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Pricing process is the process of tariffs formation, rates and ratio defining. Pricing order is defined by the Government of the Republic of Lithuania and implemented by institutions, empowered by the state in independent Lithuania. Heat tariffs are estimated using heat tariffs defining methodologies. District heating tariffs are regulated by the Government, however, recently, when heat tariffs were growing considerably due to growing prices for various types of fuel, payments for district heating became the main concern of residents. The paper provides a historical-expert overview of the pricing process and legislation regulating the formation of heat tariffs during the period 1970-2012. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Lithuanian power system was connected to the Joint North-West power system on October 12, 1962. The daily loading graph was the most uneven one compared to other power systems in the former USSR. In order to even out the daily loadings of the power system graph in Lithuania a regulatory system was established, which consisted of thermal accumulative electrode 10 kV and 0.4 kV plants. These plants used "night-time" power and produced heat for heating buildings and preparing hot water. The total power capacity of electrode boilers installed in such plants during several years reached nearly 1500 MW. Unfortunately, for various reasons, the group of such "night-time" consumers was destroyed. This paper provides a historical analysis of the design, construction and decline of the mentioned thermal accumulative electrode 10 kV and 0.4 kV plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Jurbarkas regional municipality (Jurbarkas region till 1995) lies in the south-west of Lithuania, in Tauragė County, on the right bank of the Nemunas river. The area of the municipality is 1507 sq. km (or 2.3% of the total Lithuania's area), population appr. 360,000 (1.1% of the total Lithuania's population).Various plans regarding the industrialization of the Jurbarkas region existed during the period 1958-1970: a location was selected for the construction of the Mituva nuclear power plant, the project on the construction of a new hydro-power station (Coвeтскaя ΓЭC) on the Nemunas river with the capacity 205 MW, terms of reference were elaborated for construction of an oil refinery with a CHP plant in Jurbarkas. Neither of these projects were implemented; thus, cultivation and processing of agricultural production traditionally dominates in the Jurbarkas region. Only 0.1% of the Lithuanian industrial production was produced in Jurbarkas regional municipality in 2003. Small scale boiler-houses prevail in the heat sector, with only several larger ones. The paper provides an expert analysis data on the functioning of a part of small-scale boiler-houses during 1993-2007. It discusses the development of boilers' stock, fuel types, heat tariffs, firewood prices. The paper also presents the moisture content in wood fuel and the cost of heat, fuel accountancy and other problems in the low-capacity boilers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates cases of separate and combined heat and power generation, providing data for comparison of their energy efficiency. It was shown that the official translation of the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council 2004/8/EC from February 11, 2004 into the Lithuanian language has used the incorrect concept of "thermofication" instead of "cogeneration". The paper shows various possibilities for the use of cogeneration technologies presented in Annex I of the Directive, on the "power capacity vs. electric efficiency" axes. The paper provides data on companies producing microturbines and discusses possibilities to use microturbines in various fields of economic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large amounts of water steam accumulate in exhaust gas during the natural gas incineration process, and the condensation heat of this steam is almost not used in Lithuania. Condensing economizers are used to cool exhaust gas below dew point temperature, and in addition to physical heat from cooled exhaust gas, a certain share of condensation heat from water steam accumulated in exhaust gas is also used. This saves an expensive fuel (natural gas) and reduces environmental pollution with greenhouse gases. Our paper presents an assessment of the feasibility to use heat from exhaust gas cooled below dew point temperature in one of boiler-houses in the Anykščiai town. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]