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RESUMEN Introducción y objetivos: Actualmente, el acceso radial distal (ARD) para procedimientos coronarios es una alternativa al acceso radial convencional, con algunas ventajas descritas principalmente en términos de complicaciones relacionadas con el acceso. A pesar de la evidencia, pocos centros han establecido el ARD como acceso sistemático para procedimientos coronarios. El objetivo de esta cohorte prospectiva es presentar la experiencia inicial en nuestro centro con el ARD en pacientes con indicación de procedimientos coronarios en cualquier escenario clínico. Métodos: Se incluyeron 1.000 procedimientos de ARD (943 pacientes) realizados en un único centro de agosto de 2020 a noviembre de 2023. El estudio fue realizado con pacientes en cualquier escenario clínico. Se recomendó la valoración por ultrasonido del trayecto de la arteria radial antes y después del procedimiento, así como la punción ecoguiada. El objetivo principal fue el éxito del ARD. Como objetivos secundarios se consideraron el éxito del procedimiento coronario, el desempeño del ARD y las complicaciones relacionadas con el acceso. Resultados: El éxito del ARD fue del 97,4% (n = 974) y el éxito del procedimiento coronario fue del 96,9% (n = 969). El tiempo de acceso del ARD fue de 40 segundos [rango intercuartílico, 30-60]. Se realizaron procedimientos diagnósticos en el 64% (n = 644) e intervencionismo coronario percutáneo (ICP) en el 36% (n = 356), incluyendo ICP primario en el 13% (n = 128) de los pacientes. La valoración por ultrasonido antes del procedimiento se llevó a cabo en el 83% (n = 830) y la punción ecoguiada en el 85% (n = 848). La incidencia de complicaciones relacionadas con el acceso fue del 2,9% (n = 29). Conclusiones: Este estudio muestra la viabilidad y la seguridad del ARD principalmente guiado por ultrasonido para los procedimientos coronarios en cualquier escenario clínico, con un alto porcentaje de éxito del acceso y de éxito del procedimiento, además de una baja incidencia de complicaciones relacionadas con el acceso. El estudio fue registrado en ClinicalTrials.gov (NTC06165406).

ABSTRACT Introduction and objectives: Distal radial access (DRA) for coronary procedures is currently recognized as an alternative to conventional transradial access, with documented advantages primarily related to access-related complications. However, widespread adoption of DRA as the default approach remains limited. Therefore, this prospective cohort study aimed to present our initial experience with DRA for coronary procedures in any clinical settings. Methods: From August 2020 to November 2023, we included 1000 DRA procedures (943 patients) conducted at a single center. The study enrolled a diverse patient population. We recommended pre- and postprocedural ultrasound evaluations of the radial artery course, with ultrasound-guided DRA puncture. The primary endpoint was DRA success, while secondary endpoints included coronary procedure success, DRA performance metrics, and the incidence of access-related complications. Results: The DRA success rate was 97.4% (n = 974), with coronary procedure success at 96.9% (n = 969). The median DRA time was 40 [interquartile range, 30-60] seconds. Diagnostic procedures accounted for 64% (n = 644) of cases, while 36% (n = 356) involved percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), including primary PCI in 13% (n = 128). Pre-procedure ultrasound evaluation and ultrasound-guided DRA were performed in 83% (n = 830) and 85% (n = 848) of cases, respectively. Access-related complications occurred in 2.9% (n = 29). Conclusions: This study shows the safety and feasibility of DRA for coronary procedures, particularly when performed under ultrasound guidance in a diverse patient population. High rates of successful access and coronary procedure outcomes were observed, together with a low incidence of access-related complications. The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NTC06165406).

Gracias a la evolución de las imágenes generadas por ordenador (CGI, del inglés Computer Generated Images) y los softwares 3D, la industria de la animación ha propiciado la realización de imágenes digitales, lugares y contextos culturales en busca de un resultado fotográfico más próximo a la realidad. Dentro de la producción del mayor distribuidor (Disney) la situación pandémica derivada de la covid-19 ha provocado que los productos destinados a las salas de cine se exhiban por un único medio: Disney+. El presente estudio pretende arrojar luz sobre el significado en la aprehensión y el desarrollo de los paisajes cuando el medio de exhibición se traslada al consumo enteramente digital mediante un sistema de vídeo bajo demanda (VBD). De este modo, se han estudiado las realizaciones generadas durante la crisis sanitaria (2020 2021) para comparar los resultados estéticos en los diferentes contextos representados a través de la exhibición digital.

Evolutionary medicine can help to better understand the basis of pelvic floor disorders. Some evidences of the anthropological literature are reviewed, with emphasis on the paleontological clues and phylogenetic comparison of cephalo-pelvic relations in Homo and non-human primates, is undertaken to elucidate the origin of pelvic floor disturbances in humans. Labor difficulties inherent to bipedal gait and the encephalization process could have started several million years ago with Australopithecus and appear undeniable since Homo heidelbergensis, the precursor of Neanderthals. The mechanisms involved in modern human delivery with fetal rotation into the birth canal could be exclusive of Homo sapiens. Among pre-bipedal non-human primates only squirrel monkey can suffer severe dystocia and spontaneous pelvic organ prolapse. Better understanding of the evolutionary changes regarding the human pelvis and the pelvic floor could help us to better understand pelvic floor disorders and the interventions to avoid this highly prevalent ailment.

RESUMEN Introducción y objetivos: La fuga paravalvular (FPV) moderada o grave tras el implante percutáneo de válvula aórtica (TAVI) se ha asociado a peores resultados. La calcificación de la válvula aórtica constituye un importante factor predictivo de FPV. ACURATE neo (Boston Scientific Corporation, Estados Unidos) es una válvula cardiaca transcatéter autoexpandible para el tratamiento de la estenosis aórtica degenerativa. Se evaluó la presencia de FPV tras el implante de ACURATE neo y neo2, así como el papel de la calcificación de la válvula aórtica. Métodos: Se analizaron pacientes intervenidos de TAVI con ACURATE neo y neo2 de un hospital terciario de alto volumen. Todas las tomografías computarizadas cardiacas se analizaron con el software 3Mensio Structural Heart (Pie Medical Imaging, Países Bajos). El volumen de calcio aórtico se cuantificó mediante tomografía computarizada cardiaca con contraste. Se registró prospectivamente la evolución clínica y ecocardiográfica a 30 días. Resultados: Se incluyeron 165 pacientes intervenidos de TAVI con ACURATE (neo = 87; neo2 = 78). La mediana de edad fue de 82 años, el 65% eran mujeres y la mediana de EuroSCORE II fue de 4,7 [rango intercuartílico, 2,4-6,1]. Los pacientes del grupo con neo presentaban una mayor cantidad de calcio total aórtico (320 frente a 200 mm3; p = 0,0305). No se hallaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos en cuanto a los resultados clínicos tanto durante el ingreso como a los 30 días. A los 30 días, la tasa de FPV ≥ leve (61 frente a 34%; p < 0,001) y de FPV ≥ moderada (15,9 frente a 5,4%, p = 0,0365) fue más alta en el grupo con neo. Tras el emparejamiento por puntuación de propensión ajustado por la cantidad total de calcio aórtico, neo2 se relacionó con un menor riesgo de FPV ≥ leve (odds ratio [OR] = 0,35; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%], 0,18-0,69; p = 0,003) y de FPV ≥ moderada (OR = 0,16; IC95%, 0,03-0,74; p = 0,019). Conclusiones: El TAVI con ACURATE neo2, en comparación con neo, se asocia a un menor riesgo de cualquier grado de FPV y a un menor riesgo de FPV ≥ moderada. Tras el ajuste por volumen de calcio aórtico, ACURATE neo2 se asocia a un menor riesgo de FPV.

ABSTRACT Introduction and objectives: Moderate or severe paravalvular leak (PVL) following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been associated with worse outcomes. Aortic valve (AV) calcification is a strong predictor of PVL. ACURATE neo (Boston Scientific Corporation, United States) is a self-expanding transcatheter heart valve to treat degenerative aortic stenosis. We evaluated PVL after ACURATE neo and neo2 implantation, and the role of AV calcification. Methods: We analyzed patients referred for TAVI with ACURATE neo and neo2 from a large volume tertiary center. All cardiac computed tomography scans were analyzed using 3Mensio Structural Heart software (Pie Medical Imaging, The Netherlands). The volume of AV calcium was quantified using contrast-enhanced cardiac computed tomography series. The 30-day clinical and echocardiographic data were prospectively recorded. Results: We included 165 patients referred for TAVI with ACURATE (neo = 87; neo2 = 78). Median age was 82 years-old, 65% were women with a median EuroSCORE II of 4.7 [IQR, 2.4-6.1]. Patients in the neo group showed a larger amount of total AV calcium (320 mm3 vs 200 mm3; P = .0305). We found no significant inter-group differences regarding clinical outcomes both in-hospital or at 30-days. At 30-days, the rate of PVL ≥ mild (61% vs 34%; P < .001) and ≥ moderate (15.9% vs 5.4%; P = .0365) were higher in the neo group. After propensity score matching adjusted by the total amount of AV calcium, neo2 was associated with a lower risk of PVL ≥ mild (OR, 0.35, 95%CI, 0.18-0.69; P = .003), and ≥ moderate (OR, 0.16; 95%CI, 0.03-0.74; P = .019). Conclusions: TAVI with ACURATE neo2 vs neo is associated with a lower risk of any degree of PVL and a reduced risk of PVL ≥ moderate. After adjusting for AV calcium volume, ACURATE neo2 was still associated with a lower risk of PVL.

La alimentación representa un ámbito de la experiencia humana que históricamente ha desempeñado un papel trascendental en la conformación, el mantenimiento y la transformación de las fronteras culturales entre diversos grupos. Esta dimensión de la esfera alimentaria nos faculta para estudiar, a través del análisis arqueológico de sus restos materiales, el cambio social y cultural resultado de la interacción entre diferentes comunidades, dinámica que en sus rasgos más generales puede definir el periodo de emergencia de la entidad histórica que conocemos como al-Andalus. En este trabajo se presentan los fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos de una línea de investigación histórica que aspira a contribuir al estudio del temprano al-Andalus, atendiendo para ello a las implicaciones que el proceso de islamización social –un fenómeno central en su conformación– pudo traer aparejado sobre un campo de la acción humana tan profundamente social y cultural como es la alimentación. En concreto, la atención se centrará sobre algunas de las posibles repercusiones y manifestaciones materiales que el abandono de la cría y el consumo de porcino pudo comportar sobre dos planos diferentes: el de la economía doméstica de las poblaciones autóctonas y el de la identidad religiosa de esas mismas comunidades inferida a partir del examen de sus prácticas socioalimentarias. A fin de ilustrar el potencial analítico de este planteamiento de estudio, se presentan igualmente una serie de resultados derivados de su aplicación a partir del análisis zooarqueológico a fin de enfatizar la utilidad del examen de las formas de producción y consumo de los productos alimentarios de origen animal y su capacidad para generar conocimiento histórico de calidad sobre la formación de la sociedad andalusí.

The severity of various diseases is related to the concentration of interleukin 6 (IL-6), a proinflammatory cytokine crucial for the proliferation and differentiation of immunocompetent and hematopoietic cells. In ischemic cerebrovascular disease, it is known that, after traumatic injury, increased plasma levels of IL-6 are associated with neuronal inflammation and brain death. Research has shown that elevated plasma IL-6 levels within the first 12 h after an ischemic vascular event are strong predictors of early mortality. Therefore, developing a device that can detect the presence of IL-6 in a murine model of induced ischemic disease could be beneficial for monitoring the disease and selecting the appropriate treatment in the future. This study aimed to detect IL-6 using biosensors developed within optical fibers; the biosensors were assembled using a self-assembled monolayer technique. Subsequently, detection was carried out using samples from rats (Sprague Dawley strain) with an induced ischemic disease. Samples were left to interact with the sample for 2 h to characterize the changes in the sensor’s transmission response. Both the response of the biosensor to IL-6 and the self-assembly steps were characterized by transmission spectroscopy at wavelengths of 1250–1450 nm and micro-MIR spectroscopy. Spectral changes were observed at different stages of the assembly and detection processes. By performing a PCA on the experimental data, it was possible to observe the clustering of the different assembly stages and the final detection. This allowed for discrimination not only at the stage of the biosensor’s construction but also in its detection of IL-6.

En este trabajo estudio la transmisión textual de los Casos notables de la ciudad de Córdoba, Diálogo de Colodro y Escusado o Casos raros de Córdoba, títulos que recibe un diálogo barroco, escrito hacia 1618, y que se ha conservado en diversos manuscritos con importantes variantes de redacción.

Con la asimilación industrial de los servicios VBD (Vídeo Bajo Demanda) para la distribución y exhibición de largometrajes animados, las plataformas se han configurado como un nuevo medio de relación. La irrupción de estos servicios ha derivado en resultados cinematográficos que han asumido dos líneas determinantes: la representación de una cultura estimulada con identidades y rasgos antes diferenciados, y un carácter gráfico unificado frente a la variedad técnica que antes determinaba el estilo de cada producto. Así, este estudio expone cómo las obras cinematográficas de animación, por medio del flujo de las nuevas plataformas y de Disney+, han adaptado sus narrativas y su estructura visual para proporcionar un resultado que incorpora la globalización cultural y gráfica de la inmediatez digital.

Roads and highways are often managed by using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). However, these systems lack the level of detail that Building Information Modelling (BIM) can bring to an infrastructure management system. BMGIS integration allows the management of information from both infrastructure and environmental points of view. This provides an overview of the infrastructure, facilitating decision-making process throughout its complete life cycle. This article shows a semi-automated process to generate the hybrid BIM-GIS model of Madrid Calle30. The model together with an external database was uploaded to an intelligent management platform that allows visualising the available documentation, assisting management, and bringing the ring-road closer to a digital twin of the infrastructure.

Building Information Modelling (BIM) es una metodología de trabajo basada en la modelización 3D que ofrece a los profesionales involucrados en los proyectos la información y herramientas necesarias para planificar, diseñar, construir y gestionar edificios e infraestructuras. El objetivo principal de este proyecto es el empleo de la metodología BIM para llevar a cabo la modelización de una presa arco-gravedad, partiendo para ello de la superficie de la cuenca y la geometría de la presa en cuestión. Es importante destacar que, según la literatura científica consultada, se trata de una de las primeras experiencias BIM dedicadas a este ámbito de la ingeniería civil, las presas. Esto es todavía más relevante al haber tenido en cuenta su auscultación. En primer lugar, se procedió a modelizar el conjunto presa - terreno. Para ello, se comenzó llevando a cabo la excavación y cuantificación del volumen de tierras necesario para la cimentación de la presa mediante el software de Autodesk, Civil 3D. A continuación, se modeló en Revit la presa arco de considerables dimensiones. Tras representar cada uno de los bloques que conforman la presa, se definieron las galerías y el aliviadero, de labio fijo y perfil creager. Para la gestión de la presa, y de cara a la explotación, se distinguieron diferentes aparatos de auscultación. Mediante DYNAMO se parametrizaron dichos aparatos y se les asoció una serie de datos y resultados en una hoja de cálculo. De esta forma, se hace posible visualizar la evolución de las medidas tomadas a lo largo de su vida útil y en cada una de las horas fijadas, representando gráficamente los valores obtenidos. Finalmente se empleó la aplicación InfraWorks para poder integrar el terreno y la presa arco para la presentación de la solución final. Abstract Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a working methodology based on 3D modelling that provides professionals involved in projects with the information and tools necessary to plan, design, construct and manage buildings and infrastructures. The main objective of this project is the use of BIM methodology to carry out the modelling of an arch-gravity dam, starting from the surface of the basin and the geometry of the dam in question. It is important to highlight that, according to the scientific literature consulted, this is one of the first BIM experiences dedicated to this field of civil engineering, dams. This is even more relevant as its auscultation has been taken into account. First, the dam-terrain complex was modelled. To do this, we began by excavating and quantifying the volume of earth required for the dam foundations using Autodesk's Civil 3D software. Next, the arch dam of considerable dimensions was modelled in Revit. After representing each of the blocks that make up the dam, the galleries, and the spillway, with a fixed lip and creager profile, were defined. For the management of the dam, and with a view to its operation, different auscultation devices were distinguished. These devices were parameterised using DYNAMO and a series of data and results were associated with them in a spreadsheet. In this way, it is possible to visualise the evolution of the measurements taken throughout their useful life and at each of the set times, graphically representing the values obtained. Finally, the InfraWorks application was used to integrate the terrain and the arch dam for the presentation of the final solution.

En este trabajo estudio los elementos sobrenaturales que aparecen a lo largo de Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda, de Miguel de Cervantes, y la censura en la edición de Lisboa (1617) por parte de Tomás de São Domingos. El cotejo entre el tratamiento que hace Cervantes de lo sobrenatural y de las censuras practicadas en la edición lisboeta permitirá obtener conclusiones sobre cómo un lector de la época interpretaba el texto con base en una ideología específica.

BackgroundCoronary revascularization in patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is challenging. Indications and results of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in SCAD patients are not well established.AimTo assess indications and results of PCI in SCAD.MethodsThe minimum basic data set of the Spanish National Health System (years 2016−2019) was used to identify 804 episodes of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and SCAD, with a crude in-hospital mortality rate of 3%. Of these, 368 (46.8%) patients were revascularized with PCI during admission whereas 436 (54.2%) were managed conservatively.ResultsRevascularization and in-hospital mortality rates both declined over the study period (p for trend both < 0.05). SCAD patients treated with PCI were older, more frequently male, and had higher frequency of diabetes, ST-segment elevation AMI and cardiogenic shock, compared to patients managed conservatively. The crude in-hospital mortality rate was higher in patients treated with PCI (4.9% vs. 1.4%; p = 0.004). However, after adjusting by propensity score (223 pairs) the in-hospital mortality rate was similar in the two groups (Adj OR: 1.21; 95%CI: 0.30−1.57; p = 0.76). Readmissions at 30-days were higher in patients managed conservatively (7.1 vs. 1.6%, p < 0.001) and this difference was maintained after propensity score adjustment (Adj average treatment effect: 2% vs. 12.2%; OR: 0.15; 95%CI: 0.04−0.45; p < 0.001).ConclusionRevascularization is frequently used in unselected patients with AMI and SCAD but its use is declining. Patients with SCAD treated with PCI have a higher in-hospital mortality but this appears to be explained by their adverse baseline clinical characteristics.

In this article, some aspects related to the critical edition of La vida del pícaro are analyzed, with special attention to the comparison of the variants of the six preserved testimonies and to the authorship of the work, which for the moment remains anonymous. This work also tries to show the difficulty of this work to be edited, providing data on the testimonies that help establish a correct textual fixation.

Mujer de 42 años que ingresa por un síndrome coronario agudo con elevación del segmento ST. La coronariografía mostró oclusión de la descendente anterior (DA) medio-distal (figura 1A, asterisco), con una imagen sugestiva de hematoma intramural (HIM), compatible con disección coronaria espontánea (figura 1A, flecha). Se pasaron guías a la DA distal y diagonal, con recuperación de flujo (figura 1B, línea y puntas de flecha delimitan el HIM). La ecografía intravascular (IVUS) confirmó la presencia de un amplio HIM de 25 mm de longitud (figura 2A-D). Tras dilatar con balón de corte 2,0/6 mm (Wolverine, Boston Scientific, Estados Unidos) (figura 1C, asteriscos) se obtuvo mejoría del flujo y una estenosis residual leve (figura 1D). Pasados escasos minutos se evidenció retención de contraste en la DA (figura 3A, elipse) y aparecieron cambios isquémicos en el electrocardiograma. La angiografía mostró 2 zonas de estenosis crítica con empeoramiento del flujo distal (figura 3B, líneas delimitan el HIM, puntas de flecha muestran las zonas de estenosis). Se implantó un stent farmacoactivo de 2,25/33 mm (Ultimaster Tansei, Terumo, Japón) (figura 3C, asteriscos), que se dilató hasta 2,75 mm con excelente resultado por angiografía (figura 3D) e IVUS (figura 2E,F). El resumen del procedimiento se muestra...

We present the case of a 42-year-old woman admitted due to ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. The coronary angiography revealed the presence of an occluded mid-distal left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) (figure 1A, asterisk) with an image suggestive of intramural hematoma (IMH) consistent with spontaneous coronary artery dissection (figure 1A, arrow). Guidewires were passed through the distal and diagonal LAD that resulted in flow recovery (figure 1B, line and arrowheads outlining the IMH). The intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) confirmed the presence of a large 25 cm long IMH (figure 2A,D). After dilatation with a 2.0 mm/6 mm cutting balloon (Wolverine, Boston Scientific, United States) (figure 1C, asterisks) flow improved leaving a mild residual stenosis (figure 1D). After a few minutes the retention of contrast in the LAD was confirmed (figure 3A, ellipse) followed by ischemic changes on the electrocardiogram. The angiography revealed the presence of 2 regions of critical stenosis with aggravated distal flow abnormalities (figure 3B, lines outlining the IMH, arrowheads showing the stenotic regions). A 2.25 mm/33 mm drug-eluting stent was implanted (Ultimaster Tansei, Terumo, Japan) (figure 3C, asterisks) and later dilated up to 2.75 mm with excellent angiographic (figure 3D) and IVUS results (figure 2E,F). The entire...

La democratización tecnológica, los nuevos dispositivos y el paradigma digital han desbancado los medios de comunicación tradicionales para adaptarse a unas redes sociales donde todo individuo y su imagen se convierten en retratos de un «yo» publicitario. El presente estudio pretende arrojar luz sobre el proceso del retrato condicionado por este panorama en aquellos medios digitales que se apoderan de la imagen, como es el caso de Instagram, teniendo en cuenta la creación de uno de los fotógrafos con más proyección en el panorama actual. De este modo, se analizarán los retratos de Kito Muñoz, de su método y el de sus coetáneos, para cuestionar su proceso creativo, en tanto que su naturaleza puede ser más documental que publicitaria.

El consumo energético es uno de los principales componentes del gasto financiero en la provisión de los servicios del agua. Este deriva, en gran medida, del suministro tradicional a través de la compra de energía a las empresas suministradoras, lo que lleva asociada una determinada contaminación. Esto justifica una persecución constante del desarrollo de fuentes alternativas de energía con un menor impacto ambiental y, si es posible, con un menor coste financiero. Afortunadamente, en los últimos años se han dado constantes mejoras en la tecnología de las placas solares, por lo que su viabilidad ya no depende exclusivamente de sus beneficios ambientales o de subvenciones públicas, sino, que es una alternativa que puede ser viable económicamente en determinados casos. En concreto, en algunas regiones con una elevada escasez de recursos hídricos existe un importante desarrollo de las fuentes no convencionales, las cuales consumen una cantidad importante de energía, por lo que este trabajo estudia la posibilidad de sustituir parte de esa energía por autoconsumo a partir de placas solares fotovoltaicas. En términos generales, esta posibilidad se muestra viable desde el punto de vista financiero cuando el consumo energético es reducido, pues el ahorro que surge del autoconsumo año tras año permite compensar la importante inversión inicial que debe realizarse. No obstante, los menores precios unitarios cuando el consumo es elevado dificultan que las instalaciones de placas solares de elevado tamaño sean rentables en términos financieros.

Background COVID‐19 is an infectious illness, featured by an increased risk of thromboembolism. However, no standard antithrombotic therapy is currently recommended for patients hospitalized with COVID‐19. The aim of this study was to evaluate safety and efficacy of additional therapy with aspirin over prophylactic anticoagulation (PAC) in patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 and its impact on survival. Methods and Results A total of 8168 patients hospitalized for COVID‐19 were enrolled in a multicenter‐international prospective registry (HOPE COVID‐19). Clinical data and in‐hospital complications, including mortality, were recorded. Study population included patients treated with PAC or with PAC and aspirin. A comparison of clinical outcomes between patients treated with PAC versus PAC and aspirin was performed using an adjusted analysis with propensity score matching. Of 7824 patients with complete data, 360 (4.6%) received PAC and aspirin and 2949 (37.6%) PAC. Propensity‐score matching yielded 298 patients from each group. In the propensity score‐matched population, cumulative incidence of in‐hospital mortality was lower in patients treated with PAC and aspirin versus PAC (15% versus 21%, Log Rank P=0.01). At multivariable analysis in propensity matched population of patients with COVID‐19, including age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, kidney failure, and invasive ventilation, aspirin treatment was associated with lower risk of in‐hospital mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.62; [95% CI 0.42–0.92], P=0.018). Conclusions Combination PAC and aspirin was associated with lower mortality risk among patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 in a propensity score matched population compared to PAC alone.

This article expounds on the problem of the use of de-icing salts in the corrosion of steel rebars in bridge decks and their effect on post-tensioning elements. In particular, this paper focuses this problem on structures affected by an aggregate–alkali reaction and without any waterproof treatment using the example of one structure whose repair was carried out in 2020. In this structure, the internal stresses due to the aggregate–alkali reaction caused longitudinal cracks in the upper face of the deck, through which the penetration of chloride ions was concentrated, causing, finally, the brittle fracture of the steel bars and the corrosion of the prestressing elements. This article also explains some conclusions about the most probable mechanisms that resulted in the brittle fracture of the steel bars due to the extraordinary and unexpected nature of this phenomenon.

Artificial Intelligence has become nowadays one of the main relevant technologies that is driven us to a new revolution, a change in society, just as well as other human inventions, such as navigation, steam machines, or electricity did in our past. There are several ways in which AI might be developed, and the European Union has chosen a path, a way to transit through this revolution, in which Artificial Intelligence will be a tool at the service of Humanity. That was precisely the motto of the 2020 European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (“Paving the way towards Human-Centric AI”), of which these special issue is a selection of the best papers selected by the organizers of some of the Workshops in ECAI 2020.

RESUMEN Introducción y objetivos: La disección coronaria espontánea (DCE) constituye una causa infrecuente, pero cada vez más reconocida, de síndrome coronario agudo. La actitud diagnóstico-terapéutica idónea sigue sin esclarecerse. Métodos: Análisis del seguimiento prospectivo y centralizado de una serie de pacientes consecutivos diagnosticados de DCE desde enero de 2010 hasta diciembre de 2018. Se definió evento cardiovascular adverso mayor como la aparición de muerte de cualquier causa, reinfarto no mortal, revascularización no planificada, arritmia ventricular, insuficiencia cardiaca o ictus. Resultados: Se incluyó a 33 pacientes con DCE (41 lesiones). En el 42% se realizó un estudio con imagen intracoronaria para confirmar el diagnóstico, sin identificar trombo en la luz verdadera en ninguno de ellos. En la mayoría de los casos (82%) se eligió un tratamiento médico conservador. Ningún paciente falleció durante el ingreso, pero el 15% presentó algún evento mayor. En el momento agudo se realizó tomografía computarizada coronaria al 58% de los pacientes y se identificó la DCE en el 79% de los casos. La mayoría de los pacientes con tratamiento conservador recibieron antiagregación simple un tiempo limitado (17 meses [9-35]). Con una mediana de seguimiento de 33 meses [13-49], el 82% no sufrió ningún evento adverso. Al 48% se les realizó control angiográfico a los 6 meses, que mostró resolución en el 86% de los casos. El cribado de anomalías vasculares extracoronarias se realizó en el 97% de los pacientes y se hallaron alteraciones en el 59%, incluyendo 3 pacientes con aneurisma intracraneal. Conclusiones: En esta serie, con una amplia utilización de imagen intracoronaria, no se ha identificado trombo en la luz verdadera en ningún caso de DCE. En los pacientes tratados de forma conservadora, la monoterapia antiagregante es segura y se asocia a buenos resultados clínicos. La tomografía computarizada coronaria durante el ingreso es útil en el seguimiento. El cribado sistemático de anomalías vasculares extracoronarias revela una alta prevalencia de alteraciones.

ABSTRACT Introduction and objectives: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare but increasingly recognized cause for acute coronary syndrome. The optimal management and treatment of SCAD is still unknown. Methods: Data analysis of a prospective protocol including centralized care management of a consecutive series of patients with SCAD diagnosed between January 2010 and December 2018. Major adverse cardiovascular events included all-cause mortality, new myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, ventricular arrhythmia, heart failure or stroke. Results: A total of 33 consecutive patients were included (41 lesions). Intravascular imaging modalities were used to confirm the diagnosis in 42% patients. None of the patient showed images of thrombus formation in the true lumen. Conservative treatment was the initial approach in most of the cases (82%). No deaths were reported during the index admission, but 15% experienced major adverse cardiovascular events. The coronary computed tomography angiography performed in 58% of patients during the admission identified SCADs in 79% of the patients. Most of the patients managed with conservative treatment received only 1 antiplatelet agent for a limited period of time (17 months [9-35]). During a median clinical follow-up of 33 months [13-49], 82% of patients did not have any adverse events. The angiographic surveillance obtained in 48% of patients at the 6-month follow-up confirmed the complete healing of the SCAD image in 86% of the patients. The screening for extracoronary vascular findings (97% of patients) resulted in a high prevalence of abnormalities (59%). Conclusions: The unrestricted use of intravascular imaging modalities showed no thrombus in the true lumen of patients with SCAD. In patients managed with conservative treatment, a limited course of antiplatelet monotherapy is safe and provides good clinical outcomes. Performing a coronary computed tomography angiography in the acute phase of SCAD is useful at the follow-up. The screening for extracoronary vascular findings confirmed a high prevalence of abnormalities.

The morphological analysis of dendritic spines is an important challenge for the neuroscientific community. Most state-of-the-art techniques rely on user-supervised algorithms to segment the spine surface, especially those designed for light microscopy images. Therefore, processing large dendritic branches is costly and time-consuming. Although deep learning (DL) models have become one of the most commonly used tools in image segmentation, they have not yet been successfully applied to this problem. In this article, we study the feasibility of using DL models to automatize spine segmentation from confocal microscopy images. Supervised learning is the most frequently used method for training DL models. This approach requires large data sets of high-quality segmented images (ground truth). As mentioned above, the segmentation of microscopy images is time-consuming and, therefore, in most cases, neuroanatomists only reconstruct relevant branches of the stack. Additionally, some parts of the dendritic shaft and spines are not segmented due to dyeing problems. In the context of this research, we tested the most successful architectures in the DL biomedical segmentation field. To build the ground truth, we used a large and high-quality data set, according to standards in the field. Nevertheless, this data set is not sufficient to train convolutional neural networks for accurate reconstructions. Therefore, we implemented an automatic preprocessing step and several training strategies to deal with the problems mentioned above. As shown by our results, our system produces a high-quality segmentation in most cases. Finally, we integrated several postprocessing user-supervised algorithms in a graphical user interface application to correct any possible artifacts.

El contexto cultural de la Movida madrileña ha cambiado para dejar de lado los espacios comunes construidos mediante la colectividad, y desembocar en un paisaje individualista y adolescente que desdeña la adquisición de la responsabilidad adulta. En este nuevo panorama, la llamada Nueva Movida ha desarrollado una fotografía de corte juvenil e intimista en la que el sujeto se ha convertido también en el creador de su propio género y sexualidad. Sin embargo, ambas generaciones se dan en el contexto urbano de la ciudad de Madrid; un espacio que ha cambiado de forma de mirar y de ser mirado para denotar un lugar que funcione, ya no para la colectividad de los años ochenta, sino para el ser único e individualizado que se reivindica a sí mismo. El presente estudio pretende arrojar luz sobre el uso que conlleva el tratamiento de Madrid en la fotografía practicada por una generación que ha sido etiquetada como heredera de la que reivindicó las calles de la ciudad para representarse.

Paint technology, namely paint preparation and application procedures, is an important aspect of painting traditions. With the expansion of archaeometric studies and in situ non-destructive analytical methods, a renewal of technological studies is being observed in rock art. In situ analyses have several limitations that are widely discussed in the literature, however. It is not yet clear whether they provide accurate information on paint technology, except under certain conditions. Here, we evaluated digital microscopic and pXRF in situ analyses for the characterisation of a large set of red and yellow paintings from the El Castillo cave, Cantabria, Spain. We have set experiments and used statistical methods to identify differences between paint components and determine factors impacting pXRF measurements. We found that the compositional heterogeneity of the paintings’ environment, especially variations in secondary deposits, was responsible for most of the differences observed between the pXRF signals recorded on the paintings. We concluded that the El Castillo cave environment is not suitable for non-destructive technological studies, but that more favourable contexts might exist. Following previous works and our own results, we advocate a combination of both in situ and laboratory invasive analyses for the study of paint composition and paint technology. Our research protocol, based on the comparison of rock paintings, their substrate, experimental paintings and Fe-normalisation of the signals can improve the reliability of pXRF results. We also propose to include more systematic characterisation of rock wall heterogeneity and the use of microscopic analyses in non-destructive approaches.

Desde que Claudio Guillén propuso el silencio como elemento constructivo del Lazarillo, el tema rara vez se ha recuperado, por lo que es necesario un estudio centrado en cómo la trama de la obra se orquesta en torno a lo que no se dice. Este artículo tiene por objetivo estudiar tres tipos de silencios: las alusiones, las elusiones y las ilusiones que se van encontrando a lo largo de la obra y que juegan un papel fundamental en su interpretación. Since Claudio Guillén proposed silence as a constructive element of Lazarillo, the subject has rarely recovered, so a study focused on how the plot of the work is orchestrated around what is not said is necessary. This article aims to study three types of silences: allusions, elusions and illusions that are found throughout the work and that play a fundamental role in its interpretation.

Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) have been shown to serve as an efficient therapeutic strategy in different cell therapy approaches, including spinal cord injury treatment. Despite the reported beneficial effects of NPC transplantation, the low survival and differentiation rates constrain important limitations. Herein, a new methodology has been developed to overcome both limitations by applying a combination of wireless electrical and magnetic stimulation to NPCs seeded on aligned poly(lactic acid) nanofibrous scaffolds for in vitro cell conditioning prior transplantation. Two stimulation patterns were tested and compared, continuous (long stimulus applied once a day) and intermittent (short stimulus applied three times a day). The results show that applied continuous stimulation promotes NPC proliferation and preferential differentiation into oligodendrocytic and neuronal lineages. A neural-like phenotypic induction was observed when compared to unstimulated NPCs. In contrast, intermittent stimulation patterns did not affect NPC proliferation and differentiation to oligodendrocytes or astrocytes morphology with a detrimental effect on neuronal differentiation. This study provides a new approach of using a combination of electric and magnetic stimulation to induce proliferation and further neuronal differentiation, which would improve therapy outcomes in disorders such as spinal cord injury.

La incorporación de la metodología BIM (Building Information Modeling) al sistema de construcción es una consecuencia de las nuevas posibilidades y ventajas que ofrece la aparición de nuevas tecnologías. BIM permite la reducción de errores de diseño, incompatibilidades, desbordamientos y aumenta el valor del proyecto. Su uso en proyectos de construcción de edificios ya es muy común y también se espera que sea obligatorio en todos los proyectos promovidos por las administraciones públicas en España para 2019. Sin embargo, la situación en el campo de la ingeniería civil aún conlleva importantes incertidumbres. Por lo tanto, el nivel de implementación de esta tecnología en proyectos de infraestructura es limitado. Sin embargo, BIM también será obligatorio en España en este tipo de proyectos para julio de 2019. El objetivo de este estudio fue abordar la implementación de BIM en el diseño de carreteras y puentes para resaltar los problemas que deben enfrentarse con la tecnología existente. En particular, abarcó el modelado de un proyecto de puente de arco existente en Logroño, incluido el modelado de la topografía y las carreteras de acceso, el puente de arco, un puente de vigas, así como la creación de un modelo general que permitió realizar detecciones de choque y cuantificaciones. Además, el software que se ha utilizado comprende Google Drive®, Autodesk Revit®, Autodesk Civil 3D®, Autodesk Navisworks® y Autodesk Infraworks®. La importancia de esta investigación radica en la evaluación de las posibilidades de BIM en proyectos de ingeniería civil. Este estudio encontró que el estado actual de la técnica presenta dificultades ya que el software aún no está adaptado a este campo. Por ejemplo, uno de los software BIM más utilizados, Autodesk Revit®, aún carece de utilidades específicas relacionadas con la ingeniería civil. Es decir, las herramientas o kits de herramientas para el diseño de puentes, la posibilidad de introducir niveles inclinados o las dificultades para modelar formas complejas ampliarían notablemente la aplicabilidad del software BIM existente a proyectos de ingeniería civil. Abstract The incorporation of Building Information Modelling (BIM) methodology to the construction system is a consequence of the new possibilities and advantages that the emergence of new technologies offers. BIM allows the reduction of design errors, incompatibilities, overruns, and increases the value of the project. Its use in building construction projects is already very common and it is also expected to be mandatory in all the projects promoted by the public administrations in Spain by 2019. However, the situation in the field of civil engineering still entails significant uncertainties. Thus, the level of implementation of this technology in infrastructure projects is limited. Nevertheless, BIM will also be compulsory in Spain on this type of projects by July 2019. The aim of this study was to address the implementation of BIM in road and bridge design in order to highlight the problems that need to be faced with the existing technology. In particular, it encompassed the modelling of an existing arch bridge project in Logroño, including the modelling of the topography and the access roads, the arch bridge, a beam bridge, as well as the creation of an overall model which allowed to perform clash detections and quantifications. Moreover, the software that has been used comprises Google Drive ®, Autodesk Revit ®, AutodeskCivil 3D ®, Autodesk Navisworks ®, and Autodesk Infraworks ®. The significance of this research lies in the assessment of BIM possibilities in civil engineering projects. This study found that the state of the art nowadays presents difficulties as the software is not adapted yet to this field. For instance, one of the most used BIM software, Autodesk Revit ®, still lacks specific utilities related to civil engineering. That is to say, tools or toolkits for bridge design, the possibility of introducing inclined levels or the difficulties in modelling complex shapes would remarkably expand the applicability of the existing BIM software to civil engineering projects.

Today's society has suffered, in the last two decades, a real revolution in the way of communicating and relating through new technologies. If there is a sector of the population in which the use of new technologies has penetrated with special depth, this is that of young people. The mobile phone has become for them an essential tool, almost an extension of themselves, through which they are permanently in touch, exchange messages, share photos and videos and relate to each other through social networks. The main objective of this research was to find out the perception of a group of young people who have participated in a free-time socio-educational activity, - summer camp - by limiting the use of mobile telephony during a pre-established time interval. The chosen method has been analytical-descriptive of transversal character. The sample of the study is composed of 38 young people, out of a total of 50, in the framework of a summer camp lasting fifteen days. The range age of the participants is between 8 and 16 years. The data was collected by an ad-hoc instrument structured in two blocks: sociodemographic- mobile phone uses. Regarding the measurement techniques used, they were quantitative, focusing on the study of means, frequencies and standard deviations of the data obtained. Among the most outstanding results there is a low perception of risk regarding potential conflicts arising from the use of mobile phones. The answers found have allowed us to consider that more actions and recommendations are necessary to provide all children and young people with affordable access to new technologies.

Se presentan los resultados del estudio arqueozoológico del material recuperado de una unidad de poblamiento localizada en la Zona Arqueológica de Cercadilla, en el sector periurbano de madīnat Qurṭuba, frecuentada durante el s. XII. Los datos que se analizan se derivan, de un lado, de un conjunto faunístico identificado como residuos de alimentación y, de otro lado, de una valva derecha perforada de vieira procedente de un nivel de frecuentación. La elevada frecuencia de restos de porcino refleja un comportamiento alimentario que transgrede la principal norma dietética de la ortopraxis islámica; mientras que la valva fue identificada como una concha de peregrino vinculada al universo simbólico del mundo cristiano medieval. Tomados conjuntamente, y en coherencia con la historia ocupacional de Cercadilla, ambos resultados permiten sugerir la adscripción sociocultural o etnorreligiosa cristiana de al menos una parte del grupo que residió en este espacio, enriqueciendo y complejizando nuestra concepción del panorama social tardoandalusí.

Background: Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD) is an important cause of acute coronary syndromes, particularly in young to middle-aged women. Differentiating acute SCAD from coronary atherothrombosis remains a major clinical challenge. Methods: A case-control study was used to explore the usefulness of circulating miRNAs to discriminate both clinical entities. The profile of miRNAs was evaluated using an unbiased human RT-PCR platform and confirmed using individual primers. miRNAs were evaluated in plasma samples from acute SCAD and atherothrombotic acute myocardial infarction (AT-AMI) from two independent cohorts; discovery cohort (SCAD n = 15, AT-AMI n = 15), and validation cohort (SCAD n = 11, AT-AMI n = 41) with 9 healthy control subjects. Plasma levels of IL-8, TGFB1, TGBR1, Endothelin-1 and MMP2 were analysed by ELISA assays. Findings: From 15 differentially expressed miRNAs detected in cohort 1, we confirmed in cohort 2 the differential expression of 4 miRNAs: miR-let-7f-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-151a-3p and miR-223-5p, whose expression was higher in SCAD compared to AT-AMI. The combined expression of these 4 miRNAs showed the best predictive value to distinguish between both entities (AUC: 0.879, 95% CI 0.72–1.0) compared to individual miRNAs. Functional profiling of target genes identified an association with blood vessel biology, TGF-beta pathway and cytoskeletal traction force. ELISA assays showed high plasma levels of IL-8, TGFB1, TGFBR1, Endothelin-1 and MMP2 in SCAD patients compared to AT-AMI. Interpretation: We present a novel signature of plasma miRNAs in patients with SCAD. miR-let-7f-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-151a-3p and miR-223-5p discriminate SCAD from AT-AMI patients and also shed light on the pathological mechanisms underlying this condition. Funding: Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO): Plan Nacional de Salud SAF2017-82886-R, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV). Fundación BBVA a equipos de Investigación Científica 2018 and from Caixa Banking Foundation under the project code HR17-00016 to F.S.M. Instituto de Salud Carlos III (AES 2019): PI19/00565 to F.R, PI19/00545 to P.M. CAM (S2017/BMD-3671-INFLAMUNE-CM) from Comunidad de Madrid to FSM and PM. The UK SCAD study was supported by BeatSCAD, the British Heart Foundation (BHF) PG/13/96/30608 the NIHR rare disease translational collaboration and the Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre.

En este artículo realizo un breve estudio y edición de La vida del pícaro. Primera parte de Félix Persio, Bertiso (Madrid, María de Quiñones, 1650), que hasta ahora permanecía inédita y desaparecida. Añado un aparato de notas con el que trato de explicar las estrofas y los términos más difíciles de comprender.

Purpose: Many articles have been published regarding chest-imaging in COVID-19, but fewer studies have been published in pediatric populations. COVID-19 symptoms in children are generally milder and radiological tests have fewer positive findings. Indications for chest imaging in pediatric COVID-19 patients remain unclear. This study aims to describe the chest radiographs performed in COVID-19 patients in a pediatric hospital, to review the current chest X-ray indications and to develop an specific age-adjusted protocol for chest-imaging in children with COVID-19. Methods: Retrospective study in hospitalized pediatric COVID-19 patients in Navarre, Spain. Between March and December 2020, 44 children were included (mean age 3.8-year-old, 50 % males). Demographic information, cause of admission, symptoms, and clinical evolution were described. Chest imaging technique performed, indications and findings were analyzed. A literature review was performed searching for current COVID-19 pediatric chest-imaging indications. Results: Chest X-rays were performed in 35 patients (80 % of admissions) and most common indications were fever and respiratory symptoms. 53 % of the chest X-rays were considered “normal” and the classical bilateral diffuse interstitial pattern, described in adults, was only present in 22 %. All patients with pathological chest X-rays were symptomatic and reported fever (100 %) and fever tended to be longer (fever duration: 4.25 vs. 2.46 days p:0.048) in patients with pathological radiographs. We present a specific protocol for chest-imaging in pediatric COVID-19 cases. Conclusions: COVID-19 clinical manifestations and radiological findings are milder and less specific in children. Imaging should not be used as a screening tool or a routine complementary test in pediatric COVID-19 patients, not even in hospitalized cases.

Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that consists of the application of various algorithms to obtain information from large data sets. These algorithms are especially useful to solve nonlinear problems that appear frequently in some engineering fields. Geotechnical engineering presents situations with complex relationships of multiple variables, making it an ideal field for the application of machine learning techniques. Thus, these techniques have already been applied with a certain degree of success to determine such things as soil parameters, admissible load, settlement, or slope stability. Moreover, dynamic penetrometers are a very common type of test in geotechnical studies, and, in many cases, they are used to design the foundation solution. In addition, its continuous nature allows us to know the variations of the terrain profile. The objective of this study was to correlate the drilling parameters of deep foundation machinery (Measurement-While-Drilling, MWD) with the number of blows of the dynamic penetrometer test. Therefore, the drilling logs could be equated with said tests, providing information that can be easily interpreted by a geotechnical engineer and that would allow the validation of the design hypotheses. Decision trees and random forest algorithms have been used for this purpose. The ability of these algorithms to replicate the complex relationships between drilling parameters and terrain characteristics has allowed obtaining a reliable reproduction of the penetrometric profile of the traversed soil.

Este trabajo pretende estudiar el episodio de Raquel y Vidas, referido en ocasiones como el episodio de las arcas de arena, en el Poema de Mio Cid. Más concretamente, a través de un repaso por la bibliografía que ha ido suscitando el tema, este artículo intentará plantear algunos de los problemas básicos de este pasaje, que se podrían resumir en tres grandes epígrafes: judaísmo, humor y engaño, todos ellos en torno a la delicada cuestión del antisemitismo. De este modo, estudiando las diferentes perspectivas y siempre con el texto como base, se podrán postular ciertas soluciones que traten de explicar la coherencia del episodio en la obra en la que se inscribe.

Dysnatremia is associated with increased mortality in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. SARS-COV2 (Severe-acute-respiratory syndrome caused by Coronavirus-type 2) pneumonia can be fatal. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether admittance dysnatremia is associated with mortality, sepsis, or intensive therapy (IT) in patients hospitalized with SARS-COV2 pneumonia. This is a retrospective study of the HOPE-COVID-19 registry, with data collected from January 1th through April 31th, 2020. We selected all hospitalized adult patients with RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-COV2 pneumonia and a registered admission serum sodium level (SNa). Patients were classified as hyponatremic (SNa 145 mmol/L). Multivariable analyses were performed to elucidate independent relationships of admission hyponatremia and hypernatremia, with mortality, sepsis, or IT during hospitalization. Four thousand six hundred sixty-four patients were analyzed, median age 66 (52–77), 58% males. Death occurred in 988 (21.2%) patients, sepsis was diagnosed in 551 (12%) and IT in 838 (18.4%). Hyponatremia was present in 957/4,664 (20.5%) patients, and hypernatremia in 174/4,664 (3.7%). Both hyponatremia and hypernatremia were associated with mortality and sepsis. Only hyponatremia was associated with IT. In conclusion, hyponatremia and hypernatremia at admission are factors independently associated with mortality and sepsis in patients hospitalized with SARS-COV2 pneumonia.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04334291, NCT04334291.

Background: Non-febrile illness seizures may present in previously healthy children as afebrile seizures associated with minor infections, such as mild gastroenteritis or respiratory tract infections, and are linked to a genetic predisposition. For the novel human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19, fever, cough, and gastrointestinal complaints are the most common symptoms in children, and a hyperimmune response may be present. No detailed temporally associated neurological complications have been documented in pediatric case series so far.Case description: We present the case of a 3-months-old girl with non-febrile repeated seizures in a COVID-19 family setting. The infant started with a mild fever and cough that lasted for 2 days. At day 6 from onset, the girl presented with two focal motor seizures with impaired consciousness and awareness. All investigations ruled out signs of meningo-encephalitis or active epilepsy, including normal electroencephalogram and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging. PCR from nasal and throat swabs was positive for SARS-CoV-2. Remarkably, blood ferritin and D-dimer levels were increased. At day 9, the infant presented another afebrile motor seizure, and levetiracetam dose was modified there was a favorable response within 3 months of the follow-up. Much interest has been raised with regards to host genetic determinants to disease severity and susceptibility to COVID-19. We thus performed whole exome sequencing, revealing a pathogenic frameshift mutation in the PRRT2 gene in both the mother and the infant. The mother had presented two late infantile febrile convulsions with normal outcome afterwards.Discussion: The hyperimmune response described in adult cases with COVID-19 can be seen in infants, even in the absence of respiratory symptoms. Moreover, COVID-19 may present in infants as non-febrile seizures, triggering early onset seizures in infants with a genetic predisposition. In this pandemic situation, precision medicine using massive sequencing can shed light on underlying molecular mechanisms driving the host response to COVID-19.

En este artículo realizo un repaso por la breve bibliografía que existe sobre la autoría de La vida del pícaro, publicada en Valencia en 1601. Una vez recopilados los argumentos, los pondré en contraste entre sí para lograr descartar aquellos con menor fuerza y llegar a una conclusión final sobre la autoría de esta obra. El objetivo de este artículo, por lo tanto, no es el de determinar con absoluta certeza el nombre del autor de la obra, sino que pretende señalar a un autor como el más probable, así como establecer consenso entre los argumentos de los pocos críticos que se han dedicado a la autoría de este texto.

This paper has arisen from a reflection of the current reality in terms of the postulations about what is known as the Malthusian economy. Since the Industrial Revolution to the present day, despite there having been a high increase in world population, technology has played a fundamental role in the increase in the level of wealth per capita. However, the continued growth of the population and the future forecasts indicate that technology with have the responsibility of continually being the key piece of economic growth. This paper seeks to analyse the future scenarios in order to better understand the conditioning factors of the sustainability of our population growth. If technology were not able to maintain production growth rates higher than the population growth rates, we would return to the scenario described by Malthus.

Background Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death. Almost half of the patients present recurrence within 5 years after the treatment of the primary tumor, the majority, with metastasis. On the other hand, in the search for new animal models that simulate metastatic cancer, it has been suggested that fibroblasts immersed in the peritumoral stroma (cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs)), play a relevant role in the development of cancer. The objective of this study was to identify an adequate animal model to study metastatic colon cancer and the application of new treatments. Methods Human CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NF) for transplant and culture were obtained from surgical fresh samples of patients with adenocarcinoma of sigmoid colon. Stromal cell purity was evaluated by morphology and immunostaining with vimentin (VIM) as a fibroblast marker and anti-proColXIα1 as a specific human CAF marker. Phenotypic characterization of cultured stromal cells was performed by co-staining with mesenchymal and epithelial cell markers. For identification in mice, human CAFs were labeled with the PKH26 red fluorescence dye. Cell line HT-29 was used as tumor cells. Transplant in the head of the pancreas of 34 SCID mice was performed in four different groups, as follows: I. 150,000 CAFS (n = 12), IIa. 1.5 million HT29 cells (n = 7), IIb. 150,000 NF+1.5 million HT29 cells (n = 5), III. 150,000 CAFS+1.5 million HT29 cells (n = 10). After euthanasia performed one month later, histological analysis was made using hematoxylin–eosin and anti-proColXIα1. A histopathological score system based on three features (tumor volume, desmoplasia and number of metastasized organs) was established to compare the tumor severity. Results The CAFs and NF cultured were proColXIα1+/VIM+, proColXIα1/alphaSMA+ and proColXIα1+/CK19+ in different proportions without differences among them, but the CAFs growth curve was significantly larger than that of the NF (p < 0.05). No tumor developed in those animals that only received CAFs. When comparing group II (a + b) vs. group III, both groups showed 100% hepatic metastases. Median hepatic nodules, tumor burden, lung metastases and severity score were bigger in group III vs group II (a + b), although without being significant, except in the case of the median tumor volume, that was significantly higher in group III (154.8 (76.9–563.2) mm3) vs group II (46.7 (3.7–239.6) mm3), p = 0.04. A correlation was observed between the size of the tumor developed in the pancreas and the metastatic tumor burden in the liver and with the severity score. Conclusion Our experiments demonstrate that cultured CAFs have a higher growth than NF and that when human CAFs are associated to human tumor cells, larger tumors with liver and lung metastases are generated than if only colon cancer cells with/without NF are transplanted. This emphasizes the importance of the tumor stroma, and especially the CAFs, in the development of cancer.

Outstanding properties and advanced functionalities of thermal–regulatory by origami-based architecture materials have been shown at various scales. However, in order to model and manage its programmable mechanical properties by Building Information Modelling (BIM) for use in a covering structure is not a simple task. The aim of this study was to model an element that forms a dynamic shell that prevents or allows the perpendicular incidence of the sun into the infrastructure. Parametric modelling of such complex structures was performed by Grasshopper and Rhinoceros 3D and were rendered by using the V-ray’s plugin. The elements followed the principles of origami to readjust its geometry considering the sun position, changing the shadow in real time depending on the momentary interest. The results of the project show that quadrangular was the most suitable Origami shape for façade elements. In addition, a BIM-based automated system capable of modifying façade elements considering the sun position was performed. The significance of this research relies on the first implementation and design of an Origami constructive element using BIM methodology, showing its viability and opening outstanding future research lines in terms of sustainability and energy efficiency.

La mejora de la convivencia escolar preocupa mucho a las comunidades educativas, siendo una de sus prioridades. El objetivo de este trabajo es doble: por un lado, profundizar en la realidad de los docentes respecto a los problemas que afrontan en las aulas; por otro, analizar en qué medida la axiología forma parte de la realidad de los docentes como método para optimizar el clima de convivencia en el aula. La metodología de estudio elegida ha sido analítico-descriptiva de carácter transversal y las técnicas de medición utilizadas de corte cuantitativo. La muestra la componen 282 docentes de los Institutos de Educación Secundaria de la Comunidad Valenciana. Entre los resultados más importantes destacamos que la mayoría de los docentes están de acuerdo en la importancia que tienen la educación y la formación permanente en valores para transmitirla a sus alumnos y mejorar el clima en el aula.

We present in this work the integral study of the portable art of Fariseu (Côa Valley). Eighty-five engraved pieces and four painted ones form the studied collection. The chronological attribution to the Late Dryas/ beginning of the Pre-boreal is perfectly assured by the stratigraphic origin of the pieces. The technical and stylistic attributes of the figures are similar to some of the rock art of the Côa valley, making the collection an important chronological referent to a vast number of engraved and painted panels of the region. Those technical and stylistic attributes are also similar to others from Southwest Europe that are dated from the end of the Late glacial period, which denotes the affiliation of this rock art facies in a graphic tradition of a broader geographic range.

Los avances tecnológicos están permitiendo descubrimientos de cavidades con arte rupestre y de grafías en cuevas ya estudiadas. En este marco se produjo el descubrimiento de una nueva galería en la cueva de Ekain, un conducto de reducidas dimensiones denominado La Fontana. En ambas paredes se documentan caballos y trazos simples ejecutados en trazo digital sobre arcilla. Este descubrimiento motivó el reestudio de figuras ejecutadas con la misma técnica en la galería de Azkenzaldei, donde se localizó un nuevo conjunto de representaciones. En cuanto a la cronología, la imposibilidad de datar directamente las representaciones llevó a aplicar el análisis estilístico. La comparación con figuras de la misma cavidad apunta a que se tratan de grabados ejecutados en fases avanzadas del Magdaleniense.