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Hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs), such are dimeric rosmarinic acid (RA) and higher HCA oligomers, are important active constituents of Lamiaceae plants. It was found that herb of Satureja kitaibelii (Rtanj tea) contains substantial amounts of RA and HCA hexamer clinopodic acid O (CAO) (1). In this work, we compared extracting efficiencies of conventional solvents and a deep eutectic solvent, composed of choline chloride and citric acid (ChCl:CitrA), for extraction of RA and CAO from Rtanj tea. Commercial Rtanj tea sample was extracted (1:10) by sonication (room temperature, 60 min) with aqueous ChCl:CitrA (35% and 65%), ethanol 50%, ethanol 96%, and water, as well as by previously optimized procedure (ethanol 46%, digestion 60 °C, 120 min) (1). Contents of RA and CAO were determined by HPLC using RA as external standard. Extraction with ChCl:CitrA and 50% ethanol resulted in extracts rich in RA and CAO; RA concentrations in these extracts were uniform (848-873 μg/mL), while extraction of CAO was slightly more effective with ChCl:CitrA (1122-1131 μg/mL) than with 50% ethanol (925 μg/mL). These extracts contained significantly more of RA and CAO than the extract obtained under optimized conditions (666 μg/mL RA, 725 μg/mL CAO). Differently, 96% ethanol and water extracts contained substantially less RA (11-217 μg/mL) and CAO (4-10 μg/mL). Obtained results indicate potential of applied eutectic solvent in extraction of Rtanj tea, for purpose of both quality control and preparation of extracts with potential application in pharmaceutical, food or cosmetic industry, and are compliant with “green chemistry” and “green pharmacy” principles. Derivati hidroksicimetne kiseline (HCK), kao što su dimerna rozmarinska kiselina (RK) i viši oligomeri HCK, su aktivni sastojci biljaka familije Lamiaceae. Ranije je ustanovljeno da herba Satureja kitaibelii (rtanjski čaj) sadrži značajne količine RK i heksamera HCK klinopodinske kiseline O (KKO) (1). U radu je upoređena ekstrakciona efikasnost konvencionalnih rastvarača i duboke eutektičke smeše na bazi holin hlorida i limunske kiseline (ChCl:CitrA) za ekstrakciju RK i KKO iz rtanjskog čaja. Komercijalni uzorak rtanjskog čaja ekstrahovan je (1:10) postupkom sonikacije na sobnoj temperaturi tokom 60 min vodenim rastvorima ChCl:CitrA (35% i 65%), etanolom 50%, etanolom 96% i vodom, kao i prethodno optimizovanim postupkom (etanol 46%, digestija na 60 °C, 120 min) (1). Sadržaj RK i KKO određen je HPLC metodom, korišćenjem RK kao eksternog standarda. Ekstrakcija primenom ChCl:CitrA i 50% etanola rezultirala je ekstraktima bogatim RK i KKO, pri čemu su koncentracije RK u ovim ekstraktima bile ujednačene (848-873 μg/mL), dok je za ekstrakciju KKO, ChCl:CitrA bila nešto efikasnija (1122-1131 μg/mL) od 50% etanola (925 μg/mL). Pored toga, ovi ekstrakti su sadržali veće količine RK i KKO od ekstrakta dobijenog pod ranije optimizovanim uslovima (666 μg/mL RK, 725 μg/mL KKO). Sa druge strane, ekstrakti dobijeni 96% etanolom i vodom sadržali su znatno manje količine RK (11-217 μg/mL) i KKO (4-10 μg/mL). Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na potencijal primenjene eutektičke smeše u ekstrakciji rtanjskog čaja, kako u cilju kontrole kvaliteta, tako i za pripremu ekstrakata sa primenom u farmaceutskoj, prehrambenoj i kozmetičkoj industriji, što je u skladu sa principima “zelene hemije” i “zelene farmacije”. VIII Kongres farmaceuta Srbije sa međunarodnim učešćem, 12-15.10.2022. Beograd

International audience; Context: Menthol, the main monoterpene found in Mentha piperita L (M. piperita). is known to modulate nociceptive threshold and is present in different curative preparations that reduces sensory hypersensitivities in pain conditions. While pulegone is a menthol-like monoterpene, only a limited number of studies focuses on its putative analgesic effects. Pulegone is the most abundant monoterpene presents in Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi (C. nepeta), a Lamiaceae plant used in traditional medicine to alleviate rheumatic disorders, a chronic inflammatory disease.Objectives: Here, we analyzed the monoterpenes composition of extracts C. nepeta and M. piperita. We then compared the putative anti-hyperalgesic effects of the main monoterpenes found, menthol and pulegone, in acute inflammatory pain conditions.Methods: C. nepeta and M. piperita extracts were obtained through pressurized liquid extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of menthol and pulegone were evaluated by measuring the secretion of the tumor necrosis factor from LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells. The in vivo anti-hyperalgesic effects of menthol and pulegone were tested on a rat model inflammatory pain model.Results: Pulegone and menthol are the most abundant monoterpene found in C. nepeta (49.41 %) and M. piperita (42.85 %) extracts, respectively. In vitro, both pulegone and menthol act as strong anti-inflammatory molecules, with EC50 values of 1.2±0.2 and 1.5±0.1 mM, respectively; and with a cytotoxicity with EC50 values of 6.6±0.3 and 3.5±0.2 mM, respectively. In vivo, 100 mg/kg pulegone exert a transient anti-hyperalgesic effect on both mechanical (pulegone: 274.25 ± 68.89 g, n=8; vehicle: 160.88±35.17 g, n=8, p

Organotin compounds (OTC) are of anthropogenic sources. They are employed in many industrial, agricultural or domestic products. Their presence in the entire environment is now largely highlighted. Due to their toxicity and their non specific biocide action, OTC represent a risk for eco- and agro-systems. The aim of this thesis was to acquire information to understand the OTC fate in the sewage sludge / soil / plant system and to evaluate the risk lined to the contaminated sludge amendment. This represents a major stake in the quality of soil, water and agricultural crops.To begin with this work, analytical development of the OTC extraction step from vegetal was achieved. Afterwards, complementary steps were undertaken in order to evaluate the role of the sewage sludge in OTC fate.TBT sorption kinetic onto the sludge was studied and leaching tests were performed on TBT and TPhT spiked sludge. It highlighted the high affinity of the sludge for the TBT and the sludge capacity to sorb these two triorganotins. Then, OTC speciation in sludge / soil / plant system was assessed. Influence of the pH, initial OTC concentration and sludge quantity mixed with soil were studied. Positive influence of the sludge was pointed out on TBT preservation. TPhT, more exchangeable at the sludge / water interface, appears less persistent. Soil initial pH has an influence on the OTC bioavailability on condition that their concentrations in soil are high. OTC transfer from amended soil to plant was demonstrated by different vegetal cultures. Thus, the plant uptake is emphasized. It is largely dependant on plant nature, its growth, climatic condition and OTC nature. Potato tubers are largely more contaminated than lettuce and French beans. OTC uptake could be explained by passive transport with convective flux. Their accumulation in roots could be the consequence of a sorption phenomenon on the extern root tissue in contact with the soil. These data highlight that sludge play a “well” role after its soil amendment. This practice represents then a real risk for soil and crop quality and, in general, for water / soil / plant system.; Les organoétains sont présents dans tous les compartiments environnementaux et représentent ainsi un risque pour les écosystèmes, compte tenu de leur toxicité et de leur action biocide non spécifique. Le but de la thèse était de comprendre leur réactivité et leur dynamique dans le système boue / sol / plante afin d'évaluer les risques liés à l'épandage de boue de station d'épuration contaminées par ces composés, pour les productions agricoles. Pour cela, une méthode analytique simple capable de détecter de faibles concentrations en organoétains rencontrées dans l'environnement et de conserver la spéciation a été mise au point. Une évaluation de l'influence de plusieurs paramètres comme le pH ou les concentrations en contaminants sur leur spéciation et leur dégradation a ainsi été réalisée. Plusieurs voies d'apport du contaminant, telles que de la boue dopée ou directement par des solutions d'organoétains ont été testées. Il apparaît que le TBT montre une persistance très grande dans le sol par rapport au TPhT. Une étude cinétique de sorption a permis de déterminer l'affinité de la boue pour le TBT, une quantité importante de sites de surface ainsi que la répartition solide – liquide du contaminant. Enfin le transfert des organoétains au végétal a pu être mis en évidence par l'identification de plusieurs facteurs influençant ce transport. La détermination de la répartition dans les parties constitutive de la plante a été réalisée et une approche des mécanismes de transfert décrite. L'ensemble de ces résultats met en évidence la dépendance entre les conditions de cultures, la rémanence des organoétains dans le sol et le niveau de contamination des légumes récoltés. La présence des organoétains dans les boues et les sols représente donc un risque non négligeable pour les cultures et donc pour la santé humaine.