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Introduction Finding solutions to mitigate the impact of pollution on living systems is a matter of great interest. Homeopathic preparations of toxic substances have been described in the literature as attenuation factors for intoxication. Herein, an experimental study using Artemia salina and mercury chloride was developed as a model to identify aspects related to bioresilience. Aims The aim of the study was to describe the effects of homeopathic Mercurius corrosivus (MC) on Artemia salina cysts hatching and on mercury bioavailability. Methods Artemia salina cysts were exposed to 5.0 µg/mL of mercury chloride during the hatching phase. MC potencies (6cH, 30cH, and 200cH) were prepared in sterile purified water and poured into artificial sea water. Different controls were used (non-challenged cysts and challenged cysts treated with water, succussed water, and Ethilicum 1cH). Four series of nine experiments were performed to evaluate the percentage of cyst hatching. Soluble total mercury (THg) levels and precipitated mercury content were also evaluated. Solvatochromic dyes were used to check for eventual physicochemical markers of MC biological activity. Results Significant delay (p Conclusion Changes in hatching rate and possible changes in Hg bioavailability are postulated as protective effects of MC 30cH on Artemia salina, by improving its natural bioresilience processes.

The concentrations of Platinum (Pt), Rhodium (Rh) and Palladium (Pd) were evaluated from a highly impacted estuary in Brazil influenced by industrial pole, highway traffic and sewage outfall. The Santos-Sao Vicente region presents important economic activities derived from a largest harbor of Latin America and an industrial pole surrounded by intensive highway traffic. Values of Rh varied from 0.08 to 1.7 ng g−1 with highest values at stations impacted by domestic waste. Pt ranged from 0.15 to 40.3 ng g−1 with highest concentrations located close to the ferryboat traffic. Pd levels varied from 1.05 to 22.0 ng g−1 with values >5 ng g−1 in 50% of the stations. The spatial distribution of PGEs was not always directly associated with muddy sediments, because high PGE levels found even in sandy sediments. Pollution indexes, including anthropogenic factor (AF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), Enrichment factor (EF), and Pollution Load Index (PLI) were used for evaluating contaminant potential. Based on EF, Igeo, and PLI, 50% of samples of the sediments from Santos-Sao Vicente Estuarine System (SSV) were classified with significant to strong PGE contamination. All stations on the Santos Channel (SC), Sao Vicente Channel (SVC) and Bertioga Channel (BC) had AF higher than 80% in at least one of PGE elements, as showed in station 2A, which presented AF

In order to improve the knowledge of total mercury (THg) bioaccumulation in bioindicator species of sea catfish (Siluriformes, Ariidae) and taking into account the relatively recent approach with respect to estuarine fish on the Brazilian coast, 65 individuals were caught in the northern and southern regions of the Cananeia estuary to determine the concentration of the THg in muscles, gills, gonads and kidney of the Cathorops spixii and Genidens genidens specimens. The difference in the THg accumulation associated to the maturity of the catfish reflects a differential metabolism regarding THg bioaccumulation in adults (males and females) and juveniles. These observations reinforce the importance of considering the maturity of the individual in order to understand the bioaccumulation and metabolism of fish under different environmental stress and conditions. Furthermore, abiotic conditions such as salinity should be evaluated in association with metabolic/biological conditions of the fish's bioindicators, especially in environments with large natural or anthropogenic transition gradients.

Specimens of the Cichla pinima are of ecological and economic importance in the Amazon region and are a good bioindicator species of Hg bioaccumulation. Adult specimens of Cichla pinima were obtained by fisheries in the Tapajos river region’s impacted gold mining area. Tissues such as muscle, liver, skin, and gill were submitted for total mercury (THg) analysis. For hepatic bioavailability, assays were carried out in the whole liver and in the sub-cellular hepatic fraction. The weight–length relationship showed an equation of W = 2E − 06L3.3002 (R2 = 0.856) indicating an allometric growth. The mean THg values found in the muscle tissue of 676 ± 258 μg kg−1 were below the maximum limit established for human consumption, but were similar to Cichla fish from other areas impacted by Hg in the Amazon region. The trends of levels in the tissues were as follows: liver>muscle>gonads>skin>gill, with no significant differences between the gills and skin. A significant and positive correlation as rs = 0.65 was obtained between the THg contents in cytosolic fraction and the total hepatic THg (liver homogenate). However, only 7% of the THg were found and were available to the sub-cellular hepatic fraction. This profile can be an indicative of a hepatic cellular transference in fish exposed to high Hg levels in the Amazon region now that low concentrations of Hg have been found in the sub-cellular fraction. However, data of differential THg partition in the subcellular compartments should be considered, since others’ hepatic fractions can act in the Hg linkage into the cell.

In order to improve the knowledge of total mercury (THg) bioaccumulation in bioindicator species of sea catfish (Siluriformes, Ariidae) and taking into account the relatively recent approach with respect to estuarine fish on the Brazilian coast, 65 individuals were caught in the northern and southern regions of the Cananeia estuary to determine the concentration of the THg in muscles, gills, gonads and kidney of the Cathorops spixii and Genidens genidens specimens. The difference in the THg accumulation associated to the maturity of the catfish reflects a differential metabolism regarding THg bioaccumulation in adults (males and females) and juveniles. These observations reinforce the importance of considering the maturity of the individual in order to understand the bioaccumulation and metabolism of fish under different environmental stress and conditions. Furthermore, abiotic conditions such as salinity should be evaluated in association with metabolic/biological conditions of the fish’s bioindicators, especially in environments with large natural or anthropogenic transition gradients.

The blue crab Callinectes danae is distributed throughout the Atlantic coast and this study aimed to evaluate a environmental forensics approach that could be applied at tropical estuarine systems where this species is distributed, based on the metal concentrations in its tissues. For this purpose, blue crab samples were collected in 9 sites (distributed in 3 areas) along the Santos Estuarine System, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The concentrations of Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined in gills, hepatopancreas and muscle tissues. Sediment samples were collected and analyzed in these same sites. A data distribution pattern was identified during both sampling periods (August and December 2011). In order to validate this model, a new sampling campaign was performed in March 2013 at the Santos Estuarine System and also at Ilha Grande (state of Rio de Janeiro). These data were added to the previous database (composed of the August and December 2011 samples) and a discriminant analysis was applied. The results confirmed an environmental fingerprint for the Santos Estuarine System.

Glass-ceramics based on the Li2O-SiO2 system have been extensively used as restorative dental materials due to their excellent chemical durability, aesthetics, inertness in the buccal environment, and high fracture strength; but they are not bioactive. On the other hand, all known bioactive glasses show ability to bond to bone, teeth and cartilage coupled to osteoconduction and osteoinduction, but their fracture strength and toughness are rather low. The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility of a new type of (bioactive and strong) lithia-silica glass-ceramic. For these purposes, two types of glass-ceramics based on a multicomponent lithia-silica system were studied: lithium metasilicate (LM) and lithium disilicate (LD). The in vitro bioactivity study was conducted in a SBF solution, before and after different times of immersion; the new materials were analyzed by XRD, FTIR, and SEM. Some samples were subjected to in vitro biodegradation tests to quantify the release of lithium and the weight loss. Cytotoxicity, adhesion, and cell proliferation on different samples were examined by using the Methyl Tetrazolium salt (MTS) and Alizarin Red. For ~40 vol% crystallinity, lithium metasilicate was detected as the major phase, whereas for ~80 vol% crystallinity, lithium disilicate was the major phase. The LD proved to be strong (3p-bending strength of 233 ± 12 MPa) and bioactive after 14 days of immersion in SBF. In terms of lithium ion release, the LD was outside the toxic range (>8.3 ppm). The LM and LD are not cytotoxic. The LD shows the best cellular adhesion and proliferation, leading to the formation of a mineralized matrix after 21 days. These results clearly suggest that the new LD brand is strong and highly biocompatible and warrants further study.

The presence of legacy contaminants in sediments from three Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) of the coast of São Paulo State was evaluated. Four sampling surveys were conducted between 2013 and 2015 in 10 sites, distributed along the Laje de Santos Marine and Xixova-Japui State Parks (PEMLS and XJSP, respectively) and Central Coast Marine Protection Area (APAMLC). Samples were analyzed for sediment texture, total organic carbon, CaCO3, metals (Al, Fe, Hg, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn), aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (AH and PAH). Sediments were generally sandy (excepting muddy samples from APAMLC), with variable amounts of TOC, OM and CaCO3. Most of the sediments exhibited low to moderate concentrations of metals, except APAMLC. Low contamination of sediments by hydrocarbons was found but samples from XLSP and APAMLC exhibited the highest concentrations of biogenic AH and PAH from pyrogenic sources. In APAMLC and PEMLS, the levels of metals can be considered as background levels according to geochemical indices (Igeo and EF). In XJSP and especially in APAMLC data indicated poor sediment quality, probably due to the effect of anthropic activities. Resumo A contaminação dos sedimentos superficiais foi avaliada neste estudo em amostras de áreas marinhas protegidas (AMP) da costa central de São Paulo. Quatro campanhas de amostragem foram feitas entre 2013 e 2015 em 10 sítios localizados nos Parques Estaduais Marinho da Laje de Santos e Xixová-Japuí (PEMLS e PEXJ, respectivamente), e Área de Proteção Ambiental Litoral Centro (APAMLC). As amostras foram analisadas quanto granulometria, carbono orgânico total, CaCO3, metais (Al, Fe, Hg, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb e Zn) e hidrocarbonetos alifáticos(AHs) e policíclicos aromáticos (PAHs). Em geral os sedimentos foram arenosos (exceto aqueles de APAMLC, que foram lamosos) e com quantidades variáveis de COT, MO e CaCO3. A maioria das amostras apresentaram baixas concentrações de metais de acordo com índices geoquímicos (Igeo e fatores de enriquecimento - FE). Baixa contaminação por hidrocarbonetos foi encontrada e em APAMLC os sedimentos apresentaram as maiores concentrações de AHs de origem biogênica e PAHs de pirogênicos. Nos sedimentos de APAMLC e PEMLS, os níveis de metais podem ser considerados como valores de referência. Já em PEXJ, os dados indicaram baixa qualidade de sedimentos, possivelmente devido às fontes antrópicas.

In this study, the quality of sediments from three Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) located on the coast of São Paulo (Laje de Santos Marine State Park - PEMLS; Xixova-Japui State Park - XJSP; and Central Coast Marine Protection Area - APAMLC) was assessed. Four sampling surveys were conducted (September/October 2013; January 2014; July 2014; January 2015). Sediment samples were collected at10 sites, distributed along the 3 MPAs. Samples were analyzed for sediment texture, total organic carbon, CaCO3, metals, aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and for whole-sediment and sediment-water interface toxicities. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to integrate data. Most of the sediments exhibited low concentrations of chemicals, with the exception of those from P2 (APAMLC) where moderate levels of contaminants were detected. Sediments from P7 and P9 (PEMLS) occasionally showed signs of petroleum hydrocarbons. The other sediments showed no relevant contamination but presented variable toxicity, especially those of bioclastic composition. The PCA indicated a contribution of the sediment properties to the toxicities, especially the CaCO3. In bioclastic sediments, toxicity might be due to physical causes by or any indirect factor such as the presence of ammonia. It was concluded that both natural and anthropic factors are causing toxicity in sediments from the MPAs studied. Resumo Este estudo analisou a qualidade dos sedimentos de três Áreas Marinhas Protegidas (AMP) situadas na porção central do litoral paulista (Parque Estadual Marinho da Laje de Santos - PEMLS; Parque Estadual Xixová-Japuí- PEXJ; Área de Proteção Ambiental Marinha do Litoral Centro - APAMLC). Quatro campanhas de coleta foram organizadas (Setembro/Outobro-2013; Janeiro-2014; Julho-2014; Janeiro-2015). Amostras de sedimento foram coletadas em 10 pontos ao longo das 3 AMP. As amostras foram analisadas para granulometria, carbono orgânico total, CaCO3, metais, hidrocarbonetos alifáticos e policíclico aromáticos, e toxicidade de sedimento integral e interface sedimento-água. Análise de Componentes Principais foi utilizada na integração dos dados. A maioria das amostras exibiu baixa contaminação, exceto a amostra de P2 (APAMLC) onde níveis moderados de contaminantes foram detectados. Sedimentos de P7 e P9 (PEMLS) eventualmente apresentaram sinais de hidrocarbonetos de petróleo. As demais amostras não apresentaram contaminação relevante, mas tiveram toxicidades variáveis, especialmente os sedimentos predominantemente bioclásticos. A PCA indicou forte contribuição das propriedades do sedimento, principalmente CaCO3 e amônia, na geração da toxicidade, indicando que fatores naturais e/ou antrópicos podem estar induzindo a toxicidade nas AMP estudadas.

A forensic approach was used to evaluate sediments from Portao Stream, including analysis of metals, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stable isotopes, and C:N ratios. Samples collected at various points located along the stream were tested in order to investigate a possible illegal leachate input. The studied stream is heavily impacted by sewage and industrial discharges from two cities along its course. Among the metals analyzed, chromium (Cr) was noticeably the main pollutant, showing the highest levels, above regulatory limits, downstream from some potential sources of effluents enriched with this metal. Isotope analyses revealed a general trend of depletion in the heavier isotope along the stream for C and N. The exception was one point near a hazardous waste landfill, where relatively more enriched δ13C and δ15N values were found. The isotope and metal analysis results indicated that this site was affected by a particular source, demonstrating the combination of these parameters could be used for the disc...

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:44:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-01-01 Fundação Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Tropical marine environments are rich in biodiversity and the presence of harbor activities in these areas can harm the coastal ecosystems. In this study, we assessed sediment quality of two harbors from a tropical region in Brazil by applying multiple lines-of-evidence approach. This approach included the integration of results on: (1) grain size, organic matter, organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, trace metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, linear alkylbenzenes, and tributyltin; (2) acute toxicity of whole sediments and chronic toxicity of liquid phases; and (3) benthic community descriptors. Our results revealed that the main contaminants detected in sediments from Mucuripe and Pecém Harbors were chromium, copper, nitrogen, zinc, and tributyltin. These toxicants arise from typical harbor activities. However, the changes in benthic composition and structure appear to depend on a combination of physical impacts, such as the deposition of fine sediments and the toxic potential of contaminants, especially in Mucuripe. Thus, apart from toxicants physical processes are important in describing risks. This information may assist in management and conservation of marine coastal areas. Instituto de Ciências do Mar Universidade Federal do Ceará Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia Aquática UNESP Instituto do Mar Universidade Federal de São Paulo Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares Universidade de São Paulo Instituto Oceanográfico Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo Instituto de Oceanografia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG) Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia Aquática UNESP Fundação Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico: 1571/07 Fundação Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico: BMD-0008-00058.01.18/09

This study determined the concentrations of eleven metals in the blue crab, Callinectes danae, from nine sites in the Santos Estuarine System of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The results were compared to guidelines established in the United States, Europe and Brazil for the safety of human consumers. Muscles of blue crabs were removed by dissection and concentrations of Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn Ni, Pb and Zn were determined. In general, the concentrations of metals were low, and the crabs were regarded as safe for human consumption. Crabs from a single site (site 4) exceeded the guidelines established by the United States and Europe, but not Brazil, for Pb, with a mean tissue concentration of 1.725 μg g(-1). With the exception of Al, Fe and Ni, significant differences were noted between sites in the concentrations of each metal in crab tissue.

Sediment contamination by metals poses risks to coastal ecosystems and is considered to be problematic to dredging operations. In Brazil, there are differences in sedimentology along the Large Marine Ecosystems in relation to the metal distributions. We aimed to assess the extent of Al, Fe, Hg, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn contamination in sediments from port zones in northeast (Mucuripe and Pecém) and southeast (Santos) Brazil through geochemical analyses and sediment quality ratings. The metal concentrations found in these port zones were higher than those observed in the continental shelf or the background values in both regions. In the northeast, metals were associated with carbonate, while in Santos, they were associated with mud. Geochemical analyses showed enrichments in Hg, Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn, and a simple application of international sediment quality guidelines failed to predict their impacts, whereas the use of site-specific values that were derived by geochemical and ecotoxicological approaches seemed to be more appropriate in the management of the dredged sediments.

The concentrations of metals in tissues of Callinectes danae were evaluated, aiming to determine the bioaccumulation process of this species. Gills presented the highest mean concentrations for most metals, except for Hg (LOD) and Zn (13.293 μg g(-1)). According to results of the principal component analysis, the type of tissue was distinguished due to the concentrations of metals. An evaluation of individuals from other sites of the Santos Estuarine System (where the Sao Vicente Channel is included) would be important to confirm if this pattern of bioaccumulation can be extended to the population of C. danae of this estuary.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:48:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-40422012000300003.pdf: 694713 bytes, checksum: fa0534e581c20e617be00762c96bbe1e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:48:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-40422012000300003.pdf: 694713 bytes, checksum: fa0534e581c20e617be00762c96bbe1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:39:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-40422012000300003.pdf: 694713 bytes, checksum: fa0534e581c20e617be00762c96bbe1e (MD5) S0100-40422012000300003.pdf.txt: 33074 bytes, checksum: 7d6372d9ab3956f46b9dd3b3062817d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:12:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-40422012000300003.pdf: 694713 bytes, checksum: fa0534e581c20e617be00762c96bbe1e (MD5) S0100-40422012000300003.pdf.txt: 33074 bytes, checksum: 7d6372d9ab3956f46b9dd3b3062817d2 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:12:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-40422012000300003.pdf: 694713 bytes, checksum: fa0534e581c20e617be00762c96bbe1e (MD5) S0100-40422012000300003.pdf.txt: 33074 bytes, checksum: 7d6372d9ab3956f46b9dd3b3062817d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) This study investigated the contamination of the Ribeira de Iguape River - RIR by Cd, Zn, Cr and Pb, using the bivalve Anodontites tenebricosus as a biomonitor. Metal concentrations in tissue samples were measured by HR-ICPMS. Bivalve tissues exhibited mean levels of 1.00 µg/g Cd; 152.89 µg/g Zn; 14.79 µg/g Cr and 4.40 µg/g Pb. Lead concentrations were comparable to those reported for moderately contaminated sites. The results showed that Pb is bioavailable to the bivalves, exhibiting high concentrations and exceeding both natural and reference values for human consumption. The freshwater bivalve Anodontites tenebricosus is a suitable biomonitor of contamination by metals. Universidade de São Paulo Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos Departamento de Geotecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Geociências Departamento de Geologia Sedimentar e Ambiental Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho

Obtaining sound evidence of environmental pollution crimes is usually challenging in environments impacted by multiple sources. This is particularly true when the situation involves running waters systems and the contaminants discharged by the suspect facility must be searched in stream-bed sediments, which are typically heterogeneous in terms of texture and composition. The heterogeneity reflects on the high variability of contaminant content, which implies that a large number of samples must be analyzed in order to reduce the uncertainty of the resulting data to an acceptable level. In environmental crimes investigations, where the State or “People” must provide the scientific proof, resources as laboratory analyses are few, and there are also time restrains, therefore, more effective and fit-for-purpose methodologies must be developed and tested in order to provide the justice operators a reliable evidence in a feasible manner. The present work introduces a case study of leachate discharge from a hazardous waste landfill in a heavily polluted watercourse where the use of a multiparameter approach using metals, stable isotope and organics analysis in stream-bed sediments was performed as an exploratory means provide evidence of this possible crime. A brief review of methods that explore multiple variables to add qualitative consistency for the results obtained is also presented.

This study was conducted on the continental shelf surrounding a large metropolitan region on the coast of Sao Paulo State, Southeast Brazil. This region harbours a large industrial plant and the largest port in Latin America, both of which release pollutants into the SantosSao Vicente estuarine system. High levels of Hg have been reported in sediments and fish from the estuaries and Santos Bay; however, data for the biota in offshore waters are scarce, and the bio- magnification of Hg across the food web here has never been assessed. In this study, the trophic structure of the Santos shelf was addressed through the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope compo- sitions of different species across a trophic gradient. We determined the total Hg levels (THg, dry weight) of invertebrates and fish to estimate the rate of biomagnification of this metal in the ben- thic and pelagic food webs. The lowest mean THg levels were found in zooplankton (0.006 µg g �1 ) and surface-depositivore polychaetes (0.011 µg g �1 ); the highest THg levels were found in the largest fishes: Patagonian flounder (0.825 µg g �1 ), fat snook (0.714 µg g �1 ), and lesser guitarfish (0.639 µg g �1 ). Overall, the Hg concentration in fish was below the recommended limit for human consumption. The THg and δ 15 N were positively correlated in both food webs; however, the rate of biomagnification was higher and the basal Hg was lower in the pelagic food web. These differ- ences may be related to the differing bioavailability of mercury in water and sediment, the higher diversity of prey and more complex feeding interactions in the benthic food web, and metabolic differences among different taxa.

Santos-Sao Vicente Estuarine System is a highly populated coastal zone in Brazil and where it is located the major port of Latin America. Historically, port activities, industrial and domestic effluents discharges have constituted the main sources of contaminants to estuarine system. This study aimed to assess the recent status of sediment quality from 5 zones of Port of Santos by applying a lines-of-evidence approach through integrating results of: (1) acute toxicity of whole sediment and chronic toxicity of liquid phases; (2) grain size, organic matter, organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, trace metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, linear alkylbenzenes and butyltins; (3) benthic community descriptors. Results revealed a gradient of increasing contamination for metals and organic compounds, alongside with their geochemical carriers. Sediment liquid phases were more toxic compared to whole sediment. Low number of species and individuals indicated the impoverishment of benthic community. The use of site-specific sediment quality guidelines was more appropriate to predict sediment toxicity. The integration of results through Sediment Quality Triad approach and principal component analysis allowed observing the effects of natural stressors and dredging on sediment quality and benthic distribution. Even with recent governmental efforts to control, pollution is still relevant in Port of Santos and a threat to local ecosystems.

Methylmercury (MeHg) has been determined in fish reference materials by direct mercury analyzer (DMA 80) and FIA-CV-AAS. In order to evaluate accuracy, certified reference materials (Fish protein, NRCC - Dorm 4 and fish material, Ipen - Dourada 1) were analyzed after extraction and separation of mercury species. Good agreement of the results have been obtained (relative error of the determination between the methods varied from 1.5% to 39%). The repeatability of the results varied from 4% to 26%.

Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu concentrations and their distribution in liver, gill, and muscle tissues of the catfish Cathorops spixii and Genidens genidens were investigated in order to provide information concerning the bioaccumulation processes in these species. Fish were collected in one estuary subject to slight human influence (Cananéia) and in two regions within the Santos-São Vicente estuary, São Paulo, Brazil, subject to distinct anthropogenic influences: 1) industrial and 2) domestic. In general, the highest concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb were found in the liver tissue. Muscle showed the lowest values of metal accumulation for all the elements investigated. Regarding the distribution and the metal pollution index (MPI), the levels of the metals analyzed decreased in the following order: liver>gill>muscle. MPI results suggest that gill and liver are important organs to exemplify the bioaccumulation process and are also better able to reflect both recent and chronic exposure to metals.Concentrações de Pb, Cd, Zn e Cu e sua distribuição no fígado, brânquias e músculo dos bagres Cathorops spixii e Genidens genidens foram determinadas visando fornecer informações sobre os processos de bioacumulação desses metais nas espécies. Os peixes foram coletados no estuário de Cananéia e em duas regiões do estuário de Santos-São Vicente, ambos em São Paulo, Brasil. Esses estuários apresentam distintas influências antropogênicas, sendo o primeiro deles submetido a impacto industrial e o segundo a impacto doméstico. Em geral, as maiores concentrações de Cu, Zn, Cd e Pb foram obtidas no tecido hepático. No músculo foram encontrados os menores valores de acumulação para todos os elementos investigados. Quanto à distribuição dos metais e ao seu índice de poluição (Índice de Poluição por Metais-IPM), os níveis diminuíram na seguinte ordem: fígado>brânquias>músculo. Resultados do IPM sugerem que as brânquias e o fígado são importantes órgãos para indicar processos de bioacumulação, sendo também os melhores para refletir exposições crônica e recente a metais.

This study aimed to evaluate the metal concentration of sediments from the Santos Estuarine System (Sao Paulo State, Brazil). during the winter of 2010. Surface sediment samples were collected from 16 sites distributed along with the estuarine system. Aliquots from homogenized samples were sub-sampled for chemical and granulometric analyses. The results were compared with reference values from Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines. Principal components analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were used to identify and clarify relationships among sites and chemical parameters. PCA grouped sites close to the industrial area, where sediment contamination seems to be more critical, which was confirmed by cluster analysis. The results confirmed that metal contamination is still a problem for the bent ecosystem of the Santos Estuarine System. Strong efforts must be done to keep allowing recreation, fishing and other activities direct related to coastal areas and to help protect the estuarine ecosystem. O presente estudo avaliou a concentração de metais em sedimentos provenientes do Sistema Estuarino de Santos (Estado de São Paulo, Brasil) no inverno de 2010. Amostras de sedimento superficial foram coletadas em 16 pontos distribuídos ao redor do referido estuário. Cada amostra foi homogeneizada e sub-amostrada para as análises químicas e granulométricas. Os resultados foram comparados aos valores de referência presentes nas Normas Canadenses de Qualidade do Sedimento. As análises de componentes principais (ACP) e de clusters foram utilizadas para identificar e esclarecer correlações existentes entre os pontos de coleta e os parâmetros químicos. ACP agrupou locais próximos à área industrial, onde a contaminação do sedimento parece ser mais crítica, o que foi confirmado pela análise de clusters. Os resultados confirmaram que a contaminação por metais ainda é um problema para o ecossistema bentônico do Estuário de Santos. Esforços devem ser feitos para continuar permitindo a recreação, a pesca e demais atividades diretamente relacionadas com as zonas costeiras e ajudar a proteger o ecossistema estuarino.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:48:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-40422008000100003.pdf: 437478 bytes, checksum: b9d330a12f92d0a326993223279caf73 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:48:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-40422008000100003.pdf: 437478 bytes, checksum: b9d330a12f92d0a326993223279caf73 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:38:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-40422008000100003.pdf: 437478 bytes, checksum: b9d330a12f92d0a326993223279caf73 (MD5) S0100-40422008000100003.pdf.txt: 60381 bytes, checksum: fe1d90eb99ca81c6d59ac7f56b150e66 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:12:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-40422008000100003.pdf: 437478 bytes, checksum: b9d330a12f92d0a326993223279caf73 (MD5) S0100-40422008000100003.pdf.txt: 60381 bytes, checksum: fe1d90eb99ca81c6d59ac7f56b150e66 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:12:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-40422008000100003.pdf: 437478 bytes, checksum: b9d330a12f92d0a326993223279caf73 (MD5) S0100-40422008000100003.pdf.txt: 60381 bytes, checksum: fe1d90eb99ca81c6d59ac7f56b150e66 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Three approaches were applied to evaluate metal contamination in 41 sediment samples from the Santos - São Vicente Estuarine System: normalization to Al, statistical analysis and sediment quality guidelines (SQGs). The results showed increases in the concentrations of Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cr and Hg, which seemed to be associated with human activities. The levels of Al, Fe and Co probably were associated with crustal material or natural weathering processes. About 45% of the samples presented concentrations exceeding TEL-ERL, levels occasionally associated with adverse biological effects. Four of these samples presented concentrations above PEL-ERM, levels frequently associated with adverse biological effects. Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares Centro de Química e Meio Ambiente Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Biologia Marinha e Gerenciamento Costeiro Universidade de São Paulo Instituto Oceanográfico Departamento de Oceanografia Biológica Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Biologia Marinha e Gerenciamento Costeiro FAPESP: 98/00808-6

A set of 75 wine samples from seven of the major wine producing regions in Chile were analyzed with flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) to determine their content of major metallic elements (K, Mg, Ca, Na, Fe and Zn). The results obtained were further analyzed with principal component analysis (PCA) in an attempt to loosely discriminate these wines according to grape type and geographical origin. The metal concentrations measured were within normal ranges, according to previously published data from other wine producing countries. Multivariate statistics allowed the possibility to reasonably discriminate between red and white wines, and to show a distinctive pattern of Na concentration, with higher total contents for the wines produced in the northern parts of the country. Setenta y cinco muestras de vinos provenientes de siete de las principales zonas vitivinicolas de Chile fueron analizadas por espectrometria de absorcion atomica de llama (AAS) para determinar su contenido de elementos mayoritarios (K, Mg, Ca, Na, Fe y Zn). Los resultados obtenidos fueron analizados mediante la metodologia de analisis de componentes principales (PCA) en un intento por discriminar los vinos de acuerdo a su variedad u origen geografico. Las determinaciones de concentracion de metales encontradas resultaron dentro de los rangos normales previamente descritos para vinos producidos en otras regiones del mundo. La tecnica de estadistica multivariada utilizada permitio discriminar adecuadamente entre vinos blancos y tintos, y evidencio un importante patron de distribucion de Na, con mayores concertaciones de dicho elemento para los vinos producidos en la zona norte de Chile.

The distribution of mercury contamination in the Santos - São Vicente Estuarine System was observed through the analysis of 31 sediments samples collected from that system, including mangrove areas under urban, industrial and harbor influence zones. The range of values obtained was between 0.04 and 1.19 µg g -1. About 90% of samples presented Hg > 0.13 µg g-1 levels, which is the limit established by Canadian legislation and adopted by the environmental control agency of São Paulo State - Brazil (CETESB), below which no adverse effect on the biological community has been observed. About 35% of these samples presented concentrations of Hg > 0.70 µg g-1, the probable level of occurrence of adverse effect on the biological community. These results indicate an increase in the mercury levels caused by industrial, port and urban activities. A statistical study was carried out, using the SPSS-10.0 software, to verify relationships among all the investigated parameters. Normalization of mercury with mud content was used to detect the degree of mercury contamination in this area. A distribuição da contaminação por mercúrio no sistema estuarino de Santos - São Vicente foi observada pela análise de 31 amostras de sedimentos coletadas desse sistema, incluindo as áreas de manguezais localizadas em zonas sob influência urbana, industrial e portuária. Os valores obtidos de Hg variaram de 0,04 a 1,19 µg g -1, sendo que cerca de 90% das amostras apresentaram concentrações superiores a 0,13 µg g -1, limite estabelecido pela legislação Canadense e adotado pela Companhia de Tecnologia e Saneamento Ambiental de São Paulo (CETESB), abaixo do qual não é observado efeito adverso na comunidade biológica. Entre estas, cerca de 35% possui teor de Hg > 0,70 µg g -1, provável nível de ocorrência de efeito adverso à comunidade biológica, indicando um aumento devido às atividades industriais, portuárias e urbanas. A fim de se verificar a relação entre os parâmetros investigados, foi feita análise estatística empregando-se o software SPSS-10.0. Utilizou-se o teor de lama para normalizar o de Hg, como recurso para detectar o grau de contaminação da região.