournaments consisted of 4 matches each, and were played over 2 days (i.e., 2 matches/day). Total distance (TD) covered increased in match 3 compared with matches 1 (19 ± 19%; p

Many scholars have argued that motivation is dynamic and malleable across time and contexts. In this article, we investigated changes in undergraduates' task value and self-efficacy across an academic semester. Sixty three undergraduate students completed the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire across five time points in their introductory educational psychology class. We predicted that, across the semester, students' expressiveness of these constructs would change. Using growth curve modeling, we found both constructs to fluctuate in a cubic fashion. The implications of these findings are discussed.

In the adult tissues, blood vessels traverse the body with neurons side by side; and share common signaling molecules. Developmental studies on animal models have shown that peripheral sensory neurons (PSNs) secrete angiogenic factors and endothelial cells (ECs) secrete neurotrophic factors which contribute to their coexistence, thereby forming the peripheral neurovascular (PNV) unit. Despite the large number of studies showing that innervation and vascularization complement each other, the interaction between human PSNs and ECs is still largely unknown. To study this interaction and to evaluate if PSNs affect angiogenesis, we derived both PSNs and ECs from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and developed a co-culture system. Seeding the two cell types together showed that PSNs induced endothelial morphogenesis with formation of vessel-like structures (VLSs). The PSN precursors, neural crest stem cells also induced VLS formation in the co-culture system; however, to a lesser extent. This sheds new light on the in vitro angiogenic potential of these cell types. PSNs derived from hESCs are powerful tools for studying development and disease as human PSNs are inaccessible for in vitro assays. Our novel approach, with optimized media condition allowed for integrating hESC-derived PSNs with hESC-derived ECs in three-dimensional (3D) collagen gel for creating a completely humanised PNV model. This preliminary model showed that innervation improves the development of vascularized channels in vitro, and provides insight to the development of innervated 3D models in future.

There is limited literature to guide shoulder surgeons in the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). We aim to help clinicians to formulate an approach to the surgical management of the condition through a review of the available literature on arthroplasty in JIA, general considerations when operating on patients with inflammatory arthropathy and recommendations based on the authors’ experience. Four articles report formal data on arthroplasty in JIA with favourable improvements in post-operative pain and function scores after the long-term follow-up. Significant heterogeneity in treatment and a lack of standardisation in quantitative outcomes highlights the need for further larger scale and higher quality research. The aim of this study is to review the evidence and provide information on preoperative evaluation of surgical candidates, operative techniques, choice of implant design and to evaluate functional outcomes in patients who undergo shoulder arthroplasty.

Crustacean copepods in high-latitude lakes frequently alter their pigmentation facultatively to defend themselves against prevailing threats, such as solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and visually oriented predators. Strong seasonality in those environments promotes phenotypic plasticity. To date, no one has investigated whether low-latitude copepods, experiencing continuous stress from UVR and predation threats, exhibit similar inducible defences. We here investigated the pigmentation levels of Bahamian ‘blue hole’ copepods, addressing this deficit. Examining several populations varying in predation risk, we found the lowest levels of pigmentation in the population experiencing the highest predation pressure. In a laboratory experiment, we found that, in contrast with our predictions, copepods from these relatively constant environments did show some changes in pigmentation subsequent to the removal of UVR; however, exposure to water from different predation regimes induced minor and idiosyncratic pigmentation change. Our findings suggest that low-latitude zooplankton in inland environments may exhibit reduced, but non-zero, levels of phenotypic plasticity compared with their high-latitude counterparts.

In this article, we present 2 studies with the primary objectives of (a) identifying college-aged students' perceived costs for their academic studies and (b) exploring college students' descriptions of "beneficial" aspects of costs. In Study 1, 10 cost concepts were identified from 2 focus groups, including stress, lost opportunities, effort, financial, and lost interest, to name a few. In Study 2, 98 undergraduates were surveyed on their perceptions about possible "beneficial" aspects of cost. Some of the beneficial aspects of costs that were reported included gained rewards and the development of time management skills. Implications of our findings are further discussed, along with avenues for future research.

We surveyed 139 (88 traditional, 51 nontraditional) students on various motivational measures of self-determination, attribution, and expectancy-value to (a) investigate motivational differences by student status and (b) identify the motivational variables that best predict academic achievement by student status. Results of a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated that nontraditional students report significantly higher levels of interest and teacher influence, just to name two. Results of two stepwise regression analyses suggest that ability-attribution and cost-value variables predict traditional students' academic achievement, and self-efficacy and peer-personal support variables predict nontraditional students' academic achievement. Implications are further discussed, along with avenues for future research.

Background. The family and home environment is an influential antecedent of childhood obesity. The purpose of this study was to pilot test The Enabling Mothers to Prevent Pediatric Obesity through Web-Based Education and Reciprocal Determinism (EMPOWER) intervention; a newly developed, theory-based, online program for prevention of childhood obesity. Method. The two-arm, parallel group, randomized, participant-blinded trial targeted mothers with children between 4 and 6 years of age. Measures were collected at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks to evaluate programmatic effects on constructs of social cognitive theory (SCT) and obesity-related behaviors. Process evaluation transpired concurrently with each intervention session. Results. Fifty-seven participants were randomly assigned to receive either experimental EMPOWER (n = 29) or active control Healthy Lifestyles (n = 28) intervention. Significant main effects were identified for child physical activity, sugar-free beverage consumption, and screen time, indicating that both groups improved in these behaviors. A significant group-by-time interaction was detected for child fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption as well as the SCT construct of environment in the EMPOWER cohort. An increase of 1.613 cups of FVs (95% confidence interval = [0.698, 2.529]) was found in the experimental group, relative to the active control group. Change score analysis found changes in the home environment accounted for 31.4% of the change in child FV intake for the experimental group. Conclusions. Child physical activity, sugar-free beverage consumption, and screen time improved in both groups over the course of the trial. Only the theory-based intervention was efficacious in increasing child FV consumption. The EMPOWER program was robust for inducing change in the home environment leading to an increase in child FV intake (Cohen's "f" = 0.160).

Recently, conceptual change research has been experiencing a warming trend (G. M. Sinatra, 2005) whereby motivational and affective factors are being explored in the conceptual change process. The purpose of this study is to explore the 2 × 2 framework of achievement goal theory in relation to students' conceptual change learning for a specific topic in biology, HIV/AIDS. The authors hypothesized that those with approach goals (mastery approach and performance approach) would demonstrate greater posttest conceptual change in their understanding of HIV/AIDS than those with avoidance goals. Participants were 206 undergraduates in introductory-level college biology courses. Participants were provided a 1,004-word HIV/AIDS text and were pre- and posttested on their conceptual knowledge of HIV/AIDS. Results of an analysis of covariance indicated that approach-oriented students demonstrated greater conceptual HIV/AIDS change at posttest than avoidance-oriented students. Results are discussed in light of the warming trend and achievement goal theory.

A number of U.S. higher education institutions are converting from quarter-to semester-based academic calendars; in fall 2012, seventeen Ohio institutions did so. Over a two-year time period, college student samples were recruited from a large, public, urban, Midwestern university that was undergoing a transition from a quarter-based to a semester-based calendar. Results indicate that during their last year on the quarter calendar, most students favored that system and predicted little to no change in their motivation heading into semesters; but after their first year on the semester calendar, their favoritism of quarters decreased. This mixed methods study assessed college students' favoritism of quarters and semesters; their predicted and perceived changes to their motivated behaviors; and their self-reported motivation. Even though most students perceived little to no change in their motivation after the conversion to the semester calendar, there was a noticeable increase in the percentage of students who reported having adopted maladaptive behaviors and becoming de-motivated. Despite this increase, a statistical increase in students' self-efficacy toward their coursework was also observed. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as the standard of care for older patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS) at high or excessive operative risk. There remain patients that are of such considerable risk that even TAVI can be futile. Such patients present ethical conundrums for institutional heart teams. Herein we present a case of a 90-year-old female patient with symptomatic severe AS and significant comorbidities including diffuse peripheral vascular disease and a large ascending aortic aneurysm. Would TAVI be utile or futile in this patient?

Background: Common cold misconceptions may contribute to ill-informed decisions and recommendations made by K-12 educators who often encounter infected students. Understanding the structure of educators' misconceptions can be used to improve health instruction in teacher professional preparation programs. Purpose: The purposes of this project were to (1) identify prevalent common cold misconceptions held by preservice educators and (2) test the effectiveness of a refutational text meant to promote the adoption of scienti?cally appropriate common cold conceptions. Study 1: An assessment concerning the common cold was completed by 44 preservice teachers. Misconceptions, such as cold weather triggering the common cold, were prevalent. Study 2: A total of 86 participants completed the same assessment as used in study 1 before and after reading a common cold refutational text. Participants demonstrated gains in scienti?cally appropriate common cold conceptions. Discussion: Identifying common cold misconceptions among preservice teachers can be used to build instructional materials (i.e., refutational text). Translation to Health Education Practice: Teacher preparation programs and health educators may ?nd it useful to identify common cold misconceptions prior to instruction as a way of con?rming the underlying structure of their students' misconceptions and utilize refutational texts to facilitate reconstruction of students' common cold conceptions. (Contains 3 tables.)