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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Das okuläre Lymphom wird anhand seiner anatomischen Lokalisation in die intraokulären und periokulären Lymphome eingeteilt. Intraokulär kann die Uvea mit ihren Strukturen betroffen sein oder die Retina in Verbindung mit dem Glaskörper. Die periokulären Lymphome treten in Orbita, Bindehaut, Tränenapparat oder Lid auf. Von großer Bedeutung ist die Unterscheidung zwischen primären Lymphomen der Region oder systemischem Befall. Über die letzten Jahrzehnte konnte in den westlichen Ländern eine konstant steigende Inzidenz okulärer Lymphome nachgewiesen werden. Ziel Dieser Beitrag soll einen Überblick über die vielfältigen Manifestationen, Diagnostik, Therapie sowie Prognose und Nachsorge geben. Material und Methoden Der Beitrag basiert auf einer selektiven Literaturrecherche über die MEDLINE-Datenbank zum Thema okuläre Lymphome sowie den persönlichen Erfahrungen der Autoren. Ergebnisse Je nach Lokalisation können die Symptome sehr unterschiedlich sein. Die Diagnose erfolgt über eine Probebiopsie und anschließende zytologische/histologische und ggf. molekularpathologische Untersuchung. Strahlentherapeutische sowie systemische Verfahren stellen die am häufigsten angewendeten Therapieverfahren dar. Die Prognose hängt sehr stark von der Lokalisation, dem Subtyp des Lymphoms sowie dem Ausmaß des Tumorbefalls ab. Diskussion Das okuläre Lymphom berührt in Diagnostik, Therapie und Nachsorge die Schnittstellen zwischen Ophthalmologie, (Hämato‑)Onkologie, Strahlentherapie, Neurologie, Neurochirurgie, Mund-Kiefer-Gesichts-Chirurgie, Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Dermatologie, Radiologie, Pathologie und Psychoonkologie. Dabei spielt der Augenarzt als Eingangsarzt bei dieser Systemerkrankung eine wesentliche Rolle.

Background The role of CD133 und ABCB5 is discussed in treatment resistance in several types of cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether CD133+/ABCB5+ colocalization differs in untreated, in beam radiation treated, and in chemotherapy treated retinoblastoma specimens. Additionally, CD133, ABCB5, sphingosine kinase 1, and sphingosine kinase 2 gene expression was analyzed in WERI-RB1 (WERI RB1) and etoposide-resistant WERI RB1 subclones (WERI ETOR). Methods Active human untreated retinoblastoma specimens (n = 12), active human retinoblastoma specimens pretreated with beam radiation before enucleation (n = 8), and active human retinoblastoma specimens pretreated with chemotherapy before enucleation (n = 7) were investigated for localization and expression of CD133 and ABCB5 by immunohistochemistry. Only specimens with IIRC D, but not E, were included in this study. Furthermore, WERI RB1 and WERI ETOR cell lines were analyzed for CD133, ABCB5, sphingosine kinase 1, and sphingosine kinase 2 by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the same amount of CD133+/ABCB5+ colocalization islets in untreated and treated human retinoblastoma specimens. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed a statistically significant upregulation of CD133 in WERI ETOR (p = 0.002). No ABCB5 expression was detected in WERI RB1 and WERI ETOR. On the other hand, SPHK1 (p = 0.0027) and SPHK2 (p = 0.017) showed significant downregulation in WERI ETOR compared to WERI RB1. Conclusions CD133+/ABCB5+ co-localization islets were noted in untreated and treated human retinoblastoma specimens. Therefore, we assume that CD133+/ABCB5+ islets might play a role in retinoblastoma genesis, but not in retinoblastoma treatment resistance.

Background and Objectives: Thus far, tumor control for choroidal melanoma after teletherapeutic radiation is clinically difficult. In contrast to brachytherapy, the tumor height does not necessarily have to shrink as a result of teletherapy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate tumor vascularization determined by color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) as a possible approach for monitoring the therapy response after teletherapy of choroidal melanoma. Materials and Methods: A single-center retrospective pilot study of 24 patients was conducted, all of whom had been diagnosed with choroidal neoplasm, treated and followed up. Besides tumor vascularization, the following parameters were collected: age, gender, tumor entity, location, radiation dose, knowledge of relapse, tumor height, radiation-related complications, occurrence of metastases, visual acuity in logMAR. Results: The level of choroidal melanoma vascularization markedly decreased in all included subjects after treatment with the CyberKnife® technology. Initially, the level of vascularization was 2.1 (SD: 0.76 for n = 10), post-therapeutically, it averaged 0.14 (SD: 0.4). Regarding the tumor apex, CDFI sonography also demonstrated a significant tumor regression (mean value pre-therapeutically: 8.35 mm—SD: 3.92 for n = 10, mean value post-therapeutically: 4.86 mm—SD: 3.21). The level of choroidal melanoma vascularization declined in the patient collective treated with ruthenium-106 brachytherapy. The pre-therapeutic level of vascularization of 2 (SD: 0 for n = 2) decreased significantly to a level of 0 (mean: 0—SD: 0). The tumor height determined by CDFI did not allow any valid statement regarding local tumor control. In contrast to these findings, the patient population of the control group without any radiation therapy did not show any alterations in vascularization. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the determination of the tumor vascularization level using CDFI might be a useful and supplementary course parameter in the follow-up care of choroidal melanoma to monitor the success of treatment. This especially applies to robot-assisted radiotherapy using CyberKnife®. Further studies are necessary to validate the first results of this assessment.

Personalized medicine is nowadays the standard of care for patients with oncological diseases. A prime example is the lymphoma, which has substantial points of contact with ophthalmological care due to the intraocular and periocular involvement.This article provides a description of the current personalized diagnostics and treatment of ocular lymphomas.This article constructs a relationship between the current knowledge in the literature, guidelines and recommendations and the clinical experience with ocular lymphomas. It explains in particular the molecular and also individual personalized treatment concepts.The primary suspicion of lymphatic or other ocular oncological diseases is raised by an ophthalmologist based on clinical symptoms. The exact diagnostic procedure is carried out with molecular biological techniques, such as immunohistology and polymerase chain reaction analyses. A staging of the mass is indispensable and the stage classification according to the Ann Arbor criteria for a correct assignment of the lymphoma is of clinical importance. Based on these precise diagnostics an individualized choice of treatment and subsequent personalized follow-up care are carried out. During the complete process from the diagnostic procedure to treatment and aftercare, psycho-oncological support should be offered to the patient.Personalized medicine is already actively performed in the care of ocular lymphomas. The patient is in the forefront and plays a decisive role. By considering the special features of the tumor and patient parameters, the life expectation and relapse-free interval as well as quality of life have been improved for many types of lymphoma. It must be assumed that these advantages also apply to ophthalmology.