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Soil fauna is sensitive to changes in the environment and, therefore, can be efficient as an indicator of quality in banana production areas. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of banana on fauna and in function of the different cultural practices, management and chemical and physical aspects of the soil. Was evaluate two banana fields and an area of native forest, in the south of Santa Catarina in two seasons. For the collection of fauna, the technique of pitfall traps and soil monolith is used and also, a chemical and physical soil was evaluated. For the fauna was evaluated the abundance and richness of organisms sampled, diversity indexes of Shannon-Wiener and Pielou and multivariate processes was done. The main groups in the collection of pitfall traps in the banana fields were Collembola, Formicidae and Acari and in the collection by the soil monolith, are Oligochaeta and Diptera (larvae) groups. Regarding diversity indexes in banana plantations, the highest indices are in the last collection by soil monolith. Identified fauna relation with pH, Al+3, Fe+3, Zn+2, Mg+, macroporosity and soil density. It is concluded, as the main cultural practices of the banana fields related with fauna are fertilization and disposal of cultural remains in the soil.

Several studies have characterized and delimited subterranean ant assemblages. Soil extraction, one of the methods employed to access this fauna, employs the removal of monoliths. One of the most widely used methods for the extraction of soil sampling is called TSBF (developed by the Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Programme). This method provides relevant data about the species associated with the soil. In the present study we characterized assemblages of subterranean ants using the TSBF method in different subtropical areas of the Neotropics. We considered two sampling designs in different localities. The first design resulted in 315 TSBF samples obtained from layers at distinct depths. The second design resulted in 270 TSBF samples and 270 epigaeic pitfall trap samples. This material was used to delimit the species that occur exclusively in the subterranean stratum (TSBF) and that are not found on the soil surface. A total of 281 species were recorded. Of these, 57 can be considered subterranean, based on their occurrence in subterranean strata. We also verified that the highest occurrence of ants was in the first 10 cm of soil depth. Due to the importance of using methods that efficiently extract the subterranean ant fauna in studies, we suggest the TSBF method should be used to sample ants or to associate this method with epigaeic pitfall traps to delimit strictly subterranean assemblages in specific community stratification studies. Resumo: Vários estudos têm caracterizado e delimitado assembleias de formigas subterrâneas. A extração de solo, um dos métodos utilizados para amostragem dessa fala, implica na remoção de monólitos. Um dos métodos mais utilizados na extração de monólitos é chamado TSBF (desenvolvido pelo Programa Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility). Esse método fornece dados extremamente relevantes sobre as espécies associadas ao solo. No presente estudo, nós caracterizamos as assembleias de formigas subterrâneas usando o método TSBF em diferentes áreas subtropicais do Neotrópico. Utilizamos dois delineamentos amostrais distintos. O primeiro delineamento resultou em 315 amostras de TSBF obtidas a partir da estratificação do solo. O segundo resultou em 270 amostras de TSBF mais 270 provenientes de armadilhas pitfall epigeicas. Esse material foi utilizado para delimitar espécies que ocorrem exclusivamente no estrato subterrâneo (TSBF) e não são encontradas na superfície do solo. Registramos um total de 281 espécies. Destas, 57 podem ser consideradas subterrâneas (baseado na ocorrência no respectivo estrato). Também verificamos que a maior ocorrência de formigas se deu nos primeiros 10 cm de profundidade. Devido à importância do uso de métodos que coletem eficientemente formigas subterrâneas, sugerimos o uso do método TSBF em estudos de estratificação de comunidades ou sua associação a armadilhas do tipo pitfall epigeica para delimitar assembleias estritamente subterrâneas.

Studies of the successive application of manure as fertilizer and its combined effect with long-term soil management systems are important to the identification of the interdependence of physical attributes. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the physical properties of a Rhodic Kandiudox under management systems employing successive applications of pig slurry and poultry litter, and select physical indicators that distinguish these systems using canonical discriminant analysis (CDA). The systems consisting of treatments including land use, management and the application time of organic fertilizers are described as follows: silage maize under no-tillage (NT-M7 years); silage maize under conventional tillage (CT-M20 years); annual pasture with chisel plowing (CP-P3 years); annual pasture with chisel plowing (CP-P15 years); perennial pasture without tillage (NT-PP20 years); and no-tillage yerba mate (NT-YM20 years) and were compared with native forest (NF) and native pasture (NP). Soil samples were collected from the layers at the following depths: 0.0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, and 0.10-0.20 m, and were analyzed for bulk density, porosity, aggregation, flocculation, penetration resistance, water availability and total clay content. Canonical discriminant analysis was an important tool in the study of physical indicators of soil quality. Organic fertilization, along with soil management, influences soil structure and its porosity. Total porosity was the most important physical property in the distinction of areas with management systems and application times of manure for the 0.0-0.05 and 0.10-0.20 m layers. Soil aeration and micropores differentiated areas in the 0.05-0.10 m layer. Animal trampling and machinery traffic were the main factors inducing compaction of this clayey soil. Resumo: Estudos da aplicação sucessiva de esterco como fertilizante e seu efeito combinado com sistemas de manejo do solo a longo prazo são importantes para a identificação da interdependência de atributos físicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as mudanças nas propriedades físicas de um sistema Rhodic Kandiudox sob manejo empregando aplicações sucessivas de dejetos de suínos e de cama de frango, e selecionar indicadores físicos que distinguem esses sistemas usando análise discriminante canônica (CDA). Os sistemas que consistem em tratamentos, incluindo o uso da terra, manejo e o tempo de aplicação dos fertilizantes orgânicos são descritos a seguir: silagem de milho sob plantio direto (NT-M7 anos); silagem de milho sob preparo convencional (CT-M20 anos); pastagem anual com armação de cinzel (CP-P3 anos); pastagem anual com cinzeladura (CP-P15 anos); pastagem perene sem plantio direto (NT-PP20 anos); e erva-mate de plantio direto (NT-YM20 anos) e foram comparados com floresta nativa (NF) e pastagem nativa (PN). Amostras de solo foram coletadas nas seguintes profundidades: 0,0-0,05, 0,05-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 me analisadas quanto à densidade do solo, porosidade, agregação, floculação, resistência à penetração, disponibilidade de água e teor de argila total. A análise discriminante canônica foi uma importante ferramenta no estudo de indicadores físicos de qualidade do solo. A adubação orgânica, juntamente com o manejo do solo, influencia a estrutura do solo e sua porosidade. A porosidade total foi a propriedade física mais importante na distinção de áreas com sistemas de manejo e tempos de aplicação de esterco para as camadas de 0,0-0,05 e 0,10-0,20 m. Aeração do solo e áreas diferenciadas com microporos na camada de 0,05-0,10 m. O pisoteio animal e o tráfego de máquinas foram os principais fatores que induziram a compactação deste solo argiloso. Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-17T00:45:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 final8858.pdf: 216206 bytes, checksum: c540da29ae79b8cba0b9e08472adbd64 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-16

The ability of spiders to spread over contiguous areas (Arachnida: Araneae) is directly related to soil management conditions. The objective of this work was to study the effect of land use system (LUS) on the abundance and diversity of soil spider families and their relationship with soil physical and chemical properties. The evaluated LUS were: native forest, eucalyptus reforestation, pasture, crop-livestock integration, and no-tillage crop. Samples were collected in three municipalities of Southern Plateau of Santa Catarina, considered as true replicates, during winter and summer. A total of 270 samples was taken in each area and season. The sampling points were arranged in a grid of 3 × 3 m, spaced by 30 m. We evaluated soil physical, chemical, and microbiological attributes and the abundance and diversity of spider families, collected by soil monolith and soil traps. A total of 448 spiders were captured, 152 in winter and 296 in summer, distributed in 24 families and 52 species/morphospecies. There was a seasonality effect related to the land use systems and the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index was recorded in the native forest in both sampling periods. Most families of spiders have a direct dependence on soil physical and chemical properties, such as microporosity, exchangeable aluminum, calcium, magnesium, and potassium during the winter. Organic matter, nitrogen, pH in water, weighted average diameter, soil density, and microbial biomass carbon exhibited dependence during the summer. Vegetation type and soil management are the factors that seem to affect most the occurrence of spiders. The families Theridiidae and Nemesiidae are dependent on sites with low human intervention.

Changes in land use management in agricultural areas can affect the biodiversity of spider families. This study aimed to evaluate spider diversity in different land use systems with capture by two sampling methods, and to identify soil properties that can modulate the occurrence of spiders. Five land use systems, representative of traditional agricultural areas, were evaluated in the west of Santa Catarina, Brazil, to establish a scale of land use intensity: native forest, eucalyptus reforestation areas, pastures, crop-livestock integration areas, and annual crops under no-tillage. The collection methods were manual from soil monoliths and soil traps. Altogether 479 individuals were captured, which were distributed among 20 families, 40 genera, and 8 species. Principal component analysis separated the land use systems and showed an association of spider families with land use in the two sampling methods. There was reduction in spider diversity as the intensity of land use increased. The manual collection method was more efficient for families of soil spiders, whereas traps were more efficient for epigeic spiders. The Lycosidae family was more resistant to environmental pressures, while Oonopidae and Amaurobiidae were more sensitive to environmental modifications. The differences in the spider communities were explained by the following soil properties: organic matter, mean weight-diameter of soil aggregates, and resistance to penetration, which were associated with the degree of anthropic intervention in the land use systems.

a b s t r a c t Brazil is a megadiverse country from which around 10% of all species are known. However, many areas in Brazil have not been adequately studied, particularly for soil animals. This includes the state of Santa Catarina, where only 18 of the approximately 300 known Brazilian earthworm species occur, and where very little is known of the impacts of land use management on earthworm populations (density and diversity). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate earthworm species richness in five different land-use systems (LUS) with increasing anthropogenic impact: native forest (NF), eucalyptus plantation (EP), pasture (PA), integrated crop-livestock (ICL) and no-tillage cropping (NT), in six counties, three each from the Western and Plateau regions of the state. Nine monoliths of 25 cm × 25 cm × 20 cm depth were sampled at each site and worms hand sorted. Qualitative samples were also taken by digging at least 20 holes per site to improve the likelihood of collecting rare species. Samples were taken in the Winter and Summer months of 2011-2012 (July-August 2011, December 2011-January 2012). Contrary to expectations, species richness was higher in LUS with higher (ICL and NT = 15 and 17 spp.) vs. lower anthropogenic impacts (EP, PA, NF = 9-10 spp.), mainly due to the presence of exotic species in the crop- ping systems. Native species predominated in PA and NF, although natives were also found in highly disturbed ecosystems (NT, ICL) and in the West region all worms collected in NT were native. In total 24 species were identified in all LUS, with 19 native species, including several that were new to science. Several species were collected exclusively in each region, and overall qualitative samples yielded 24 species while quantitative samples only 16. Therefore, qualitative sampling appears to be more effective in determining earthworm species richness at regional levels, although quantitative samples are a useful addition when LUS are compared within a region, and if abundance and diversity index calculations are

A fauna edáfica é sensível a perturbações ambientais e sua resposta pode indicar o estado de conservação do solo em locais com diferentes uso e manejo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a diversidade de grupos da fauna invertebrada e sua relação com atributos edáficos em três sistemas de uso do solo (SUS): Floresta Nativa (FN), Reflorestamento de Pinus (RP) e Campo Nativo Melhorado (CNM), no município de Lages, SC. A amostragem consistiu em três pontos distanciados entre si por 30 metros, estabelecidos ao longo de transectos, em cada SUS. Avaliaram-se os atributos físicos e químicos do solo e da abundância e diversidade da fauna, coletada pelos métodos Pitfall traps e Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF). Os dados foram submetidos a análise estatística multivariada. Identificaram-se 1210 organismos do solo, pertencentes a 17 grupos taxonômicos, sendo, os mais representativos Collembola e Coleoptera, independente do SUS. A FN apresentou maior riqueza e diversidade da fauna edáfica em comparação aos outros sistemas. Os maiores teores de matéria orgânica e pH demonstraram relação com Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae e Collembola. A umidade do solo contribuiu para explicar a abundância dos grupos em CNM e FN. Contudo, a fauna mostrou respostas diferentes na sua distribuição para cada SUS, logo, as variáveis ambientais podem limitar o estabelecimento dos invertebrados mais frequentes no solo. Os sistemas FN e CNM apresentaram melhores condições dos atributos edáficos e por isso maior biodiversidade, quando comparados ao RP.

Successive applications of pig slurry and poultry manure can improve the soil structure, according to the land use conditions and amounts applied. This study evaluated the effect of manure fertilization on the physical properties and organic carbon of a Rhodic Kandiudox. Treatments included land use and management and time of pig slurry and poultry litter application, namely: native forest (NF); yerba mate after 20 years of animal waste application (YM20); pasture after 15 years of application (P15); grassland after 20 years of manuring (PP20); grassland after 3 years of manuring (P3); pasture without application (P0), maize after 20 years of application (M20); and maize after 7 years of application (M7). Soil samples were collected in the 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20cm layers, in which density, porosity, aggregate stability, flocculation, penetration resistance, available water, and total clay content, total and particulate organic carbon, and C:N ratio were analyzed. The total organic carbon is sensitive to management and was not related to waste application, except in the 10-20cm layer of ryegrass pasture after three years of manuring. Reponses to waste application and land use and management systems were observed in the variables soil density and penetration resistance.